FB-1937 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1937 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Carangiformes Carangidae Chloroscombrus Chloroscombrus orqueta Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 Chomuktutau Omektutau Charéu Encharéu Ferreiro Pargo ferreiro Xaréu branco Xaréu preto Xeréu-preto Swart koningvis Talakitok Samin-samin Trakito Tarakito Sort trevalle Black jack Black Jack Black jack fish Black jacks Black kingfish Black trevally Black ulua Blackjack Cabali Coalfish Giant jack Trevally Must hobumakrell Saqaloa Carangue noire Gunkun Ulua la'uli Mansa Kappore Aron Ikan puteh bongkok Tafauli каранг темный Tafauli Ruhi Ruhi pepe Ruke ruke Sibong lison Talakitok Corcovado Jorobado Jurel negro Jurel policía Tiñosa Anakbong Aongo Aron Axoxot Baho-ulo Bulingit Bwaom Da-hwâhwâk Enforcado Istah putih Kalufanihandi Langug Lupo Mamsa Mangsah Manimango Marompol Meah mondo Moturu kove Nangúw Repenóórong Ruhi Rui Shepeliyarong Simba biru Tarakitok {Langugan} Tarakiton atilong Tupatupa Tutupa Uluatafauli Xaréu Yarong Yarong-chep Yórong 甘仔 甘仔鱼 闊步鰺 阔步鲹 黑体鲹 黑體鰺 黑鰺 黑鲹 Caranx ascensionis Cuvier, 1833 Caranx frontalis Poey, 1860 Caranx hippos (non Linnaeus, 1766) Caranx ishikawai Wakiya, 1924 Caranx tenebrosus Jordan, Evermann & Wakiya, 1927 Scomber ascensionis (non Shaw, 1803) 1990-11-10 2013-07-12 Brouard, F. and R. 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(Ref. 127348) Harborne, A.0 Fish and coral species lists compiled by Coral Cay Conservation: Belize 1990-1998. Coral Cay Conservation, 26p. (Ref. 128811) Rongo, T. and R. van Woesik0 Ciguatera poisoning in Rarotonga, southern Cook Islands. Harmful Algae 10(2011):348-355. (Ref. 130160) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) Béarez, P. and L. Bouffandeau0 Fishing for survival: The forgotten slaves of Tromelin Island (Indian Ocean). Int J Osteoarchaeol. 29:487-498. (Ref. 137464) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-1936-4931 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-07-07 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1936 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Calug_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Calug_u0.gif FB-pic-1936-12639 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-12-13 2010-07-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1936 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Calug_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Calug_u0.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-1936 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 2025-09-10 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1936 An oceanic and insular species, very much restricted to clear oceanic waters (Ref. 9283). Not commonly found in shallow banks (Ref. 9283). Sometimes seen near drop-off at outer edge of reefs (Ref. 26938). Occasionally forming schools. Adults feed on fishes at night (Ref. 5213). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Marketed mainly fresh, also dried or salted (Ref. 9283). Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley 1989 Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1936 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-04 00:00:00 2013-04-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1936 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Description: Head, body, and fins dark olive grey to brown or black dorsally, shading to bluish gray ventrally; median fins and lateral line scutes usually dark brown or black (Ref. 90102, Ref. 13442). Body oblong and compressed, dorsal profile strongly convex anteriorly, ventral profile slightly convex; breast completely scaleless; LL scutes 26-33, strong (Ref. 90102). Upper profile of head steep, the anterior part slightly concave; mouth relatively large, the maxilla nearly reaching center of eye (Ref. 13442). Adipose eyelid moderately developed, small anteriorly extending forward to rear half of pupil on posterior part of eye (Ref. 90102). Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Morphology-1936 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-04 00:00:00 2013-04-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1936 Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 20 - 22; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 16 - 19 Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Distribution-1936 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 2025-09-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1936 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Circumtropical. Western Indian Ocean: off Natal and East London in South Africa (Ref. 3197, 11228); Reunion, Mauritius and Cargados Carajos (Ref. 33390); Seychelles (Ref. 10685). Western Pacific: southern Japan to New Caledonia. Recently reported from Tonga (Ref. 53797). Western Atlantic: Bermuda and the northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Azores, Madeira, St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121), Ascension Island, Cape Verde, and Gulf of Guinea. Eastern Central Pacific: Mexico (including Revillagigedo Islands) to Costa Rica. Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Uses-1936 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 2025-09-10 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1936 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: high; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Liao, C.-I., H.-M. Su and E.Y. Chang 2001 Techniques in finfish larviculture in Taiwan. Aquaculture 200(2001):1-31. (Ref. 40297) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-1936 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 2025-09-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1936 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-TrophicStrategy-1936 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-12-02 00:00:00 2020-11-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public lugubris http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution An oceanic and insular species, very much restricted to clear oceanic waters (Ref. 9283). Occurs in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Ref. 7300). Not commonly found in shallow banks (Ref. 9283). Sometimes seen near drop-off at outer edge of reefs (Ref. 26938). Key habitat is off reef slopes in waters deeper than 30 m (Ref. 122680). Forms large schools during feeding (Ref. 9283). Feeds on fishes at night (Ref. 5213). Piscivore (Ref. 57615) Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley 1989 Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300) FB-Size-1936 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 2025-09-10 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1936 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses 100.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)); max. published weight: 17.9 kg (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 12 years (Ref. 82366) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Fry, G.C., D.T. Brewer and W.N. Venables 2006 Vulnerability of deepwater demersal fishes to commercial fishing: Evidence from a study around a tropical volcanic seamount in Papua New Guinea. Fish. Res. 81:126-141. (Ref. 82366) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1936 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 2025-09-10 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1936 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats benthopelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 12 - 354 m (Ref. 9710), usually 24 - 65 m (Ref. 5217) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez 1992 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)