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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-23466</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=23466</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Acanthuriformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Leiognathidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Equulites</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Equulites rivulatus (Temminck &amp; Schlegel, 1845)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Acari</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>acarí</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Acarí</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Bacu puá</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Camboatá</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>cascudo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Cascudo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Cascudo asa branca</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Cascudo cachichô</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Cascudo cinzento</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Cascudo comum</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Cascudo panaque</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Cascudo prêto</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Cascudo trepa pau</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Cascudo-chocolate</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Coroncho</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Guacarí</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Iarú urá</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Jaruitaquara</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Pirá tatu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Uará urá</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Uacarí</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Vieja</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Yaru itacura</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Catfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='gn'>pirá-tatú</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='gn'>yarú-itacuá</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>limpiavidrio</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>vieja</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>vieja de agua</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Vieja de agua</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>vieja de rio</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Vieja negra</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>康氏吸口鯰</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>康氏吸口鲶</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Hypostomus comersoni Valenciennes, 1836</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Hypostomus commersonii Valenciennes, 1836</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Plecostomus commersoni (Valenciennes, 1836)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Plecostomus commersonii (Valenciennes, 1836)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1996-05-27</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-04-29</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=23467'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6868&amp;speccode=23467'>Burgess, W.E.0 An atlas of freshwater and marine catfishes. A preliminary survey of the Siluriformes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey (USA). 784 p. (Ref. 6868)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7020&amp;speccode=23467'>Mills, D. and G. Vevers0 The Tetra encyclopedia of freshwater tropical aquarium fishes. Tetra Press, New Jersey. 208 p. (Ref. 7020)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31402&amp;speccode=23467'>Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=23467'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=23467'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='85-7430-361-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36817&amp;speccode=23467'>Weber, C.0 Loricariidae - Hypostominae (Armored catfishes). p. 351-372. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36817)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='8532802893' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=79585&amp;speccode=23467'>Zaniboni Filho, E., S. Meurer, O.A. Shibatta and A.P. de Oliverira Nuñer0 Catálogo ilustrado de peixes do alto Rio Uruguai. Florianópolis : Editora da UFSC : Tractebel Energia. 128 p. :col. ill., col. maps ; 25 cm. (Ref. 79585)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=85834&amp;speccode=23467'>Teixeira-de Mello, F., N. Vidal, G. Eguren and M. Loureiro0 Length-weight relationships of 21 fish species from the lower section of the Santa Lucía river basin (Canelones-Montevideo, Uruguay). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 25:491-492. (Ref. 85834)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86306&amp;speccode=23467'>Nomura, H.0 Nomes científicos dos peixes e seus correspondentes nomes vulgares. In H. Nomura (ed.). Dicionário dos peixes do Brasil. Editerra, Brasília, Brasil: 27-63. (Ref. 86306)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=87757&amp;speccode=23467'>Armbruster, J.W.0 Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 141:1-80. (Ref. 87757)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=91066&amp;speccode=23467'>Garavello, J.C., H.A. Britski and C.H. Zawadzki0 The cascudos of the genus &lt;i&gt;Hypostomus&lt;/i&gt; Lacépède (Ostariophysi: Loricariidae) from the rio Iguaçu basin. Neotrop. Ichthyol. 10(2):263-283. (Ref. 91066)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94838&amp;speccode=23467'>de Oliveira, Nuñer, A.P. and E. Zaniboni-Filho0 Length-weight relationships of fish species caught in the Upper Uruguay River, Brazil. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 25:362364. (Ref. 94838)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=121236&amp;speccode=23467'>Cardoso, Y.P., F. Brancolini, L. Protogino, A. Paracampo, S. Bogan, P. Posadas and J.I. Montoya-Burgos0 An integrated approach clarifies the cryptic diversity in &lt;i&gt;Hypostomus&lt;/i&gt; Lacépède 1803 from the Lower La Plata Basin. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciéncias 91(2):e20180131: [1-25]. (Ref. 121236)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128591&amp;speccode=23467'>Teixeira-de Mello, F., I. Gonzalez-Bergonzoni, F. Viana and C. Saizar0 Length-weight relationships of 26 fish species from the middle section of the Negro River (Tacuarembo ́-Durazno, Uruguay). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 27:1413-1415. (Ref. 128591)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1849954984' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128868&amp;speccode=23467'>Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. 	Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=23467'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-05-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-11-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>Occurs in rivers where substrate from which specimens were obtained was composed chiefly of muddy sand. This species was found in moderately oxygenated waters (6.1-9.1 mg/l) with moderate current; water turbidity 23.7-442 NTU, conductivity 1.087-2.654 μS/cm, pH 7.2-9.2, and temperature 16.8-27.8°C (Ref. 121236).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=121236&amp;speccode=23467'>Cardoso, Y.P., F. Brancolini, L. Protogino, A. Paracampo, S. Bogan, P. Posadas and J.I. Montoya-Burgos 2019 An integrated approach clarifies the cryptic diversity in &lt;i&gt;Hypostomus&lt;/i&gt; Lacépède 1803 from the Lower La Plata Basin. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciéncias 91(2):e20180131: [1-25]. (Ref. 121236)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2012-12-12 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:description>This species is distinguished by the following characters: teeth bifid teeth (vs. spoon-shaped); dark spots on a light background (vs light spots on a dark background or not spotted); 4 rough lateral ridges on flanks (vs. absent); 26-29 lateral series plates (vs. &lt; 28 in several species, 31-32 in H. laplatae); 1-2 plates bordering posterior margin of the supraoccipital bone (vs. 3-4 in H. laplatae); differs from H. affinis, H. punctatus, H. ancistroides by having inter-dorsal distance 14.4-19.5% in SL (vs. 18.9-21.0%); head depth 49.0-71.6% in HL (vs. 48.2-49.9); differs from H. spiniger by having fine lateral ridges with odontodes posteriorly inclined (vs. large lateral ridges with odontodes in all directions), weak lateral ridges in caudal peduncle (vs. strong), mid lateral ridge from first plate (vs. ridge from 2nd or 3rd plates); adult of this species (&gt; 12.0 cm SL) can be distinguished from adult H. spiniger by having a strong ridge on temporal plate (vs. very week) (Ref. 121236).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=121236&amp;speccode=23467'>Cardoso, Y.P., F. Brancolini, L. Protogino, A. Paracampo, S. Bogan, P. Posadas and J.I. Montoya-Burgos 2019 An integrated approach clarifies the cryptic diversity in &lt;i&gt;Hypostomus&lt;/i&gt; Lacépède 1803 from the Lower La Plata Basin. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciéncias 91(2):e20180131: [1-25]. (Ref. 121236)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7;  Analspines: 1; Analsoft rays: 4</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=121236&amp;speccode=23467'>Cardoso, Y.P., F. Brancolini, L. Protogino, A. Paracampo, S. Bogan, P. Posadas and J.I. Montoya-Burgos 2019 An integrated approach clarifies the cryptic diversity in &lt;i&gt;Hypostomus&lt;/i&gt; Lacépède 1803 from the Lower La Plata Basin. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciéncias 91(2):e20180131: [1-25]. (Ref. 121236)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>South America:  Lower Paraná including the Iguazú, Paraguay, Río de la Plata and Dulce Rivers.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=121236&amp;speccode=23467'>Cardoso, Y.P., F. Brancolini, L. Protogino, A. Paracampo, S. Bogan, P. Posadas and J.I. Montoya-Burgos 2019 An integrated approach clarifies the cryptic diversity in &lt;i&gt;Hypostomus&lt;/i&gt; Lacépède 1803 from the Lower La Plata Basin. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciéncias 91(2):e20180131: [1-25]. (Ref. 121236)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7020&amp;speccode=23467'>Mills, D. and G. Vevers 1989 The Tetra encyclopedia of freshwater tropical aquarium fishes. Tetra Press, New Jersey. 208 p. (Ref. 7020)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7020&amp;speccode=23467'>Mills, D. and G. Vevers 1989 The Tetra encyclopedia of freshwater tropical aquarium fishes. Tetra Press, New Jersey. 208 p. (Ref. 7020)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Migration-23467</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-05-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-11-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=23467</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo.  Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=23467'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-23467</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2019-11-12 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-11-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>commersoni</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Occurs in rivers where substrate from which specimens were obtained was composed chiefly of muddy sand. This species was found in moderately oxygenated waters (6.1-9.1 mg/l) with moderate current; water turbidity 23.7-442 NTU, conductivity 1.087-2.654 ?S/cm, pH 7.2-9.2, and temperature 16.8-27.8°C (Ref. 121236).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=121236&amp;speccode=23467'>Cardoso, Y.P., F. Brancolini, L. Protogino, A. Paracampo, S. Bogan, P. Posadas and J.I. Montoya-Burgos 2019 An integrated approach clarifies the cryptic diversity in &lt;i&gt;Hypostomus&lt;/i&gt; Lacépède 1803 from the Lower La Plata Basin. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciéncias 91(2):e20180131: [1-25]. (Ref. 121236)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-23467</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-05-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-11-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=23467</dc:source>
	<dc:description>60.5 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 79585)); max. published weight: 1,832 g (Ref. 79585)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='8532802893' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=79585&amp;speccode=23467'>Zaniboni Filho, E., S. Meurer, O.A. Shibatta and A.P. de Oliverira Nuñer 2004 Catálogo ilustrado de peixes do alto Rio Uruguai. Florianópolis : Editora da UFSC : Tractebel Energia. 128 p. :col. ill., col. maps ; 25 cm. (Ref. 79585)</reference>
	<reference isbn='8532802893' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=79585&amp;speccode=23467'>Zaniboni Filho, E., S. Meurer, O.A. Shibatta and A.P. de Oliverira Nuñer 2004 Catálogo ilustrado de peixes do alto Rio Uruguai. Florianópolis : Editora da UFSC : Tractebel Energia. 128 p. :col. ill., col. maps ; 25 cm. (Ref. 79585)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-23467-1507</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2005-04-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2005-04-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=23467&amp;StockCode=18647</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Raphidascaris Infection 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='80-200-0705-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51153&amp;speccode=23467'>Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-23467</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-05-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-11-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=23467</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=23467'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference></dataObject>
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