FB-2032 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2032 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Oreochromis Oreochromis hunteri Günther, 1889 Chala tilapia Lake Chala tilapia 亨氏口孵非鯽亨氏口孵非鲫 Sarotherodon hunteri (Günther, 1889) Tilapia hunteri (Günther, 1889) 1990-12-18 2024-01-22 Trewavas, E.0 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) Boulenger, G.A.0 A revision of the African and Syrian fishes of the family Cichlidae. Part II. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1899:98-143. (Ref. 1870) Boulenger, G.A.0 Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III. Printed by order of the Trustees, London. 526 p. (Ref. 2989) Eccles, D.H.0 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. (Ref. 4967) Trewavas, E. and G.G. Teugels0 Oreochromis. p. 307-346. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5166) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Ufermann, A., R. Allgayer and M. Geerts (eds.)0 Cichlid catalogue (Pisces, Perciformes, Cichlidae Bonaparte, 1840). Vol. 1. Alphabetical catalogue of the cichlid fishes. Mr. Robert Allgayer, 15 rue des Hirondelles, 67350 Dauendorf, France. 1987:i-xv, 439 p. (Ref. 13271) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museums of Kenya. National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya. (Ref. 31740) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Copley, H.0 Common freshwater fishes of East Africa. H.F. & G. Witherby Ltd., London. 172p. (Ref. 36900) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Seegers, L.0 Sarotherodon hornorum, S. urolepis und S. mossambicus, drei Großcichliden aus Ostafrika: ichthyologische Ergebnisse aus Tanzania, II. DCG-Inf. 12(9):161-180. (Ref. 44608) Seegers, L., L. De Vos and D.O. Okeyo0 Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Kenya (excluding the lacustrine haplochromines from Lake Victoria). J. E. Afr. Nat. Hist. 92:11-47. (Ref. 52331) Pellegrin, J.0 Contribution à l'étude anatomique, biologique et taxinomique des poissons de la famille des cichlidés. Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. 16:41-399. (Ref. 53262) Trewavas, E.0 A preliminary review of fishes of the genus Tilapia in the eastward-flowing rivers of Africa, with proposals of two new specific names. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 74(3-4):394-424. (Ref. 54096) Thys van den Audenaerde, D.F.E.0 An annotated bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae). Mus. R. Afr. Cent., Doc. Zool. 14, 406p. (Ref. 54357) Bailey, R.G.0 Fishes of the genus Tilapia (Cichlidae) in Tanzania, with a key for their identification. East Afr. Agric. For. J. 34(2):194-202. (Ref. 54836) Lowe, R.H.0 New species of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae) from Lake Jipe and the Pangani River, East Africa. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool.) 2(12):347-368. (Ref. 55060) Günther, A.0 On some fishes from the Kilima-Njaro district. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1889(pt. 1):70-72. (Ref. 55061) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Thys van den Audenaerde, D.F.E.0 La distribution géographique des Tilapia au Congo. Bull. Séances Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer 9(3):570-605. (Ref. 74387) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Shechonge, A., B.P. Ngatunga, S.J. Bradbeer, J.J. Day, J.J. Freer, A.G.P. Ford, J. Kihedu, T. Richmond, S. Mzighani, A.M. Smith, E.A. Sweke, R. Tamatamah, A.M. Tyers, G.F. Turner and M.J. Genner0 Widespread colonisation of Tanzanian catchments by introduced Oreochromis tilapia fishes: the legacy from decades of deliberate introduction. Hydrobiologia (2018). (Ref. 118630) Genner, M.J., G.F. Turner and B.P. Ngatunga0 A guide to the tilapia fishes of Tanzania. Martin J. Genner, George F. Turner and Benjamin P. Ngatunga, August 2018. 29 p. (Ref. 118638) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) FB-pic-2032-13873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-03-19 1997-03-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2032 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Orhun_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Orhun_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-2032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-12-18 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2032 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Only found in Lake Chala (Ref. 2, 4967, 36900); several non-native tilapias are now established in this small lake as a result of stocking, and Oreochromis hunteri is apparently much less common than previously (Ref. 118638). Sometimes swimming in shoals (Ref. 36900, 55060). It feeds on algae and debris off the bottom between the rocks near the shore (Ref. 2, 55060). A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 118638). Fished in Lake Chala (Ref. 118638). IUCN conservation status is critically endangered (Ref. 118638). