FB-22633 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22633 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Siluriformes Plotosidae Anodontiglanis Anodontiglanis dahli Rendahl, 1922 Stynka azjatycka Eperlano-árctico Arktisk smelt Asiatischer Stint Arctic rainbow smelt Arctic smelt boreal smelt Pacific rainbow smelt Rainbow smelt Eperlan arc-en-ciel Éperlan arc-en-ciel Éperlan du Pacifique Eetooknuit Ilhuagnik Iqaluarak Qaluarak Kyûri-uo キュウリウオ Koryushka корюшка зубастая огуречник Arktisk Nors Regnbågsnors Eperlano arco iris ilhuagnig ithuagniq Kweles 亚洲胡瓜鱼 亞洲胡瓜魚 Osmerus eperlanus dentex Steindachner & Kner, 1870 Osmerus mordax (non Mitchill, 1814) Osmerus mordax dentex Steindachner & Kner, 1870 1996-04-30 2024-08-12 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström0 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556) Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman0 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann0 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) McAllister, D.E.0 Osmeridae. p. 399-402. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. 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(Ref. 10882) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937) Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans0 British Columbia tidal waters sport fishing guide 1995-1996. Canadian Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans. (Ref. 11007) Evermann, B.W. and E.L. Goldsborough0 The fishes of Alaska. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 26: 219-360. (Ref. 11366) McAllister, D.E.0 A list of the fishes of Canada. Syllogeus No. 64. Nat. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ottawa, Canada. 310 p. (Ref. 11980) Hugg, D.O.0 MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. and Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater, Maryland, USA. (Ref. 12193) Tokranov, A.M. and V.V. Maksimenkov0 Feeding habits of predatory fishes in the Bol'shaya River estuary (West Kamchatka). J. Ichthyol. 35(9):102-112. (Ref. 12531) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. 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Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Danko, J.P.0 Building a reliable database from a native oral tradition using fish-related terms from the Saanich language. p. 29-33. In D. Pauly, T. Pitcher and D. Preikshot (eds.) Back to the future: reconstructing the Strait of Georgia Ecosystem. 99 p. The Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. Canada. (Ref. 33536) Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein0 Food of northwest Atlantic fishes and two common species of squid. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NE 155, 138 p. (Ref. 37512) Huh, S.H. and Y.R. An0 Species composition and seasonal variation of fish assemblage in the coastal water off Gadeok-do, Korea. J. Korean Fish. Soc. 33(4):288-301. (Ref. 37629) Pietsch, T.W., K. Amaoka, D.E. Stevenson, E.L. MacDonald, B.K. Urbain and J.A. López0 Freshwater fishes of the Kuril Islands and adjacent regions. Species Diversity 6:133-164. (Ref. 37812) Vasilets, P.M.0 On scale structure and growth rate of the Pacific smelt <i>Osmerus mordax dentex</i> (Osmeridae) from the Kamchatka waters during the first two years of life. J. Ichthyol. 40(5):397-401. (Ref. 38433) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Anonymous0 Freshwater fish collection database of the National Science Museum. National Science Museum, 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan. (Ref. 41827) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal British Columbia Museum. Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria BC, Canada V8V 1X4. (Ref. 42125) Maksimenkov, V.V. and A.M. Tokranov0 Diet of larval smelt, <i>Osmerus mordax dentex</i>, in the estuary of the Bol'shaya River (western Kamchatka). J. Ichthyol. 33(5):150-154. (Ref. 42146) Andriyashev, A.P. and N.V. Chernova0 Annotated list of fishlike vertebrates and fish of the Arctic seas and adjacent waters. J. Ichthyol. 35(1):81-123. (Ref. 43202) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Ricker, W.E.0 Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa. (Ref. 48321) Fedorov, V.V., I.A. Chereshnev, M.V. Nazarkin, A.V. Shestakov and V.V. Volobuev0 Catalog of marine and freswater fishes of the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2003. 204 p. (Ref. 50550) Riede, K.0 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Haldorson, L. and P. Craig0 Life history and ecology of a Pacific-Arctic population of rainbow smelt in coastal waters of the Beaufort Sea. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 113(1):33-38. (Ref. 52220) Bogutskaya, N.G.0 Compilation of 70 ecoregion in Russia with about 700 species. Compilation of Nina Bogutskaya. Excel file. (Ref. 55804) Kravchuk, V.A.0 Arctic rainbow smelt - Osmerus eperlanus dentex Steindachner. P. 197-202 in Pravdin, I.F. and P.L. Pirozhnikov (Eds.). Commercial fishes of Ob and Enisey and their use. Izv. VNIORH 44. Moscow, Pishchepromizdat. (Ref. 56483) Podlesnyi, A.V.0 Fishes of Enisey, their environments and use. P. 97-178 in Pravdin, I.F. and P.L. Pirozhnikov (Eds.). Commercial fishes of Ob and Enisey and their use. Izv. VNIORH 44. Moscow, Pishchepromizdat. (Ref. 56502) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka0 REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Amur River Drainage Area in Russia. In Website and Database: "Freshwater Fishes of Russia": A Source of Information on the Current State of the Fauna. Zoological Institute RAS. (Ref. 58298) Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka0 REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Sakhalin Island. In Website and Database: "Freshwater Fishes of Russia": A Source of Information on the Current State of the Fauna. Zoological Institute RAS. (Ref. 58299) Jang, M.-H., J.-G. Kim, S.-B. Park, K.-S. Jeong, G.-I. Cho and G.-J. Joo0 The current status of the distribution of introduced fish in large river systems of South Korea. Internat. Rev. Hydrobiol. 87(2-3):319-328. (Ref. 58345) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof0 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) Missouri Department of Conservation0 Fish of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation. (Ref. 78789) Kljukanov, V.A. and D.E. McAllister0 Osmeridae. p. 158-159. In J.C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 84513) Collette, B.B. and G. Klein-MacPhee (eds.)0 Bigelow and Schroeder’s fishes of the Gulf of Maine, third ed. Caldwell, N.J. : Blackburn Press, 577 p.: ill.; 27 cm. (Ref. 86779) Mecklenburg, K.C., P.R. Møller and D. Steinke0 Biodiversity of the Arctic marine fishes: taxonomy and zoogeography. Marine Biodiversity 41(1):109-140. (Ref. 86838) Page, L.M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden and J.S. Nelson0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada and Mexico, 7th edition. Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, 384 p. (Ref. 96293) Taylor, E.B. and K. Tan0 Guide to the freshwater fishes of British Columbia. 1st edit. Vancouver (BC, Canada): Beaty Biodiversity Museum, 18 p. (Ref. 112251) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Saks, L.0 Estonian Common Names, Rank 2. Personal communication (Ref. 116654) Saks, L.0 Estonian Common Names, Rank 4. Personal communication (Ref. 116655) Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist0 Marine fishes of Arctic Canada. Toronto (ON, Canada): University of Toronto Press. xiii+618 p. (Ref. 117245) Thorsteinson, L.K. and M.S. Love0 Alaska Arctic marine fish ecology catalog. Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5038. (Ref. 121277) Dolgov, A.V.0 Annotated list of fish-like vertebrates and fish of the Kara Sea. J. Ichthyol. 53(11):914-922. (Ref. 124011) NOAA0 Environmental assessment of the Alaskan continental shelf. Final Reports of Principal Investigators 7:678p. (Ref. 124299) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Dodson, J.J., J. Laroche and F. Lecomte0 Contrasting evolutionary pathways of anadromy in euleostean fishes. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:63-77. (Ref. 138124) FB-GeneralDescr-22635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-04-30 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22635 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Inhabits brackish water of estuaries, lagoons, coastal shallows and bays, and fresh water in lowland and piedmont rivers (Ref. 59043). A schooling species that inhabits lakes or inshore coastal waters (Ref. 1998). Pelagic at the sea where it occurs at 4-8 m depth (Ref. 59043). In the spring, it leaves the sea or the lake and ascends freshwater streams to spawn. Some remain in fresh water throughout their lives (Ref. 1998); those that enter the sea stay within 8 to 10 km of the shore and probably do not stray far along the coast from the estuary (Ref. 28996). Spawns in rapids, in clear water, over stone-gravel bottom and at depth of 0.2-0.5 m (Ref. 59043). Possibly found up to 425 m depth (Ref. 6793). Young-of-the-year feed mostly on copepods and cladocerans, also rotifers, eggs and algae; adults feed on small crustaceans, fishes and shellfish, also squid, worms, and various insects (Ref. 27547). Feeding virtually ceases during spawning (Ref. 27547). Females grow faster, get bigger and live longer than males (Ref. 27547). Highly esteemed as a food fish ever since white men came to North America (Ref. 27547). Flesh is firm and tasty (Ref. 27547). Mecklenburg, K.C., P.R. Møller and D. Steinke 2011 Biodiversity of the Arctic marine fishes: taxonomy and zoogeography. Marine Biodiversity 41(1):109-140. (Ref. 86838) FB-DiagnosticDescr-22635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-09-05 00:00:00 1999-06-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22635 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Adipose small, sickle shaped (Ref. 6885). Olive green above, shading to silvery below, a bright clearly bounded longitudinal silvery band, becoming dark in preserved specimens; speckled with black on top of head, chin and upper part of body, more plentifully along mid-dorsal line (Ref. 6885). Hart, J.L. 1973 Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180:740 p. (Ref. 6885) FB-Morphology-22635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-09-05 00:00:00 1999-06-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22635 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 11; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 12 - 16; Vertebrae: 63 - 68 Hart, J.L. 1973 Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180:740 p. (Ref. 6885) FB-Distribution-22635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-04-30 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22635 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size North Pacific and Arctic: Wonsan, North Korea and the Sea of Okhotsk to Barkley Sound, British Columbia, north to the Bering Sea and the Arctic (Ref. 6793). Estuaries and coastal waters of European and Siberian shores of Arctic ocean from White Sea to Chukota in eastern Siberia (Ref. 59043). Allen, M.J. and G.B. Smith 1988 Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the Bering Sea and northeastern Pacific. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 66, 151 p. (Ref. 6793) FB-Uses-22635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-04-30 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22635 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans 1995 British Columbia tidal waters sport fishing guide 1995-1996. Canadian Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans. (Ref. 11007) FB-Migration-22635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-04-30 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22635 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Dodson, J.J., J. Laroche and F. Lecomte 2009 Contrasting evolutionary pathways of anadromy in euleostean fishes. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:63-77. (Ref. 138124) FB-LifeCycle-22635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-04-30 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=22635&StockCode=17976 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Rainbow smelt usually return to natal streams to spawn but degree of homing varies from one population to another and may be genetically controlled (Ref. 11226, 30367). Movement into the streams begins when water temperatures reach 2° to 4°C or higher. The upstream run is generally short, at most a few km (Ref. 11226, 28996). Movement to spawning grounds are usually made at night. Males reach spawning grounds an hour or so before the females. Spawning is initiated, at least in part, by the presence of the proper sex ratio in the group, which has been indicated to be no more than four males to one female (Ref. 30366, 30374). The spawning group crowd together and move upstream. Body contact between a male and female brings about a release of sperm and eggs. Only a few eggs are extruded at each spawning act (Ref. 30366), so that the act is repeated over several hours each night for several nights until all eggs are extruded. After each evening's activities, most drift downstream to the larger body of water whence they came to the spawning grounds. Some, mostly males, may remain in the spawning stream during the day. Many spawned-out fish, especially males, die after spawning, but those that survive will spawn again the following year (Ref. 27547). Lake shore spawners on the other hand move inshore in small schools and swim about over rather restricted areas, apparently without any distinct pairing. The composition of the schools change constantly, for individual fish apparently engage in spawning activities for only 15 to 30 minutes at a time, then leave the school (Ref. 30374, 30376). Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-TrophicStrategy-22635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-05-22 00:00:00 2001-05-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public dentex http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Sensitive to light and temperature. They do not inhabit flowing streams or rivers except at spawning time. Exhibit pronounced postspawning mortality. Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-Size-22635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-04-30 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22635 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 34.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 59043)); max. published weight: 119 g (Ref. 56483); max. reported age: 11 years (Ref. 59043) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) Kravchuk, V.A. 1958 Arctic rainbow smelt - Osmerus eperlanus dentex Steindachner. P. 197-202 in Pravdin, I.F. and P.L. Pirozhnikov (Eds.). Commercial fishes of Ob and Enisey and their use. Izv. VNIORH 44. Moscow, Pishchepromizdat. (Ref. 56483) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-22635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-04-30 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22635 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat pelagic-neritic; anadromous (Ref. 138124); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 290 m (Ref. 50550) Dodson, J.J., J. Laroche and F. Lecomte 2009 Contrasting evolutionary pathways of anadromy in euleostean fishes. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:63-77. (Ref. 138124) Fedorov, V.V., I.A. Chereshnev, M.V. Nazarkin, A.V. Shestakov and V.V. Volobuev 2003 Catalog of marine and freswater fishes of the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2003. 204 p. (Ref. 50550)