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	<dc:identifier>FB-22555</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22555</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Elasmobranchii</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Rajiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Arhynchobatidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Notoraja</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Notoraja tobitukai (Hiyama, 1940)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Challenger skate</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Raspback skate</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Raspel-süvarai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Charenja-kasube</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Sokogangi-ei</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ko'>저자가오리</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Rasprog</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>勻棘深海鰩</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>匀棘深海鳐</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Raja isotrachys Günther, 1877</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1996-04-29</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-07-18</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=22556'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&amp;speccode=22556'>Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6797&amp;speccode=22556'>Ishihara, H. and R. Ishiyama0 Two new North Pacific skates (Rajidae) and a revised key to &lt;i&gt;Bathyraja&lt;/i&gt; in the area. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 32(2):143-179. (Ref. 6797)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8630&amp;speccode=22556'>Mould, B.0 A world list of rays. The scientific nomenclature and distribution of the recent Batoidea (Batoidea, Elasmobranchii, Chondrichthyes). University of Nottingham, [UK]. 82 p. (Ref. 8630)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13360&amp;speccode=22556'>Nakaya, K. and S. Shirai0 Fauna and zoogeography of deep-benthic chondrichthyan fishes around the Japanese Archipelago. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 39(1):37-48. (Ref. 13360)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27314&amp;speccode=22556'>McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn0 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=22556'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35509&amp;speccode=22556'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-8018-6048-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35766&amp;speccode=22556'>Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=22556'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41250&amp;speccode=22556'>Bor, P.0 Egg-capsules of sharks and skates. www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl/rogtabel.html (Ref. 41250)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41253&amp;speccode=22556'>Ishiyama, R.0 Fauna Japonica. Rajidae (Pisces). Biogeogr. Soc. Jpn. (Tokyo): i-vi, 1-82. (Ref. 41253)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41298&amp;speccode=22556'>Ishiyama, R.0 Studies on the rays and skates belonging to the family Rajidae, found in Japan and adjacent regions. 1. Egg-capsule of ten species. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 1:30-36. (Ref. 41298)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41724&amp;speccode=22556'>Pitruk, D.L. and V.V. Federov0 A new species of the genus &lt;i&gt;Osteodiscus&lt;/i&gt; Stein (Liparididae) from the Sea Okhotsk. J. Ichthyol. 30(8):112-118. (Ref. 41724)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43454&amp;speccode=22556'>Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47843&amp;speccode=22556'>Huang, Z.0 Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50449&amp;speccode=22556'>Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449)</reference>
	<reference isbn='5-8044-0308-7' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50550&amp;speccode=22556'>Fedorov, V.V., I.A. Chereshnev, M.V. Nazarkin, A.V. Shestakov and V.V. Volobuev0 Catalog of marine and freswater fishes of the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2003. 204 p. (Ref. 50550)</reference>
	<reference isbn='5-85857-003-8' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50610&amp;speccode=22556'>Russian Academy of Sciences0 Catalog of vertebrates of Kamchatka and adjacent waters. Kamchatsky Pechatny Dvor, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia. 166 p. (Ref. 50610)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51601&amp;speccode=22556'>Orlov, A.M.0 Demersal ichthyofauna of Pacific waters around the Kuril islands and Southeastern Kamchatka. Russ. J. Mar. Biol. 24(3):144-160. (Ref. 51601)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52075&amp;speccode=22556'>Orlov, A., A. Tokranov and R. Fatykhov0 Common deep-benthic skates (Rajidae) of the northwestern Pacific: Basic ecological and biological features. Cybium 30(4 suppl.):49-65. (Ref. 52075)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57879&amp;speccode=22556'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Science (CAFS)0 Database of genetic resources of aquatic organisms in China (as of January 2007). Chinese Academy of Fishery Science. (Ref. 57879)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=22556'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=77001&amp;speccode=22556'>Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim0 Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyo-Hak Pub Co. Seoul. 615p. (in Korean). (Ref. 77001)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=22556'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=22556'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=22556'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=22556'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=22556'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Oviparous.  Distinct pairing with embrace.  Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).  Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205).  Egg capsules are 10.6-13.2 cm long and 7.6-8.6 cm wide (Ref. 41298, 41253).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27314&amp;speccode=22556'>McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8630&amp;speccode=22556'>Mould, B. 1994 A world list of rays. The scientific nomenclature and distribution of the recent Batoidea (Batoidea, Elasmobranchii, Chondrichthyes). University of Nottingham, [UK]. 82 p. (Ref. 8630)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Oviparous, paired eggs are laid.  Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).  Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=22556'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>76.2 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 6797))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6797&amp;speccode=22556'>Ishihara, H. and R. Ishiyama 1985 Two new North Pacific skates (Rajidae) and a revised key to &lt;i&gt;Bathyraja&lt;/i&gt; in the area. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 32(2):143-179. (Ref. 6797)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>bathydemersal; marine; depth range 370 - 2000 m (Ref. 50550)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='5-8044-0308-7' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50550&amp;speccode=22556'>Fedorov, V.V., I.A. Chereshnev, M.V. Nazarkin, A.V. Shestakov and V.V. Volobuev 2003 Catalog of marine and freswater fishes of the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2003. 204 p. (Ref. 50550)</reference></dataObject>
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