FB-16789 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=16789 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Ophidiiformes Ophidiidae Porogadus Porogadus miles Goode & Bean, 1885 Seester-pêrelvis Cushion star pearlfish Pincushion star pearlfish Star pearlfish kutunidairo kutunidri kutunilala kutunisucuwalu kutunivula manumanu ni kete ni vula Kazari-kakureuo 星点潜鱼 星點潛魚 Carapus homei (non Richardson, 1846) Carapus mayottae Smith, 1955 Carapus pindae Smith, 1955 Carapus variegatus Fowler & Steinitz, 1956 Encheliophis mourlani (Petit, 1934) Fierasfer mourlani Petit, 1934 Oxybeles lumbricoides Bleeker, 1854 1996-03-01 2022-05-31 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Thresher, R.E.0 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) Olney, J.E. and D.F. Markle0 Carapidae. p. 350-354. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4104) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Markle, D.F. and J.E. Olney0 Systematics of the pearlfishes (Pisces: Carapidae). Bull. Mar. Sci. 47(2):269-410. (Ref. 6347) Trott, L.B. and E.E. Trott0 Pearlfishes (Carapidae: Gadiformes) collected from Puerto Galera, Mindoro, Philippines. Copeia 1972(4):839-843. (Ref. 6395) Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley0 Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300) Randall, J.E. and J. van Egmond0 Marine fishes from the Seychelles: 108 new records. Zool. Verh. Leiden 297:43-83. (Ref. 10685) Heemstra, P.C.0 Additions and corrections for the 1995 impression. p. v-xv. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Revised Edition of Smiths' Sea Fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 11228) Winterbottom, R. and R.C. Anderson0 A revised checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Chagos Archipelago, Central Indian Ocean. Ichthyol. Bull. Smith. Inst. (66):1-28. (Ref. 27307) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's tank photos. Collection of 10,000 large-format photos (slides) of dead fishes. Unpublished. (Ref. 28618) Pauly, D., R. Froese and J.S. Albert0 The BRAINS table. p. 195-198. In R. Froese and D. Pauly (eds.) FishBase 98: concepts, design and data sources. ICLARM, Manila, Philippines. 298 p. (Ref. 30504) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BPBM). Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai`I, 96817-0916 USA. (Ref. 31667) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins0 Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024) Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Parmentier, E., G. Castillo, M. Chardon and P. Vandewalle0 Phylogenetic analysis of the pearlfish tribe Carapini (Pisces: Carapidae). Acta Zool. 81:293-306. (Ref. 37008) Machida, Y.0 New distribution records of the pearlfish, <i>Carapus mourlani</i>, with notes on its morphometry. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 36(3):363-368. (Ref. 37367) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. (Ref. 37816) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Kapoor, D., R. Dayal and A.G. Ponniah0 Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, India.775 p. (Ref. 45255) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Allen, G.R. and M. Adrim0 Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72. (Ref. 47567) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Randall, J.E.0 Reef and shore fishes of the South Pacific. New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 720 p. (Ref. 54980) Salcedo, N.J.0 New species of <i>Chaetostoma</i> (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Central Peru. Copeia 2006(1):60-67. (Ref. 56969) Parmentier, E., A. Mercier and J.-F. Hamel0 New host and geographical distribution for the pearlfish <i>Carapus mourlani</i> (Carapidae) with a discussion on its biology. Copeia 2006(1):122-128. (Ref. 57700) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Mundy, B.C.0 Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704. (Ref. 58302) Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154) Thaman, R.R., T. Fong and A. Balawa0 Ilava Ni Navakavu: Finfishes of Vanua Navakavu, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. SPRH-FIO Biodiversity and Ethnobiodiversity Report No. 4, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands. (Ref. 79890) Golani, D. and S. V. Bogorodsky0 The fishes of the Red Sea - reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa 2463:1-135. (Ref. 84159) Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez0 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Qiu, S., B. Chen, J. Du, K.-H. Loh, J. Liao, X. Liu and W. Yang0 Checklist of the coral fish fauna of Xisha Islands, China. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e63945. (Ref. 123833) van der Elst, Rudy, Simon Chater and Dennis King0 Fishes from Bassas Da India Atoll in the Mozambique Channel. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 629. (Ref. 124899) Grove, J.S., D.J. Long, D.R. Robertson and B.C. Victor0 List of fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. J. Ocean Sci. Found. 