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	<dc:identifier>FB-2262</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2262</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Cichliformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Cichlidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Caprichromis</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Caprichromis liemi (Mckaye &amp; Mackenzie, 1982)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Happy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Leukamalawinahven</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Utaka</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cyrtocara liemi McKaye &amp; Mackenzie, 1982</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Maravichromis liemi (McKaye &amp; MacKenzie, 1982)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1991-02-22</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>1997-09-25</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=2262'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=267&amp;speccode=2262'>Eccles, D.H. and E. Trewavas0 Malawian cichlid fishes: the classification of some haplochromine genera. Lake Fish Movies, West Germany. 334 p. (Ref. 267)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4888&amp;speccode=2262'>Mckaye, K.R. and C. Mackenzie0 &lt;i&gt;Cyrtocara liemi&lt;/i&gt;, a previously undescribed paedophagus cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi, Africa. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 95(2):398-402. (Ref. 4888)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4977&amp;speccode=2262'>Maréchal, C.0 Caprichromis. p. 36. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 4977)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5595&amp;speccode=2262'>Konings, A.0 Ad Konings's book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Malawi. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 495 p. (Ref. 5595)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12818&amp;speccode=2262'>Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33486&amp;speccode=2262'>Nsiku, E.0 Changes in the fisheries of Lake Malawi, 1976-1996: ecosystem-based analysis. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 217 p. M.Sc. thesis. (Ref. 33486)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=2262'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51086&amp;speccode=2262'>Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=55463&amp;speccode=2262'>Snoeks, J. (ed.)0 The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55463)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=55954&amp;speccode=2262'>Snoeks, J. and M. Hanssens0 Identification guidelines to other non-mbuna. p.266-310. In Snoeks, J. (ed.) The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55954)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=2262'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=2262'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=2262'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=2262'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1849954984' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128868&amp;speccode=2262'>Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. 	Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1991-02-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>1997-09-25 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>Found over sandy bottom  but frequently stays in midwater.  A specialized predator which steals brood from females by ramming the head from below.  Stomach contents revealed only eggs, larvae and fry (Ref. 5595).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4977&amp;speccode=2262'>Maréchal, C. 1991 Caprichromis. p. 36. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 4977)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-2262</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Emmanuel Kaunda</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1992-11-24 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2005-12-08 23:02:52</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:description>Diagnosis: deeper bodied with generally a somewhat thicker oblique stripe on the body and a less oblique mouth than C. orthognathus (Ref. 55954).Description: head profile concave in larger specimens, nearly straight in smaller specimens; caudal fin emarginate (Ref. 4888).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4888&amp;speccode=2262'>Mckaye, K.R. and C. Mackenzie 1982 &lt;i&gt;Cyrtocara liemi&lt;/i&gt;, a previously undescribed paedophagus cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi, Africa. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 95(2):398-402. (Ref. 4888)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Morphology-2262</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Emmanuel Kaunda</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1992-11-24 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2005-12-08 23:02:52</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2262</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 16 - 18; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 12;  Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 7 - 10</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4888&amp;speccode=2262'>Mckaye, K.R. and C. Mackenzie 1982 &lt;i&gt;Cyrtocara liemi&lt;/i&gt;, a previously undescribed paedophagus cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi, Africa. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 95(2):398-402. (Ref. 4888)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1991-02-25 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Africa:  Endemic to Lake Malawi.  Occurs in Cape Maclear, Nkhata Bay, and Thumbi West Island.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4977&amp;speccode=2262'>Maréchal, C. 1991 Caprichromis. p. 36. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 4977)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-2262</dc:identifier>
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	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2262</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5595&amp;speccode=2262'>Konings, A. 1990 Ad Konings's book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Malawi. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 495 p. (Ref. 5595)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5595&amp;speccode=2262'>Konings, A. 1990 Ad Konings's book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Malawi. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 495 p. (Ref. 5595)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-2262</dc:identifier>
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	<dc:source>liemi</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>Feeds on fish and fish eggs (Ref. 4888).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4888&amp;speccode=2262'>Mckaye, K.R. and C. Mackenzie 1982 &lt;i&gt;Cyrtocara liemi&lt;/i&gt;, a previously undescribed paedophagus cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi, Africa. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 95(2):398-402. (Ref. 4888)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-2262</dc:identifier>
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	<dcterms:created>1991-02-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>19.1 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4977))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4977&amp;speccode=2262'>Maréchal, C. 1991 Caprichromis. p. 36. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 4977)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>benthopelagic; freshwater</dc:description>
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