FB-2383 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2383 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Serranochromis Serranochromis robustus (Günther, 1864) Nembwe Olyfkurper Muliba Nembwe Nsuku Nembwe Tsungwa Yellow-belly bream Vankkapetoahven Sungwa Tsungwa Sungwa Nkakafodya Tsungwa 粗壮鮨丽鱼 粗壯鮨麗魚 Hemichromis robustus Günther, 1864 Paratilapia robusta (Günther, 1864) Pelmatochromis tanganyicae Borodin, 1931 Serranochromis robusta (Günther, 1864) Serranochromis robustus robustus (Günther, 1864) Serranochromis thumbergi (non Castelnau, 1861) Serranochromis thumbergii (non Castelnau, 1861) 1991-03-04 2024-01-22 Thys van den Audenaerde, D.F.E.0 Natural distribution of tilapias and its consequences for the possible protection of genetic resources. p. 1-11. In R.S.V. Pullin (ed.) Tilapia genetic resources for aquaculture. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 16. (Ref. 58) Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Jackson, P.B.N.0 The fishes of Northern Rhodesia. A check list of indigenous species. The Government Printer, Lusaka. 140 p. (Ref. 246) Konings, A.0 Malawi cichlids in their natural habitat. Verduijn Cichlids, Holland & Lake Fish Movies, West Germany. 303 p. (Ref. 269) Welcomme, R.L.0 International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p. (Ref. 1739) Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 1104 p. (Ref. 2059) Günther, A.0 Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Volume fifth. Catalogue of the Physostomi, containing the families Siluridae, Characinidae, Haplochitonidae, Sternoptychidae, Scopelidae, Stomiatidae, in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London. 455 p. (Ref. 2075) Eccles, D.H.0 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. (Ref. 4967) Konings, A.0 Ad Konings's book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Malawi. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 495 p. (Ref. 5595) Skelton, P.H. and G.G. Teugels0 Serranochromis. p. 442-453. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5693) Cosmas, L.0 Population dynamics of the main commercial species of the Bangweulu fishery. University of Kuopio, Department of Applied Zoology. Kuopio. M.Sc Thesis. (Ref. 6378) de Moor, I.J. and M.N. Bruton0 Atlas of alien and translocated indigenous aquatic animals in southern Africa. A report of the Committee for Nature Conservation Research National Programme for Ecosystem Research. South African Scientific Programmes Report No. 144. 310 p. Port Elizabeth, South Africa. (Ref. 6465) Skelton, P.H.0 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248) Thys van den Audenaerde, D.F.E.0 Introduction of aquatic species into Zambian waters, and their importance for aquaculture and fisheries. Aquaculture for Local Community Development Programme, ALCOM Field Document No. 24. 29 p. (Ref. 8600) Winemiller, K.O. and L.C. Kelso-Winemiller0 Comparative ecology of catfishes of the Upper Zambezi River floodplain. J. Fish Biol. 49(6):1043-1061. (Ref. 12597) Zardoya, R., D.M. Vollmer, C. Craddock, J.T. Streelman, S. Karl and A. Meyer0 Evolutionary conservation of microsatellite flanking regions and their use in resolving the phylogeny of cichlid fishes (Pisces: Perciformes). Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 263:1589-1598. (Ref. 12791) Kolding, J., H. Ticheler and B. Chanda0 Assessment of the Bangweulu swamps fisheries: final report, December 1996. WWF Bangweulu Wetlands Project, University of Bergen. 51 p. (Ref. 26136) Losse, G.F.0 lake Kariba and the Gwembe Valley. p. 22-31. In G.F.Losse. The small-scale fishery on Lake Kariba in Zambia. Deutsche Gessellscahft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Eschborn, Germany, 293 p. (Ref. 27602) Kapasa, C.K. and I.G. Cowx0 Post-impoundment changes in the fish fauna of Lake Itezhi-tezhi, Zambia. J. Fish Biol. 39(6):783-793. (Ref. 27607) Balon, E.K. and D.J. Stewart0 Fish assemblages in a river with unusual gradient (Luongo, Africa - Zaire system), reflections on river zonation, and description of another new species. Environ. Biol. Fishes 9(3-4):225-252. (Ref. 27609) Winemiller, K.O.0 Comparative ecology of <i>Serranochromis</i> species (Teleostei: Cichlidae) in the Upper Zambezi River floodplain. J. Fish Biol. 39(5):617-639. (Ref. 28669) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). 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Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily and D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14:281 p. (Ref. 52870) Mosepele, K.0 Preliminary length-based stock assessment of the main exploited stocks of the Okavango Delta fishery. M.Phil. Thesis, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 139 p. (Ref. 53212) Ngatunga, B.0 Partner 9: Tanzanian Fisheries Research Institute (TANZ.FRI). p. 142-157. In K. Irvine (ed.) The trophic ecology of the demersal fish community of Lake Malawi/Niassa, Central Africa. INCO-DC Final Report covering period from 1st March 1998 to 28th February 2002. 