39:14-22. (Ref. 127348) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) FB-pic-16791-21061 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-19 2010-10-28 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=16791 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Camou_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Camou_u0.jpg Locality: Makua, Oahu, Hawaii. FB-pic-16791-21062 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-19 2010-10-28 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=16791 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Camou_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Camou_u1.jpg FB-pic-16791-21063 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-19 2000-04-23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=16791 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Camou_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Camou_u2.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-16791 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-03-01 00:00:00 2023-03-30 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=16791 Common species (Ref. 34024). Found in starfishes (mainly) and holothurians (Ref. 4104), usually in a male - female pair (Ref. 11228). Benthic (Ref. 58302). In Micronesia, it prefers the pincushion starfish Culcita novaeguinae for a host. Also known to occur in certain holothurians (Bohadschia argus, Stichopus sp.) on rare occasions (Ref. 1602); for the first time with Isostichopus fuscus along the coast of Ecuador (Ref. 57700). Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins 1999 Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024) FB-DiagnosticDescr-16791 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1996-04-25 00:00:00 2013-02-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=16791 Eel-like, moderate to shallow body depth; cardiform teeth present but restricted to upper jaw symphysis; swim bladder constricted (under vertebrae 9 or 10) forming two chambers; lacking enlarged dentary or premaxillary fangs, dentary diastema, pelvic fins and swim bladder rockerbone (Ref. 34024). Differs from Encheliophis homei by possessing scattered melanophores over most of the body (Ref. 37816).Description: Characterized by generally translucent; with small brown spots and silvery to coppery sheen over cheek and abdomen; length of pectoral fin 2.1-3.0 in head length; depth of body 9.3-11.5 in TL; anus anterior to base of pectoral fin; head length 6.5-7.1 in TL; a pair of slender, incurved canines at symphysis in upper jaw followed by band of small teeth in 2-3 rows; band of small teeth in lower jaw; outer row on side of jaw with about seven enlarged teeth; 2-3 large teeth in vomer (Ref. 90102). Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Morphology-16791 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1996-04-25 00:00:00 2013-02-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=16791 Dorsal soft rays (total): 35 - 41; Analsoft rays: 54 - 61; Vertebrae: 102 - 114 Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Distribution-16791 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-03-01 00:00:00 2013-02-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=16791 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Indo-Pacific: East Africa to Hawaii, throughout Micronesia and Amami Islands, southern Japan. Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Uses-16791 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-03-01 00:00:00 2023-03-30 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=16791 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology fisheries: of no interest Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins 1999 Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024) FB-TrophicStrategy-16791 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2006-11-29 00:00:00 2008-09-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public mourlani http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Found in starfishes (mainly) and holothurians (Ref. 4104, 75154), usually in a male - female pair (Ref. 11228). In Micronesia, it prefers the pincushion starfish Culcita novaeguinae for a host. Also known to occur in certain holothurians (Bohadschia argus, Stichopus sp.) on rare occasions (Ref. 1602); for the first time with Isostichopus fuscus along the coast of Ecuador. Inhabits either in the coelomic cavity, the respiratory tree, or the digestive tract; resulting to side effects such as coelomic cavity infection, less advanced gonad maturity (reduced gonadal tubule diameter and length, lower ratio of mature oocytes) and significant proportion of necrotiic and shriveled gonadal tubules (devoid of gametes) of the host (Ref. 57700). Parmentier, E., A. Mercier and J.-F. Hamel 2006 New host and geographical distribution for the pearlfish <i>Carapus mourlani</i> (Carapidae) with a discussion on its biology. Copeia 2006(1):122-128. (Ref. 57700) FB-Size-16791 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-03-01 00:00:00 2023-03-30 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=16791 21.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 30504)) Pauly, D., R. Froese and J.S. Albert 1998 The BRAINS table. p. 195-198. In R. Froese and D. Pauly (eds.) FishBase 98: concepts, design and data sources. ICLARM, Manila, Philippines. 298 p. (Ref. 30504) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-16791 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-03-01 00:00:00 2023-03-30 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=16791 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 1 - 150 m (Ref. 34024) Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins 1999 Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)