FB-228 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=228 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Albuliformes Albulidae Albula Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) Punnikowa Vorsa Bulan-bulan Chaol diong Tarpon indyjski Tarpão do Indo-pacifico Tarpão-do-Indo-Pacífico Osoog-tarpon Buwan-buwan Mulan-bulan Nga-kun-nya Nga-la-ywet Buan-buan Salongsong Tarpon indický Stillehavstarpon Indopazifischer Tarpun Pazifischer Tarpun Bastard mullet Bonefish Bony mullet Broussonet tarpon Indo-Pacific tarpon Ladyfish Moonfish Oxeye Oxeye herring Ox-eye herring Oxeye tarpon Tarpon Ten-pounder Indopatsiifiline tarpoon Vuvula Yavula Pikkutarponi Alose Lubine Tarpon Tarpon Indo-Pacifique Bulgan Silag Tewal Seleh Trupang Hairen Isegoi イセゴイ（ハイレン） Alanku 풀잉어 Cunnay Nanchil Palankanni Valathan Velathan കൂഞ കൂഞ  നച്ചില്  നച്ചില്   പാലാംകണ്ണി പാലാങ്കണ്ണി പാലാന് കണ്ണി പാലാന്കണ്ണി വാളതാന് വെളതാന് വെളതാന്  Chirai Vadas चिराइ वादास Banang Banang pipih Bandaran Bulan Bulan bulan Bulan-bulan Ikan bulan Lian hu Pipih Makosa Indo-tikhookeanskiy tarpon Ana'analagi Fa Dooldool Samaduul Cheche Pawale Stillahavstarpon Ropa Mooran kendai Morankendai Moran-kendai Morua Rackan குருவ  முரன் கெண்டை  முரன்கெண்டை  முரன்கெண்டை   மூரன் கென்டை மொருவா மோரன் கென்‍டை ராக்கன்  ரேக்கன் Kudinga Kundinga Paniackiya కుండింగ  కుడింగ  పనియకీయ  Buan buan Buan-buan Cá Cháo lớn Tarpón del Indo-Pacífico Tarpón Indo-Pacífico Abulong Bekalana Bekapoka Besisika Bokalana Bourgandet Buburena Bulan bulan Buyan-buyan Bunpis Buobuan Hutik Ikan bulan Ileya Illeya Kampulan Karlanyjarri Mana Mandecdec Mareva N'taya Pacifiški tarpon Puloon Sardina kobi Sardi Seleh Tazanda Trupang Uláwa U-u-la Wayoo 哽死貓 大海鰱 大海鲢 大眼海鰱 大眼海鲢 海庵 Brisbania staigeri Castelnau, 1878 Clupea cyprinoides Broussonet, 1782 Clupea gigantea Shaw, 1804 Clupea thrissoides Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Cyprinodon cundinga Hamilton, 1822 Elops cundinga (Hamilton, 1822) Elops cyprinoides (Broussonet, 1782) Magalops cyprinoides (Broussonet, 1782) Megalops cundinga (Hamilton, 1822) Megalops curtifilis Richardson, 1846 Megalops cyoprinoides (Broussonet, 1782) Megalops filamentosus Lacepède, 1803 Megalops giganteus (Shaw, 1804) Megalops indicus Valenciennes, 1847 Megalops kundinga Bleeker, 1866 Megalops macrophthalmus Bleeker, 1851 Megalops macropterus Bleeker, 1866 Megalops oligolepis Bleeker, 1866 Megalops setipinnis Richardson, 1843 1990-10-17 2016-03-04 Schuster, W.H.0 Synopsis of biological data on milkfish <i>Chanos chanos</i> (Forsskål), 1775. 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Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Miles, N.G., C.T. Walsh, G. Butler, H. Ueda and R.J. West0 Australian diadromous fishes - challenges and solutions for understanding migrations in the 21st century. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 65:12-24. (Ref. 138274) FB-pic-227-10375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2010-07-22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=227 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Mecyp_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Mecyp_u0.gif FB-pic-227-13416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-02-18 1997-02-18 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=227 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Mecyp_u2.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Mecyp_u2.gif FB-pic-227-23006 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-06-15 2024-06-03 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=227 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats mangrove http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Mecyp_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Mecyp_u2.jpg FB-pic-227-23007 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-06-15 2000-06-27 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=227 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Mecyp_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Mecyp_u3.jpg FB-pic-227-44173 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Information Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2006-04-06 2006-04-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=227 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Mecyp_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Mecyp_u4.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-227 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-17 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=227 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Adults are generally found at sea, but young inhabit river mouths, inner bays, and mangrove forests. In freshwater, they occur in rivers, lagoons, lakes, and swampy backwaters (Ref. 2847, 44894). Tolerate a wide pH range (5.2-9.1) (Ref. 44894) and salinities from 0 to 100. Mainly diurnal (Ref. 7017). Predaceous, feeding mainly on fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Breed offshore, possibly throughout the year. Larvae are transparent and resemble larval eels (Ref. 13337), but with a forked tail (Ref. 167). Juveniles commonly enter freshwater (Ref. 44894, 48635) in clear or turbid water (Ref. 44894). Known to breath air, rising regularly to the surface to do so. Cultured in ponds, the fry being sourced from the coasts (Ref. 7050). Popular angling fish (Ref. 3969). Edible but not esteemed (Ref. 3969). Caught by gill nets, seines, and trawls, and by hook-and-line; marketed fresh and dried salted (Ref. 10982). