FB-1595 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1595 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Clupeiformes Dorosomatidae Hilsa Hilsa kelee (Cuvier, 1829) Etmaloza Bonga Cachumbeta Djafal Galucha Quilucha Sardinha carça Sável-africano Fia Fole Bonga africká Bonga-stamsild Bonga Bonga shad Clupeid fish Malay sprat Sardine Shad Bonga Eflko Eflo Folevi Mvélé Ethmalose Ethmalose d'Afrique Sardine des estuaires Sardinelle jaune Kokole Ciro Juwi juwi Mursiah Tamban bujur Tamban lopek Tamban panjang Tamban siantan Tembang Бонга бонга Bonga Bongasill Awatt Cobo Diata Fassou coba Kobo Kóóóó Obeu Obo Ööbë Agbodzo Efolo Bonga Machoello mario Sábalo africano Sardina Awefu Aywé Aywo Bonga seri Bongo Bonji Chalo Efloe Ehoube Folé Idath Igir bicham Issal Kafelej Kanflanvi Kokore Kpraakpre Kprekpre Kwamokyi Liandji Mandji Mbéré Ngokolo Ossako mbèrè Sheke Tiatj Tiaka Tialo Tindal tchatch Wékuako 筛鲱 篩鯡 Alausa aurea (non Spix & Agassiz, 1829) Alausa dorsalis Valenciennes, 1847 Alausa platycephalus Bleeker, 1863 Clupea aurea (non Spix & Agassiz, 1829) Clupea dorsalis (Valenciennes, 1847) Clupea eba (non Regan, 1917) Clupea fimbriata Bowdich, 1825 Clupea senegalensis (Valenciennes, 1847) Clupea setosa Steindachner, 1869 Ethmalosa dorsalis (Valenciennes, 1847) Harengula forsteri Valenciennes, 1847 Meletta senegalensis Valenciennes, 1847 Sardinella eba (non Regan, 1917) 1990-10-17 2024-01-22 Collette, B.B. and C.E. 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(Ref. 138280) FB-pic-1594-10506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-07-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1594 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Etfim_l0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Etfim_l0.gif FB-pic-1594-11433 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-06-29 1996-06-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1594 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Etfim_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Etfim_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-1594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1594 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Ethmalosa fimbriata is found in fairly shallow coastal waters, lagoons and estuaries, and sometimes also in lower courses of coastal rivers, even more than 300 km up rivers (Ref. 187, 188, 81269, 81631). It feeds principally on phytoplankton, chiefly diatoms, filtered by the very fine gillraker sieve (Ref. 187, 188, 3166). It breeds throughout the year in waters of salinities 3.5-38 ppt, but with peaks in at least some areas; spawns in the sea, in estuaries and in rivers (Ref. 188). The largest fisheries are in Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Cameroon, mainly in the dry season (Ref. 188). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2020-10-12 19:31:21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1594 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration Diagnosis: Body fairly deep, compressed, scutes present along belly; upper jaw with distinct notch, into which tip of lower jaw fits; lower gillrakers long, fine and numerous, about 3 times as long as gill filaments, upper gillrakers bent sharply upward, V-shaped; pelvic fin rays with 1 unbranched and 7 branched rays; caudal fin tips long and pointed (Ref. 188). A faint dark spot behind gill cover, sometimes followed by others; dorsal fin tip black; caudal fin deep chrome yellow; golden tints on body (Ref. 188, 81269). Ethmalosa fimbriata resembles Sardinella aurita, Sardinella rouxi and especially Sardinella maderensis, but these are more slender, have a rounded upper jaw which is not notched and the upper gillrakers are not bent upward like an elbow (Ref. 188).Description: Body fairly deep, compressed, scutes present along belly (Ref. 188, 2849, 81269, 81631). Mouth terminal; upper jaw with distinct median notch, into which tip of lower jaw fits (Ref. 187, 188). Adipose eyelid very well developed (Ref. 2849, 5356, 81269, 81631). Lower gillrakers long, fine and numerous, about 3 times as long as gill filaments; upper gillrakers bent sharply upward, V-shaped; total gill rakers about 108 (Ref. 188, 104885). Dorsal fin short, at about midpoint of body, with 16-19 rays, consisting of 3-5 unbranched and 12-17 branched rays; anal fin well behind dorsal fin base, with 19-25 rays, consisting of 2-4 unbranched and 17-23 branched rays; pectoral fin with 1 unbranched and 14 branched rays; pelvic fin with 1 unbranched and 7 branched rays; caudal fin tips long and pointed (Ref. 187, 188, 2849, 5356, 81269, 81631, 104885). Scales lacinate on posterior margin, numbering 37-45 in a longitudinal series; transversal scales 16-19; pre-dorsal scales 20-22 (Ref. 2849, 5356, 81269, 81631). With 16-20 pre-pelvic and 10-13 post-pelvic midventral scutes (Ref. 2849, 5356, 81269, 81631). Number of vertebrae 40-44 (Ref. 5356).Colouration: Back blue/green, sides silvery, with a faint oval spot a short distance behind gill opening; golden areas on upper part of head; anterior dorsal finrays dark, rest of fin yellow, except at base; anal fin yellow at base; caudal fin deep chrome yellow, but upper edge and hind margin grey (Ref. 187). Alcohol-preserved specimens are silvery, with the back brownish to greenish; a rounded black spot behind the upper part of operculum, sometimes followed by one or more, less visible, spots aligned in a longitudinal series (Ref. 188, 2849, 2849, 81269, 81631). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Morphology-1594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2020-10-12 19:31:21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1594 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 19; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 19 - 25; Vertebrae: 40 - 44 Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Distribution-1594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2020-10-09 22:10:18 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1594 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Atlantic Ocean: Eastern central Atlantic Ocean, from Dakhla in Western Sahara southward to Lobito Bay in Angola (Ref. 188, 5286, 81269, 81631), occasionally entering freshwater (Ref. 3509). Reports from Cape Verde Islands are based on an erroneous type locality for Clupea fimbriata by Bowdich (1825), which was later rectified as probably Gambia (Ref. 188, 5286, 94080). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Uses-1594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1594 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: experimental; price category: high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Ogbonna, C.I.C. and R.O. Alabi 1991 Studies on species of fungi associated with mycotic infections of fish in Nigerian freshwater fish pond. Hydrobiologia 220(2):131-136. (Ref. 5368) FB-Migration-1594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1594 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Catadromous. Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g., European eels. Subdivision of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Corush, J.B. 2019 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) FB-LifeCycle-1594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1594&StockCode=1787 Breeds all year in waters of salinities 3.5 to 38 ppt, but with peaks in at least some areas, becoming progressively later to south. Spawns in the sea, in estuaries and in rivers. Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-TrophicStrategy-1594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2018-06-13 15:55:04 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public fimbriata http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Ethmalosa fimbriata is found in fairly shallow coastal waters, lagoons and estuaries, and sometimes also in lower courses of coastal rivers, even more than 300 km up rivers; euryhaline (Ref. 187, 188, 81269, 81631). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Size-1594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1594 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 46.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 1989)); max. published weight: 1,000 g (Ref. 1989) Daget, J. and A. Iltis 1965 Poissons de Côte d'Ivoire (eaux douces et saumâtres). Mém. I.F.A.N. 74:385 p. (Ref. 1989) Daget, J. and A. Iltis 1965 Poissons de Côte d'Ivoire (eaux douces et saumâtres). Mém. I.F.A.N. 74:385 p. (Ref. 1989) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-1594-284 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1993-04-12 00:00:00 1993-04-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1594&StockCode=1787 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Achlya Infestation. Fungal diseases Ogbonna, C.I.C. and R.O. Alabi 1991 Studies on species of fungi associated with mycotic infections of fish in Nigerian freshwater fish pond. Hydrobiologia 220(2):131-136. (Ref. 5368) FB-Diseases-1594-291 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1993-04-12 00:00:00 1993-04-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1594&StockCode=1787 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Allomycetes Infestation. Fungal diseases Ogbonna, C.I.C. and R.O. Alabi 1991 Studies on species of fungi associated with mycotic infections of fish in Nigerian freshwater fish pond. Hydrobiologia 220(2):131-136. (Ref. 5368) FB-Diseases-1594-292 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1993-04-12 00:00:00 1993-04-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1594&StockCode=1787 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration Aphanomyces Infestation. Fungal diseases Ogbonna, C.I.C. and R.O. Alabi 1991 Studies on species of fungi associated with mycotic infections of fish in Nigerian freshwater fish pond. Hydrobiologia 220(2):131-136. (Ref. 5368) FB-Diseases-1594-294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1993-04-12 00:00:00 1993-04-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1594&StockCode=1787 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Dictyuchus Infestation. Fungal diseases Ogbonna, C.I.C. and R.O. Alabi 1991 Studies on species of fungi associated with mycotic infections of fish in Nigerian freshwater fish pond. Hydrobiologia 220(2):131-136. (Ref. 5368) FB-Diseases-1594-300 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1993-04-12 00:00:00 1993-04-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1594&StockCode=1787 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Goussia Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Obiekezie, A.I. 1986 <i>Goussia ethmalosa</i> n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sporozoea), a coccidian parasite of the West African shad, <i>Ethmalosa fimbriata</i> Bowdich 1825, (Pisces: Clupeidae). Z. Parasitenkd. 72(6):827-829. (Ref. 5371) FB-Diseases-1594-298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1993-04-12 00:00:00 1993-04-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1594&StockCode=1787 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Saprolegnia Infestation. Fungal diseases Ogbonna, C.I.C. and R.O. Alabi 1991 Studies on species of fungi associated with mycotic infections of fish in Nigerian freshwater fish pond. Hydrobiologia 220(2):131-136. (Ref. 5368) FB-Diseases-1594-299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1993-04-12 00:00:00 1993-04-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1594&StockCode=1787 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Thraustotheca Infestation. Fungal diseases Ogbonna, C.I.C. and R.O. Alabi 1991 Studies on species of fungi associated with mycotic infections of fish in Nigerian freshwater fish pond. Hydrobiologia 220(2):131-136. (Ref. 5368) FB-Habitat-1594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1594 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases pelagic-neritic; catadromous (Ref. 138280); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 50 m (Ref. 54436), usually 0 - 50 m (Ref. 54436) Corush, J.B. 2019 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) FAO-FIGIS 2001 A world overview of species of interest to fisheries. Chapter: Ethmalosa fimbriata. Retrieved on 30 May 2005, from www.fao.org/figis/servlet/species?fid=2095. 3p. FIGIS Species Fact Sheets. Species Identification and Data Programme-SIDP, FAO-FIGIS (Ref. 54436) FAO-FIGIS 2001 A world overview of species of interest to fisheries. Chapter: Ethmalosa fimbriata. Retrieved on 30 May 2005, from www.fao.org/figis/servlet/species?fid=2095. 3p. FIGIS Species Fact Sheets. Species Identification and Data Programme-SIDP, FAO-FIGIS (Ref. 54436)