159 p. (Ref. 54530) Snoeks, J. (ed.)0 The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55463) Snoeks, J. and M. Hanssens0 Identification guidelines to other non-mbuna. p.266-310. In Snoeks, J. (ed.) The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55954) Machacek, H. (ed.)0 World Records Freshwater Fishing. www.fishing-worldrecords.com, 12 February 2006. (Ref. 56631) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Konings, A.0 Malawi cichlids in their natural habitat. 4th edition. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA. 424p. (Ref. 79521) Næsje, T.F., C.J. Hay, N. Nickanor, J.H., Strand, R. Koekemoer and E.B. Thorstad0 Fish populations, gill net catches and gill net selectivity in the Kwando River, Namibia. NINA Project Report 27. 64 p. (Ref. 81703) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. 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(Ref. 97235) Günther, A.0 Report on a collection of reptiles and fishes made by Dr. Kirk in the Zambesi and Nyassa regions. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864(2):303-314. (Ref. 97245) Borodin, N.A.0 Some new cichlid fishes from lakes Victoria and Tanganyika, Central Africa. Proc. New England Zool. Club 12:49-54. (Ref. 97246) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Machacek, H. (ed.)0 World Records Freshwater Fishing: News, April 2019 Edition. http://www.fishing-worldrecords.com/ (Ref. 121466) Stauffer, J.R. Jr., R. Bills, P.H. Skelton and O.L.F. Weyl0 Re-evaluation to species level and redescription of <i>Serranochromis jallae</i> and <i>Serranochromis robustus</i> (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Zootaxa 4858(1):126-134. (Ref. 128638) Trewavas, E.0 The types of African cichlid fishes described by Borodin in 1931 and 1936, and of two species described by Boulenger in 1901. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 116(2):240-246. (Ref. 128642) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-2383-13945 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-03-24 1997-03-24 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2383 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Serob_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Serob_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-2383 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-04 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2383 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle It occupies mostly complex habitats in water shallower than 10 m; mostly found near river outlets and in the southern part of Lake Malawi; in southern Lake Malawi it is generally associated with the rock/sand interface or, associated with submerged aquatic vegetation and among reed beds in shallow water and inlets (Ref. 5595, 128638). Present in calm coves or slow flowing sections of rivers with vegetation; not common in Lake Malawi, but abundant in larger rivers (Ref. 4967). Piscivore, hunting mbuna and sand-dwelling haplochromines; mouthbrooder (Ref. 5595). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Breeds in summer (Ref. 7248). Snoeks, J. and M. Hanssens 2004 Identification guidelines to other non-mbuna. p.266-310. In Snoeks, J. (ed.) The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55954) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2383 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-02-09 00:00:00 2023-05-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2383 Diagnosis: The presence of four or five scale rows between the posterior margin of the orbit and the ascending arm of the preoperculum, the presence of widely set unicuspid teeth on the jaws, widely separated gill rakers, and anal fins with egg ocelli places this species in Serranochromis (Ref. 128638). Breeding males of S. robustus possess ocelli that are restricted to the posterior 4-5 membranes of the anal fin, which delimits them from all other Serranochromis species, which have ocelli throughout the anal fin in breeding males, with the exception of S. jallae (Ref. 128638). Serranochromis robustus generally has a longer lower jaw than S. jallae, 50.7-59.6% of head length vs. 49.2-52.7%; it is not as deep-bodied as S. jallae as evidenced by the distance between the posterior insertion of the dorsal fin and the posterior insertion of the anal fin, 13.4-15.1% of standard length in S. robustus vs. 14.9-18.4% in S. jallae; additionally, S. robustus has a narrower least caudal peduncle depth than S. jallae, 10.9-12.8% of standard length vs. 11.3-14.2%, the least caudal peduncle depth of all S. robustus was less than 12.8% of standard length while for S. jallae, except for the smallest specimen, the least caudal peduncle depth was greater than 13.2%; Serranochromis robustus has a smaller horizontal eye diameter than S. jallae, 17.7-27.4% of head length vs. 18.6-25.5%; in general, S. robustus has more teeth in the outer row of the left lower jaw than S. jallae, 14-23 vs. 13-14 (Ref. 128638). Adults in breeding colour of Serranochromis robustus are blue/green laterally with a narrow yellow marginal band on the dorsal fin and usually a small yellowish tip to the upper caudal-fin lobe; adults in breeding colour of S. jallae are yellow/green laterally with a bright orange marginal band on the dorsal and caudal fins in fish from the Okavango River system, but creamy yellow bands in fish from the upper Zambezi