FB-1695 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1695 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Pleuronectiformes Bothidae Arnoglossus Arnoglossus rueppelii (Cocco, 1844) Apogon Alcaraz Alcarraz Alfonsinho-da-costa Folião Kuqrraku Mbreti i gjelave Peshku kardinal Samaket Damm Grazangnola Pesciu rossu Middelhavskardinalfisk Kardinalfisch Meerbarbenkönig Meerbarbenköning Cardinal fish Fucinata King of the mullets Mediterranean cardinalfish Vahemere kardinalahven Kardinaaliahven Apogon Apogon commun Castagnole rouge Coq Roi des rougets Matuličić Castegneua russa Cipudda russa Guarracino russo 'e scoglio 'Mmuccapasticci Monaca russa Monacedda russa Monacella rossa Munacedda russa Pisci id russi Re di trigghia Re di triglie Ré di triglie Saracenu Cawla hamra Sultan iccawl Sultan ic-cawl Matulic Kardinal balığı Alfoncino Salmonete real Kardinalios Kpindjihouédjin Kromidi tsibouki Kromídi tsiboúki Moll reial Morski kraljiček Καρδινάλιος Κρεμμύδι Τσιμπούκι 欧洲天竺鲷 歐洲天竺鯛 Amia imberbe (Linnaeus, 1758) Amia imberbis (Linnaeus, 1758) Apogon atradorsatus (non Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) Apogon inermis (Linnaeus, 1758) Apogon rexmullorum Cuvier, 1828 Centropomus rubens Spinola, 1807 Kuhlia rubens (Spinola, 1807) Mullus imberbis Linnaeus, 1758 1990-10-22 2024-11-25 Bertolini, F., U. 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(Ref. 137577) FB-pic-1693-10153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1993-07-01 1998-12-20 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1693 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Apimb_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Apimb_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-1693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Christine Papasissi 1990-10-22 00:00:00 2024-05-10 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1693 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Occasionally forms schools; sometimes solitary. Inhabits muddy or rocky bottoms and caves (Ref. 4738). A sciaphilous species thriving in a number of shady/dark habitats and frequents marine caves, where it forms large schools (Ref. 118281). Feeds on small invertebrates and fishes (Ref. 4738). Observed to feed in the water column and just over the bottom, always at night; 93.4% of observed events occurring outside the caves, usually on rocky bottoms and Posidonia oceanica meadows, and to a lesser extent on pebbles (Ref. 118281). Oral brooding by males (Ref. 4738). Tortonese, E. 1986 Apogonidae. p. 803-809. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4738) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-04-11 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1693 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Eye very large, much greater than snout. Pectoral fin long, reaching at least origin of anal fin. Preopercular edge only slightly serrated, preopercular ridge smooth. Body and fins red or pink, back and upper surface of head dusky. Two or three dark spots, sometimes joined, along base of caudal fin. Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) 1986 Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vols. I-III:1473 p. FB-Morphology-1693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-04-11 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1693 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 7; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9 - 10; Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 8 - 9 Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) 1986 Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vols. I-III:1473 p. FB-Distribution-1693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Christine Papasissi 1990-10-22 00:00:00 2022-10-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1693 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea: Portugal to Morocco and the Azores. Elsewhere, southward to Gulf of Guinea. Tortonese, E. 1986 Apogonidae. p. 803-809. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4738) FB-Uses-1693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Christine Papasissi 1990-10-22 00:00:00 2024-05-10 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1693 fisheries: commercial; bait: FB-LifeCycle-1693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-22 00:00:00 2024-05-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1693&StockCode=1888 Males incubate eggs in buccal cavity (Ref. 205, 4738, 74407). Embryos do not feed externally in the buccal cavity. Distinct pairing during courtship and spawning (Ref. 205). Internal fertilization and paternal care by mouthbrooding is found to be a rare combination of reproductive strategy (Ref. 74407). Also Ref. 240. Balon, E.K. 1990 Epigenesis of an epigeneticist: the development of some alternative concepts on the early ontogeny and evolution of fishes. Guelph Ichthyol. Rev. 1:1-48. (Ref. 7471) FB-TrophicStrategy-1693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-04-11 00:00:00 2020-09-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public imberbis http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Lives in a coastal lagoon (Ref. 122828). Occasionally forms schools; sometimes solitary. Inhabits muddy or rocky bottoms and caves (Ref. 4738). Also found on seamounts (Ref. 122829). A sciaphilous species thriving in a number of shady/dark habitats and frequents marine caves, where it forms large schools (Ref. 118281). Feeds on small invertebrates and fishes (Ref. 4738). Observed to feed in the water column and just over the bottom, always at night; 93.4% of observed events occurring outside the caves, usually on rocky bottoms and Posidonia oceanica meadows, and to a lesser extent on pebbles (Ref. 118281). Fischer, W., M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) 1987 Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. (Révision 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de Pêche 37. FAO, Rome. 1529 p. FB-Size-1693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Christine Papasissi 1990-10-22 00:00:00 2024-05-10 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1693 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 15.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4738)); max. reported age: 5 years (Ref. 93355) Tortonese, E. 1986 Apogonidae. p. 803-809. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4738) Raventos, N. 2007 Age, growth and reproductive parameters of the Mediterranean cardinal fish, <i>Apogon imberbis</i>. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 23(6):675-678. (Ref. 93355) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Christine Papasissi 1990-10-22 00:00:00 2024-05-10 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1693 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 10 - 200 m (Ref. 4738) Tortonese, E. 1986 Apogonidae. p. 803-809. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4738)