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-12-18 00:00:00 2018-11-06 22:07:23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2032 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Diagnosis: A large bodied tilapia, with a relatively large and forward-facing snout, body at least 2.8 times as long as deep (Ref. 4967, 118638). The species can be distinguished by following characters: teeth very small, in narrow bands; pharyngeal bone narrow, its width about 26% length of head, with fine teeth, crowded posteriorly, the blade equal to the median length of the toothed area in young, about 1.5 times as long in adults; pectoral fin usually less than 36% of standard length; anal spines III-IV; scales of chest and belly very small, in some individuals showing an abrupt transition from the flank scales for a short distance behind the pectoral-pelvic interspace; in some the dorsal scales may also be small; and caudal peduncle at least 1.3 times longer than deep (Ref. 2, 4967). Males characterised by an intricate melanin pattern on the head, flank scales that are darker towards posterior side, and a background light grey-blue colour; the dorsal region is darker than the ventral, and ripe males with dark pectoral, anal, caudal fins, while the dorsal fin is dark with orange margins; females with less contrasting colours, with flanks uniformly grey or olive, with a lighter ventral region (Ref. 118638).Description: The upper profile of the head is approximately straight, the mouth terminal with the jaws meeting evenly (Ref. 2). Mouth rather large, extending to between nostril and eye (Ref. 1870, 2989). The teeth are smaller and more slender than even in Oreochromis jipe; in the largest specimens a few of the outer teeth are tricuspid and some of the posterior may be unicuspid, but most are bicuspid; in adults many teeth are worn or broken, probably the result of browsing on the rocks; the inner series are irregular and the toot-bands are narrower than in O. jipe and O. pangani; in the biggest fish teeth of the inmost row are unicuspid (Ref. 2). The pharyngeal teeth are small and slender, restricted to a small area (Ref. 2). Scales cycloid; the number of scales in the lateral series shows equal modes at 34 and 35, higher numbers being often due to interpretation of smaller scales, in some cases on one side only; 18-19 scales on upper lateral line, 15-16 scales on lower lateral line; 3 series of scales on the cheek; scales on cheek rather small (Ref. 2, 1870, 2989, 55061). Dorsal fin with XVI-XVII spines and 11-13 soft rays, last dorsal spine longest; the total anal rays are 14-16, with III-IV spines and 10-13 soft rays; pectoral fin pointed, a little shorter than head, not extending to origin of anal fin; pelvic fin reaching vent; caudal fin truncate (Ref. 2, 1870, 55061). Vertebrae 31-34 (Ref. 2).Colouration: Adult metallic blue-black on upper parts of head and body, shading to iridescent dark greenish blue on lower parts of gill-cover and jaws and to blackish bronze on the flanks; breast speckled dark green and white, belly grey on white; some individuals with edge of dorsal fin dark orange (Ref. 2). Large males are a deep royal blue and every scale is distinct; this colour shades down to a pearly white on the belly, with a tinge of yellow on the throat; the fins are also royal blue and all points are a flaming orange or a bright vermilion colour (Ref. 36900). The females are grass-green with dark green backs (Ref. 36900). Young bronze on flanks, greenish bronze on back, cream on belly; head as adult but not so dark; caudal and dorsal fins dark green, lower fins paler iridescent green (Ref. 2). A checkered effect in both young and adult produced by the darker anterior part of each scale (Ref. 2). In alcohol, young fishes have a well-marked dark mid-lateral longitudinal band, continuous or emphasized on 11-13 narrow dark vertical bars, which also bear a series of 5-7 blotches above the upper lateral line; the tilapia-mark, present through variably emphasized at these sizes, is horizontally elongate (Ref. 2). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Morphology-2032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-12-18 00:00:00 2018-11-06 22:07:23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2032 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 16 - 17; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 13; Anal spines: 3 - 4; Analsoft rays: 10 - 16; Vertebrae: 31 - 34 Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Distribution-2032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-12-18 00:00:00 2024-01-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2032 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Africa: endemic to Lake Chala in Kenya (Ref. 52331) and Tanzania (Ref. 118630). Shechonge, A., B.P. Ngatunga, S.J. Bradbeer, J.J. Day, J.J. Freer, A.G.P. Ford, J. Kihedu, T. Richmond, S. Mzighani, A.M. Smith, E.A. Sweke, R. Tamatamah, A.M. Tyers, G.F. Turner and M.J. Genner 2018 Widespread colonisation of Tanzanian catchments by introduced Oreochromis tilapia fishes: the legacy from decades of deliberate introduction. Hydrobiologia (2018). (Ref. 118630) FB-LifeCycle-2032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 1990-12-18 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2032&StockCode=2229 A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 118638). Genner, M.J., G.F. Turner and B.P. Ngatunga 2018 A guide to the tilapia fishes of Tanzania. Martin J. Genner, George F. Turner and Benjamin P. Ngatunga, August 2018. 29 p. (Ref. 118638) FB-TrophicStrategy-2032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2008-03-24 00:00:00 2018-11-07 18:26:16 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ hunteri Only found in Lake Chala (Ref. 2, 4967, 36900). Sometimes swimming in shoals (Ref. 36900, 55060). It feeds on algae and debris off the bottom between the rocks near the shore (Ref. 2, 55060). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Size-2032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-12-18 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2032 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 30.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4967)) Eccles, D.H. 1992 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. (Ref. 4967) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-12-18 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2032 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution benthopelagic; freshwater