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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-2318</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2318</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Siluriformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Clariidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Heterobranchus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Heterobranchus bidorsalis Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Ngaru</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Surta</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>African catfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Catfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ee'>Adewudzea</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Kyrmyahmattimonni</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Poisson-chat africain</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Denor</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ha'>Fussan</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ha'>Mari</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ha'>Ramboshe</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ha'>Ramboshi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ig'>Azu isii</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='kr'>Kairo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Daawa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kaaranxulle</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Nexenbinne</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='wo'>Biblique</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='yo'>Aso</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Pez-gato africano</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bô</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Boï</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Boin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Buhun</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Coro</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Cur</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Fusan</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Giyoko</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Mudfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ngaru</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ngeedo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Seega</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Toruye</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>双背鳍异鳃鲶</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>雙背鰭異鰓鯰</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Heterobranchus geoffroyi Valenciennes, 1840</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Heterobranchus intermedius Günther, 1864</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Heterobranchus senegalensis Valenciennes, 1840</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Hetrobranchus bidorsalis Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1991-02-27</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-22</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=270&amp;speccode=2318'>Teugels, G.G., B. Denayer and M. Legendre0 A systematic revision of the African catfish genus &lt;i&gt;Heterobranchus&lt;/i&gt; Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, 1809 (Pisces: Clariidae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 98:237-257. (Ref. 270)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=367&amp;speccode=2318'>Blache, J.0 Les poissons du bassin du Tchad et du bassin adjacent du Mayo Kebbi. Étude systématique et biologique. Mém. O.R.S.T.O.M. 4(2):483 p. (Ref. 367)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3538&amp;speccode=2318'>Samb, B.0 pers. comm. Centre de Recherches Océanographiques de Dakar-Thiaroye, Dakar, Sénégal. (Ref. 3538)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3799&amp;speccode=2318'>Ita, E.O.0 Kainji (Nigeria). p. 43-103. In J.M. Kapetsky and T. Petr (eds.) Status of African reservoir fisheries. CIFA Tech. Pap. 10:326 p. (Ref. 3799)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3820&amp;speccode=2318'>Teugels, G.G.0 Clariidae. p. 66-101. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels, MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3820)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=2318'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7357&amp;speccode=2318'>Teugels, G.G.0 Clariidae. p. 468-495. In C. Levêque, D. Paugy, and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest Tome 2. Coll. Faune Tropicale n° 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique and O.R.S.T.O.M., Paris, France, 902. (Ref. 7357)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12818&amp;speccode=2318'>Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130826&amp;speccode=2318'>Da, N., K. Diop, G. Djidohokpin, Y. Ndiour, A. Bolonga, J. Snoeks and T. Musschoot0 Length-weight and length-length relationships of 48 Senegalese freshwater fish species based on collection specimens. Cybium 47(3):259-270. (Ref. 130826)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=2318'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1991-02-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-22 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>Hardly anything is known about the biology of this species (Ref. 78218). Maximum reported size for West Africa: 800 mm TL (Ref. 57129).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=270&amp;speccode=2318'>Teugels, G.G., B. Denayer and M. Legendre 1990 A systematic revision of the African catfish genus &lt;i&gt;Heterobranchus&lt;/i&gt; Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, 1809 (Pisces: Clariidae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 98:237-257. (Ref. 270)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Diagnosis: length of rayed dorsal fin 37-42% standard length; 40-46 dorsal-fin rays; length of adipose fin 22-27% standard length (Ref. 57129). No serrations on the anterior part of the pectoral spine (Ref. 270, 57129). Head oval-shaped to rectangular dorsally; snout broadly rounded; eyes rather laterally placed; frontal fontanelle long and narrow; occipital fontanelle relatively long and oval shaped; 'postorbital' bones completely united; suprabranchial organ well developed; pectoral spine smooth; openings of secondary sensory canals with regular geometric pattern (Ref. 270).Coloration: preserved specimens: greyish-brown on back and sides, pale brown on belly; some specimens show a marbled colouration, particularly on posterior part of body; caudal fin often with one or more vertical cross-bars (Ref. 57129). Body and fins occasionally with irregularly placed spots (Ref. 270).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=270&amp;speccode=2318'>Teugels, G.G., B. Denayer and M. Legendre 1990 A systematic revision of the African catfish genus &lt;i&gt;Heterobranchus&lt;/i&gt; Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, 1809 (Pisces: Clariidae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 98:237-257. (Ref. 270)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 40 - 46; Analsoft rays: 49 - 58; Vertebrae: 62 - 63</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=270&amp;speccode=2318'>Teugels, G.G., B. Denayer and M. Legendre 1990 A systematic revision of the African catfish genus &lt;i&gt;Heterobranchus&lt;/i&gt; Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, 1809 (Pisces: Clariidae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 98:237-257. (Ref. 270)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Africa:  Nile (Ref. 3820), Senegal, Gambia, Volta,Niger, Benue rivers and Lake Chad (Ref. 57129).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57129&amp;speccode=2318'>Teugels, G.G. 2003 Clariidae. p. 144-173 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57129)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=28265&amp;speccode=2318'>Anonymous 1998 Fisheries statistical bulletin, Kainji Lake, Northern Nigeria, 1997. Nigerian-German Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project Technical Report Series 9. 29pp. (Ref. 28265)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>150 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 3820)); max. published weight: 30.0 kg (Ref. 3799)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3820&amp;speccode=2318'>Teugels, G.G. 1986 Clariidae. p. 66-101. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels, MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3820)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3799&amp;speccode=2318'>Ita, E.O. 1984 Kainji (Nigeria). p. 43-103. In J.M. Kapetsky and T. Petr (eds.) Status of African reservoir fisheries. CIFA Tech. Pap. 10:326 p. (Ref. 3799)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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