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1984 Megalopidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3463) FB-DiagnosticDescr-227 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-05-18 00:00:00 2023-11-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=227 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Description: Body streamlined and compressed (Ref. 52193). Eye large; mouth large, lower jaw projects beyond snout; a bony gular plate present between the jaw bones; teeth extremely fine (Ref. 52193, 10982). Dorsal fin with 16-21 rays; anal fin with 23-31 rays; dorsal fin with last fin ray extended into a long filament, directly over pelvic fins; pectoral fins low on side of body near ventral margin; abdominal pelvic fins with 9 or more rays; caudal fin deeply forked (Ref. 52193, 10982). Scales large; lateral line scales 36-42; prominent elongate scales at base of paired fins; head without scales (Ref. 52193, 10982). Can tolerate oxygen-poor water by 'breathing' air into a modified lung-like swimbladder (Ref. 10982).Colouration: Blue-green dorsally; silver on sides (Ref. 10982). Smith, D.G. 1997 Megalopidae. Tarpons. p. 1621-1622. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 10982) FB-Morphology-227 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-05-18 00:00:00 2023-11-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=227 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 21; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 23 - 31 Smith, D.G. 1997 Megalopidae. Tarpons. p. 1621-1622. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 10982) FB-Distribution-227 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2023-11-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=227 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964), Red Sea and Natal, South Africa (Ref. 3969) to the Society Islands, north to southern Korea, south to the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and New South Wales. Restricted to high islands (Palau, Caroline and Mariana islands) in Micronesia. Reported as far inland as the lower Shire in Malawi and the Save-Runde junction in Zimbabwe (Ref. 7248, 52193). Widespread in the Lower Zambezi River channels up to Marromeu and in the Micelo River up to Malingapanzi (Ref. 39494). South China Sea, Taiwan Strait, and East China Sea(Ref.33302). Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Uses-227 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-17 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=227 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: low; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species Whitehead, P.J.P. 1984 Megalopidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3463) Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo 1993 Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 221 p. (Ref. 7050) Smith, D.G. 1997 Megalopidae. Tarpons. p. 1621-1622. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 10982) Pethiyagoda, R. 1991 Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo. 362 p. (Ref. 6028) FB-Migration-227 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=227 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Catadromous. Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g., European eels. Subdivision of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Miles, N.G., C.T. Walsh, G. Butler, H. Ueda and R.J. West 2014 Australian diadromous fishes - challenges and solutions for understanding migrations in the 21st century. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 65:12-24. (Ref. 138274) FB-TrophicStrategy-227 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-07-11 00:00:00 2018-04-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public cyprinoides http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Adults are generally found at sea, but young inhabit river mouths, inner bays, and mangrove forests. In freshwater, it occurs in rivers, lagoons, lakes, and swampy backwaters (Ref. 2847). Tolerate salinities from 0 to 100. Mainly diurnal (Ref. 7017). Predaceous, feeding mainly on fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Breed offshore, possibly throughout the year. Larvae are transparent and resemble larval eels (Ref. 13337). Juveniles commonly enter freshwater (Ref. 48635). Also in Ref. 9137. Coates, D. 1987 Observations on the biology of tarpon, <i>Megalops cyprinoides</i> (Broussonet) (Pisces: Megalopidae), in the Sepik River, northern Papua New Guinea. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 38(4):529-535. (Ref. 7017) FB-Size-227 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-17 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=227 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 150 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 1479)); max. published weight: 18.0 kg (Ref. 13337); max. reported age: 44 years (Ref. 72487) Rahman, A.K.A. 1989 Freshwater fishes of Bangladesh. Zoological Society of Bangladesh. Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka. 364 p. (Ref. 1479) Bell-Cross, G. and J.L. Minshull 1988 The fishes of Zimbabwe. National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. 294 p. (Ref. 13337) Kulkarni, C.V. 1983 Longevity of fish <i>Megalops cyprinoides</i> (Broiss). J. of the Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 80:230-232. (Ref. 72487) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-227-376 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-08-26 00:00:00 2002-08-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=227&StockCode=241 Transversotrema Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Habitat-227 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-17 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=227 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy benthopelagic; catadromous (Ref. 138274); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 50 m (Ref. 86942) Miles, N.G., C.T. Walsh, G. Butler, H. Ueda and R.J. West 2014 Australian diadromous fishes - challenges and solutions for understanding migrations in the 21st century. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 65:12-24. (Ref. 138274) Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez 2011 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942)