FB-22815 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22815 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Gobiiformes Microdesmidae Microdesmus Microdesmus africanus Dawson, 1979 Langneus-seeperdjie Flat-faced seahorse Longnose seahorse Low-crowned seahorse Smooth seahorse Three-spot seahorse Three-spotted Seahorse Takakuratatsu конек пятнистый морской Cá Ngựa chấm 三斑海馬 三斑海马 低冠海馬 低冠海马 西仓海马 西倉海馬 Hippocampus kampylotrachelos Bleeker, 1854 Hippocampus lenis De Vis, 1908 Hippocampus manadensis Bleeker, 1856 Hippocampus mannulus Cantor, 1849 Hippocampus takakurae Tanaka, 1916 1996-05-09 2021-10-11 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Fowler, H.W. and B.A. Bean0 Contribution to the biology of the Philippine archipelago and adjacent regions. 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Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 11 January 2023 and 25 November 2023. UNEP. (Ref. 128078) To, A.W.L., K.S.H. Ching and S.K.H. Shea0 Hong Kong reef fish photo guide. Eco-Education and Resources Centre (Ref. 128523) Foster, S.J.0 Implementation of CITES Appendix II listing for seahorses in the context of export bans and suspensions. Fisheries Centre Research Report 31(3):306 pp. (Ref. 129070) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III. UNEP. (Ref. 131153) Camins, E., L.M. Stanton, M.J. Correia, S.J. Foster, H.J. Koldewey and A.C.J. Vincent0 Advances in life‐history knowledge for 35 seahorse species from community science. J. Fish Biol. 104(5):1548-1565. (Ref. 137497) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-22816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1996-05-09 00:00:00 2021-10-19 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22816 Inhabits gravel or sand bottoms around shallow reefs (Ref. 559); muddy estuaries and near mangroves, tolerating brackish waters (Ref. 48635). Occur singly or in pairs (Ref. 128523). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster 2016 A global revision of the seahorses <i>Hippocampus</i> Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref. 115213) FB-DiagnosticDescr-22816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-01-07 00:00:00 2005-02-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22816 Description: (based on 54 specimens): Adult height: 8.0-15.0cm. Rings: 11+40-41 (38-43). Snout length: 2.2 (1.9-2.4) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 20 (18-22) covering 2+1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 17-18 (16-19). Coronet: very low, in line with arch of neck, visible as five tiny points. Spines: low and small to slightly raised. Other distinctive characters: very sharp hook-like cheek and eye spines; quite flat in appearance; narrow head; no nose spine.Color pattern: golden orange, sandy colored or totally black; may have large dark spots on the dorsolateral surface of the first, fourth and seventh trunk ring (less visible in dark specimens, and more common in males than females); some specimens ‘zebra striped’ in brown and white. Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915) FB-Morphology-22816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-01-07 00:00:00 2005-02-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 18 - 22; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 4 Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915) FB-Distribution-22816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1996-05-09 00:00:00 2024-07-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Indo-West Pacific: India to Tahiti; north to Japan, south to Indonesia. Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster 2016 A global revision of the seahorses <i>Hippocampus</i> Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref. 115213) FB-Uses-22816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1996-05-09 00:00:00 2021-10-19 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial Xu, G. 1985 Fish mariculture studies in China. ICLARM Newsl. 8(4):5-6. (Ref. 31845) FB-LifeCycle-22816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1996-05-09 00:00:00 2021-10-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=22816&StockCode=18101 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Male carries the eggs in a brood pouch (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-22816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2001-05-29 00:00:00 2023-08-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public trimaculatus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Inhabits gravel or sand bottoms around shallow reefs (Ref. 559); muddy estuaries and near mangroves, tolerating brackish waters (Ref. 48635), seagrass (Ref. 128812), and soft bottom areas with sand and silt (Ref. 129070). Occur singly or in pairs (Ref. 128523). Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen 1993 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137) FB-Size-22816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1996-05-09 00:00:00 2021-10-19 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses 22.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 48635)) Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka 2001 Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 1. Eels- Snappers, Muraenidae - Lutjanidae. Zoonetics, Australia. 1-302. (Ref. 48635) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-22816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1996-05-09 00:00:00 2021-10-19 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 0 - 100 m (Ref. 52034), usually ? - 20 m (Ref. 30915) Foster, S.J. and A.C.J. Vincent 2004 Life history and ecology of seahorses: implications for conservation and management. J. Fish Biol. 65(1):1-61. (Ref. 52034) Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915)