FB-2081 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2081 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Orectolobiformes Rhincodontidae Rhincodon Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828 Rekin wielorybi Pintado Tubarão baleia Tubarão-baleia Walvishaai Battan Chanaz Botanding Butanding Hvalhaj Rauhhai Walhai Basking shark Tofu sa Tofu shark Whale shark Whaleshark Vaalhai Dakuwaqa Chagrin Requin baleine Requin-baleine Jinbeizame 고래상어 Makara-sravu Pulli udoombu Thimingala sura Vybedu തിമിംഗല സ്റാവ് പുള്ളി ഉടുന്വു മകര സ്റാവ് മകരസ്രാവ്  വ്യബിടു  Bahiri Behiri Deomushi Karanj कारांज दियोमुशी बीहिरि Hiu paus Kappo suar Punki suar Yu paus Yu cicak Yu katak акула китовая Vaame Valhaj Ma'o tohora Ma'o tohorā ௨ஸ்மான் சுரா Amini-uluvai Pulli udoombu Pulli-udumban-sravu Thimingal sura Usman-sravu புள்ளீ உடும்பன் சுரா புள்ளீ உடும்பு  புள்ளி ஊடாம்பு புள்ளியுடும்பன் சுராவு அமீனீ உளுவை அமினி வுளுவை உஸ்மான் சுராவு தீமீஙகல் சுரா திமிங்கல சுரா Thimingila sora Isdang tuku Tuko Chalamwan Mohr Cá Nhám voi Dámero Pez dama Tiburon ballena Tiburón ballena Bagea ni oka Betut Chlarm Faime Fevurehi Fehurihi Hiu paus Huoi Huoi kape Mago tohorā Mgonguzi Mgonguzi mafia Mgonguzi matuda Orjaški kitovec Papa'ani atea Pintadona Sigoita lovalova Tawiki Tubarão-baleia Tuki-tuki Walvishaai Yaak 大憨沙 豆腐沙 鯨鮫 鯨鯊 鲸鲛 鲸鲨 Micristodus punctatus Gill, 1865 Rhicodon typus Smith, 1828 Rhineodon typus Smith, 1828 Rhiniodon typus (Smith, 1828) Rhinodon pentalineatus Kishinouye, 1901 Rhinodon typicus Müller & Henle, 1839 Rhinodon typicus Smith, 1845 1992-06-15 2024-01-22 Coppola, S.R., W. 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(Ref. 131153) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) Guillaume, M.M.M. and B. Séret0 Observations of sharks (Elasmobranchii) at Europa Island, a remote marine protected area important for shark conservation in the southern Mozambique Channel. PLoS ONE 16(10):e0253867. (Ref. 132289) Robinson, D.P., M.Y. Yaidah, S.S. Bach, C.A. Rohner, R.W. Jabado, R. Ormond and S.J. Pierce0 Some like it hot: Repeat migration and residency of whale sharks within an extreme natural environment. PlosONE 12(9):1-23. (Ref. 138074) Hueter, R.E., J.P. Tyminski and R. de la Parra0 Horizontal movements, migration patterns, and population structure of whale sharks in the Gulf of Mexico and Northwestern Caribbean Sea. PLoS ONE 8(8):1-19. (Ref. 138076) Diamant, S., C.A. Rohner, J.J. Kiszka, A.G. d'Echon, T.G. d'Echon, E. Sourisseau and S.J. Pierce0 Movements and habitat use of satellite-tagged whale sharks off western Madagascar. Endang. Species Res. 36:49-58. (Ref. 138086) Bignell, C.J., T.A. Patterson, A. Donovan, M.A. Vanderklift, W. Rochester, J.M. Semmens and R.D. Pillans0 Satellite tracking reveals sex-specific differences in the geographical and vertical habitat use of Whale sharks, <i>Rhincodon typus</i>, in the Eastern Indian ocean. Mar. Biol. 172(105):1-22. (Ref. 138089) FB-pic-2081-3851 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-18 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2081 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rhtyp_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Rhtyp_u1.gif FB-pic-2081-10496 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2081 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rhtyp_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Rhtyp_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-2081 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2081 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats World's largest fish, but is harmless to humans (Ref. 6871). Grows up to 20m (Ref. 48722). Often seen offshore but coming close inshore, sometimes entering lagoons or coral atolls (Ref. 247). Sometimes seen cruising near outer wall (Ref. 26938). Reported to frequent shallow water areas near estuaries and river mouths, sometimes during seasonal shrimp blooms (Ref. 48696). Found singly, or in aggregations of over 100 individuals (Ref. 5578). Often associated with groups of pelagic fishes, especially scombrids (Ref. 247). Highly migratory between ocean basins and national jurisdictions, but returns to the same sites annually (Refs. 48672, 131113). Feed on planktonic and nektonic prey, such as small fishes (sardines, anchovies, mackerel, juvenile tunas and albacore), small crustaceans and squids (Ref. 247). Often seen in a vertical position with the head at or near the surface when feeding (Ref. 13571). When actively feeding on zooplankton the sharks turn their heads from side to side, with part of the head lifted out of the water, and the mouth opened and closed 7-28 times per minute; these suction gulps were synchronized with the opening and closing of the gill slits (Ref. 35680). Ovoviviparous, with litter size of over 300 pups (Ref. 37816, 43278). Females of 438 to 562 cm are immature (FIGIS 09/2003). Utilized fresh, frozen, dried and salted for human consumption, liver processed for oil, fins used for shark-fin soup, offal probably for fishmeal (Ref. 13571), cartilage for health supplements and skin for leather products (Ref. 48723). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). Highly valued commodity in ecotourism operations. Populations have been depleted in several countries by harpoon fisheries (Ref. 48696). Estimated longevity of 80.4 yrs is much larger than reported maximum age 38 yrs based on vertebral bands for a female of 11.9 m TL. Maximum length of up to 21 m and weight of up to 42 tons have been reported (Ref. 116781), but probably the most reliably measured size so far is 12 m TL (Ref. 26319). Colman, J.G. 1997 A review of the biology and ecology of the whale shark. J. Fish Biol. 51(6):1219-1234. (Ref. 26319) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2081 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-11-29 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2081 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat A huge, filter-feeding, blunt-headed shark with a distinct checkerboard pattern of yellow or white spots, on grey, bluish or blue-grey to green-brown back, white or yellowish underside, with horizontal and vertical stripes on back and sides of body; head broad and flat; snout short; mouth almost terminal, huge and transverse in front of eyes; prominent ridges on body, lowest terminating in a keel on caudal peduncle (Ref. 58085, 114967); nostrils with rudimentary barbels; long nasoral grooves; spiracles close to and larger than eyes; 5 exceptionally large gill openings, the fifth behind pectoral fin (Ref. 110893, 114967); numerous small, scale-like teeth and feeds by filtering plankton with special sieve-like modifications of the gill bars (Ref. 26938). Compagno, L.J.V., D. Dando and S. Fowler 2005 Sharks of the world. Princeton field guides. Harper Collins Publishing Ltd., London. 