River system; the throat and belly of S. jallae becomes more intensely yellow-orange in breeding dress hence the local name 'yellow-belly'; rarely, specimens from the Okavango River in Namibia also have yellow rather than orange marginal bands (Ref. 128638).Description: Head elongate, 36.2-38.0% of standard length; cheek depth 26.1-33.5% of head length; snout elongate, 35.2-39.8% of head length, and posterior end of lower jaw anterior to anterior margin of orbit (Ref. 128638). Two pored scales posterior to hypural plate, and 9-11 rows of scales on cheek; one or two scales between pectoral fin and posterior margin of opercle; lateral line scales 37-39 (Ref. 128638). Outer arch of epibranchial with 4-5 gill rakers; outer arch of ceratobranchial with 10-12 gill rakers (Ref. 128638). Teeth in 2 series on upper and lower jaws (Ref. 128638). Caudal fin emarginate and lacking marginal band in breeding adult males; pectoral fin directly under origin of dorsal fin; pelvic fin posterior to origin of dorsal fin; dorsal fin with 15-16 spines and 13-16 rays, anal fin with 3 spines and 10-11 rays, pelvic fin with 5 rays, pectoral fin with 13-16 rays (Ref. 128638). Stauffer, J.R. Jr., R. Bills, P.H. Skelton and O.L.F. Weyl 2020 Re-evaluation to species level and redescription of <i>Serranochromis jallae</i> and <i>Serranochromis robustus</i> (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Zootaxa 4858(1):126-134. (Ref. 128638) FB-Morphology-2383 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-02-09 00:00:00 2023-05-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2383 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 15 - 16; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 16; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 10 - 11 Stauffer, J.R. Jr., R. Bills, P.H. Skelton and O.L.F. Weyl 2020 Re-evaluation to species level and redescription of <i>Serranochromis jallae</i> and <i>Serranochromis robustus</i> (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Zootaxa 4858(1):126-134. (Ref. 128638) FB-Distribution-2383 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-04 00:00:00 2023-05-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2383 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Africa: Lake Malawi, rivers flowing into it, and the outflowing Shire River and Lake Malombe (Ref. 39192, 52193, 55954, 79521, 97235, 128638). It was introduced from Lake Malawi into the upper Ruo River in Malawi (Ref. 7248), and Sand River Dam in Swaziland (Ref. 7248, 128638), where it established and spread into the Komati River system in South Africa (Ref. 128638); verbal reports from Mozambique indicate the species has recently spread onto the Mozambique coastal plain (Ref. 128638). Serranochromis species in the Luangwa River may be S. robustus based on photographs taken by anglers, but specimens ar nedded to confirm this (Ref. 128638). Stauffer, J.R. Jr., R. Bills, P.H. Skelton and O.L.F. Weyl 2020 Re-evaluation to species level and redescription of <i>Serranochromis jallae</i> and <i>Serranochromis robustus</i> (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Zootaxa 4858(1):126-134. (Ref. 128638) FB-Uses-2383 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-04 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2383 fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Skelton, P.H. 1993 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248) Skelton, P.H. 1993 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248) FB-LifeCycle-2383 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-03-04 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2383&StockCode=2577 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Oviparous (Ref. 205). Females incubate the eggs in the mouth (Ref. 50828). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-2383 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-09-18 00:00:00 2023-05-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public robustus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses It occupies mostly complex habitats in water shallower than 10 m; in southern Lake Malawi it is generally associated with the rock/sand interface or, associated with submerged aquatic vegetation and among reed beds in shallow water and inlets (Ref. 128638). Stauffer, J.R. Jr., R. Bills, P.H. Skelton and O.L.F. Weyl 2020 Re-evaluation to species level and redescription of <i>Serranochromis jallae</i> and <i>Serranochromis robustus</i> (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Zootaxa 4858(1):126-134. (Ref. 128638) FB-Size-2383 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-04 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2383 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle 56.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637)); max. published weight: 6,123 g (Ref. 7248) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Skelton, P.H. 1993 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2383 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-04 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2383 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats demersal; freshwater; depth range 2 - ? m