368 p. (Ref. 58085) FB-Morphology-2081 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-11-29 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2081 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0 Compagno, L.J.V., D. Dando and S. Fowler 2005 Sharks of the world. Princeton field guides. Harper Collins Publishing Ltd., London. 368 p. (Ref. 58085) FB-Distribution-2081 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-23 00:00:00 2025-11-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2081 Circumglobal, all tropical and warm temperate seas except the Mediterranean. Compagno, L.J.V., D. Dando and S. Fowler 2005 Sharks of the world. Princeton field guides. Harper Collins Publishing Ltd., London. 368 p. (Ref. 58085) FB-Uses-2081 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2081 fisheries: commercial Compagno, L.J.V. 1998 Rhincodontidae. Whale sharks. pp. 163. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific Vol. 2. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 13571) Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247) FB-Migration-2081 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2081 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Maguire, J.-J., M. Sissenwine, J. Csirke, R. Grainger and S. Garcia 2006 The state of world highly migratory, straddling and other high seas fishery resources and associated species. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 495. Rome: FAO. 84p. (Ref. 87829) FB-LifeCycle-2081 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2081&StockCode=2276 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 35465). Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Late term embryos shed their egg case within the uterus at a size of 58 to 64 cm TL (ovovivipary). The smallest free-living species are from 55-56 cm long, the smallest of which had an umbilical scar. A pregnant female has recently been found with 300 embryos, the largest of which were 58-64 cm (Refs. 26346, 35678). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-2081 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1998-03-29 00:00:00 2023-12-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public typus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Found on the continental shelf (Ref. 75154); Dives to depths well into the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones (1,286 maximum depth) (Ref. 80381). Prefers surface water temperatures between 21-25°C and salinities of 34-35 ppt. Relies on a versatile suction filter-feeding method, which enables it to draw water into the mouth at higher velocities, thereby allowing it to capture larger, more active nektonic prey as well as zooplankton aggregations. Has been observed to feed passively by cruising with mouth agape. It feeds actively at dusk or after dark by opening their mouths and sucking in prey-rich water (Ref. 26319). A carnivore (Ref. 9137). Planktivorous (Ref. 129713). Colman, J.G. 1997 A review of the biology and ecology of the whale shark. J. Fish Biol. 51(6):1219-1234. (Ref. 26319) FB-Size-2081 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2081 1,700 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 48722)); 2000 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 34,000.0 kg (Ref. 48722); max. reported age: 80 years (Ref. 116781) Chen, C.-T., K.-W. Liu and S.-J. Young 1999 Preliminary report on Taiwan's whale shark fishery. pp. 162-167. In S.L. Fowler, T. Reid, and F.A. Dipper (eds.) Elasmobranch biodiversity, conservation and management. Proc. Int. Seminar and Workshop in Sabah, Malaysia. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. (Ref. 48722) Chen, C.-T., K.-W. Liu and S.-J. Young 1999 Preliminary report on Taiwan's whale shark fishery. pp. 162-167. In S.L. Fowler, T. Reid, and F.A. Dipper (eds.) Elasmobranch biodiversity, conservation and management. Proc. Int. Seminar and Workshop in Sabah, Malaysia. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. (Ref. 48722) Hsu, H.H., S.J. Joung, R.E. Hueter and K.M. Liu 2014 Age and growth of the whale shark (<i>Rhincodon typus</i>) in the north-western Pacific. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 65:1145-1154. (Ref. 116781) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-2081-1141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 2003-09-12 00:00:00 2003-09-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=2081&StockCode=2276 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Parasitic Copepod Infestation (general). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Anonymous 2003 Biological profiles: whale shark. Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History. http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/Whaleshark/whaleshark.html (Ref. 48714) FB-Habitat-2081 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2081 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromous (Ref. 87829); marine; depth range 0 - 1928 m (Ref. 106604), usually 0 - 100 m (Ref. 89972) Maguire, J.-J., M. Sissenwine, J. Csirke, R. Grainger and S. Garcia 2006 The state of world highly migratory, straddling and other high seas fishery resources and associated species. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 495. Rome: FAO. 84p. (Ref. 87829) Weigmann, S. 2016 Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. J. Fish Biol. 88(1):1-201. (Ref. 106604) Bacchet, P., T. Zysman and Y. Lefèvre 2006 Guide des poissons de Tahiti et ses îles. Tahiti (Polynésie Francaise): Éditions Au Vent des Îles. 608 p. (Ref. 89972)