FB-2386 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2386 Animalia Chordata Cladistii Polypteriformes Polypteridae Polypterus Polypterus palmas Ayres, 1850 Bichir šedý Kortfinnet bikir Marbled bichir Shortfin bichir Palmase hulkuim Harmaaniilinhauki 綠多鰭魚绿多鳍鱼 Polypterus bichir (non Lacepède, 1803) Polypterus buettikoferi Steindachner, 1891 Polypterus büttikoferi Steindachner, 1891 Polypterus lowei Boulenger, 1911 Polypterus palmas buettikoferi Steindachner, 1891 Polypterus palmas palmas Ayres, 1850 Polypterus palmus Ayres, 1850 Polypterus retropinnis lowei Boulenger, 1911 1991-03-04 2015-04-23 Teugels, G.G., C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and K. Traoré0 État des connaissances sur la faune ichtyologique des bassins côtiers de Côte d'Ivoire et de l'ouest du Ghana. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 21(3):221-237. (Ref. 272) Boulenger, G.A.0 Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume IV. London. 392 p. (Ref. 1880) Daget, J. and A. 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(Ref. 3010) Lévêque, C. and D. Paugy0 Guide des poissons d'eau douce de la zone du programme de lutte contre l'onchocercose en Afrique de l'Ouest. Convention ORSTOM-OMS. 393 p. (Ref. 3032) Pellegrin, J.0 Les poissons des eaux douces de l'Afrique occidentale (du Sénégal au Niger). Publ. Com. Hist. Sci. A.O.F., É. Larose, Paris. 373 p. (Ref. 3054) Gosse, J.-P.0 Polypteridae. p. 18-29. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). Volume I. ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. 410 p. (Ref. 3188) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Vasil'ev, V.P.0 Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38. (Ref. 8973) Fritzsch, B. and P. Moller0 A history of electroreception. p. 39-55. In P. Moller (ed.) Electric fishes:history and behavior. Fish and Fisheries Series 17. Chapman & Hall, London. (Ref. 10311) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Paugy, D., K. Traoré and P.S. Diouf0 Faune ichtyologique des eaux douces d'Afrique de l'Ouest. p.35-66. In G.G. Teugels, J.F. Guégan and J.J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh-and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 November 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 275:177 p. (Ref. 13331) Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas, Band 1. 10th edition. Mergus Verlag GmBH, Melle, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 13371) Northcutt, R.G., T.J. Neary and D.G. Senn0 Observations on the brain of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae: external anatomy and quantitative analysis. J. Morphol. 155(2):181-192. (Ref. 27425) Hanssens, M.M., G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys Van Den Audenaerde0 Subspecies in the Polypterus palmas complex (Brachiopterygii; Polypteridae) from West and Central Africa. Copeia 1995(3):694-705. (Ref. 28149) Denton, T.E. and W.M. Howell0 Chromosomes of the African polypterid fishes, Polypterus palmas and Calamoichthys calabaricus. Experientia 29(1):122-124. (Ref. 29174) Urushido, T., E.I. Takahashi, Y. Taki and N. Kondo0 A karyotype study of polypterid fishes, with notes on their phyletic relationship. Proc. Japan Acad., Ser. B: Phys. Biol. Sci. 53(3):95-98. (Ref. 29447) Vervoort, A.0 Karyotypes and nuclear DNA contents of Polypteridae (Osteichthyes). Experientia. 36(6):646-647. (Ref. 29595) Cataudella, S., L. Sola and E. Capanna0 Remarks on the karyotype of the Polypteriformes. The chromosomes of Polypterus delhezi, P. endlicheri congicus and P. palmas. Experientia 34(8):999-1000. (Ref. 29609) Arkhipchuk, V.V.0 Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk. (Ref. 30184) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche and H. Greven0 Database of fish chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften. (Ref. 34370) Hugueny, B. and M. Pouilly0 Morphological correlates of diet in an assemblage of West African freshwater fishes. J. Fish Biol. 54(6):1310-1325. (Ref. 36297) Albert, J.S., R. Froese, R. Bauchot and H. Ito0 Diversity of brain size in fishes: preliminary analysis of a database including 1174 species in 45 orders. p. 647-656. In B. Seret and J.-Y. Sire (eds.) Proceedings of the 5th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference, Noumea, New Caledonia, 3-8 November 1997. Societe Française d'Ichtyologie, Paris, France. (Ref. 36657) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Burgess, W.E.0 Bichirs and rope fish. Trop. Fish Hobbyist 31(5):14-17. (Ref. 42791) Fowler, H.W.0 A catalog of world fishes (XIV). Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 24(1-2):1-58. (Ref. 42855) Daget, J.0 Révision des affinités phylogénétiques des Polyptéridés. Mém. I.F.A.N. 11:178 p. (Ref. 42904) Poll, M.0 Contribution à l'étude systématique des Polypteridae (Pisc.). Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 35(2):141-179. (Ref. 42907) Poll, M.0 Les tendances évolutives des Polyptères d'après l'étude systématique des espèces. Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg. 72(2):157-173. (Ref. 42908) Poll, M.0 Zoogéographie des protoptères et des polyptères. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 79(4):282-289. (Ref. 43033) Daget, J. and A. Stauch0 Poissons de la rive droite du Moyen-Congo. Mission A. Stauch (février-avril 1961). Bull. Inst. Rech. Sci. Congo 2:41-48. (Ref. 44840) Steindachner, F.0 Ueber eine neue Polypterus-Art aus Liberia. Not. Leyden Mus. 13:179-180. (Ref. 46277) Gosse, J.-P.0 Révision systématique de deux espèces du genre Polypterus (Pisces, Polypteridae). Cybium 12(3):239-245. (Ref. 46409) Boulenger, G.A.0 Description of a new fish of the genus Polypterus from Liberia. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 8) 7:377-378. (Ref. 46507) Ayres, W.O.0 Description of a new species of Polypterus, from West Africa. Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6(2):241-246. (Ref. 46516) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a rybovití obratlovci (Pisces) II., nozdratí (Sarcopterygii), paprskoploutví (Actinopterygii) [chrupavčití (Chondrostei), kostnatí (Neopterygii): kostlíni (Semionotiformes) - bezostní (Clupeiformes)]. Národní muzeum (zoologické odděleí), Praha. (Ref. 51054) Vivien, J.0 Faune du Cameroun. Guide des mammifères et poissons. GICAM et Ministère de la Coopération et du Développement, Yaoundé/Paris. 271 p. (Ref. 51193) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Britz, R.0 Polypterus teugelsi, a new species of bichir from the Upper Cross River system in Cameroon (Actinopterygii: Cladistia: Polypteridae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 15(2):179-186. (Ref. 51884) Casal, C.M.V.0 Introduced ornamental fishes in the Philippines. unpublished. (Ref. 57889) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Gosse, J.P. and J. Daget0 Polypteridae. p. 101-112. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81263) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) Pezold, F., R.C. Schmidt and M.L.J. Stiassny0 A survey of fishes of the Geebo-Dugbe River confluence, Sinoe County, Liberia, with an emphasis on tributary creeks. aqua, International J. Ichthyol. 22(3):97-122. (Ref. 138031) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1992-03-02 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2386 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Diagnosis: Polypterus palmas is distinguished from other species of the genus by the upper jaw longer than lower jaw, pectoral fin not reaching the level of the first dorsal fin ray and 27-32 scales between occiput and first dorsal fin ray (Ref. 2835, 28149, 42908, 81263).Description: Subcylindrical body (Ref. 2835, 3054, 28149, 81263); the height of which is comprised 7,3 to 9,6 times in body length and head length 5,2 to 6,5 times (Ref. 2835, 81263). Head not flattened, 1,4 to 1,8 times longer than broad; upper jaw longer than lower jaw; eye diameter comprised 7,3 to 11,7 times in head length (Ref. 2835, 3054, 42908, 81263). Dorsal fin with 7-10 rays, followed by 16-17 dorsal and caudal articulated rays; anal fin with 12-14 rays; pectoral fin not reaching the level of the first dorsal fin ray; 15-17 caudal fin rays (Ref. 2835, 28149, 81263). Ganoid scales (Ref. 42904): 51-59 in lateral line, 33-39 around body, 22-32 between occiput and the first dorsal fin ray; lateral line scales simply perforated, not grooved and without posterior notched border (Ref. 2835, 28149, 51884, 81263).Colouration: In alcohol, upper part of flanks and back grey greenish, marked with irregular dark grey to black blotches particularly in caudal part forming a dense and reticulate pattern; lower parts of head and body whitish (Ref. 2835, 28149, 81263). Dark spots on the dorsal fin ray membranes; the fleshy base of the pectoral fin with small spots on the posterior part; no dark colouration on pelvic and anal fin (Ref. 2835, 28149, 81263). Gosse, J.P. and J. Daget 2003 Polypteridae. p. 101-112. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81263) FB-Morphology-2386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1992-03-02 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2386 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Dorsal spines (total): 710; Analspines: 1214; Vertebrae: 56 - 59 Gosse, J.P. and J. Daget 2003 Polypteridae. p. 101-112. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81263) FB-Distribution-2386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-04 00:00:00 2022-01-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2386 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Africa: coastal rivers of the Gulf of Guinea, from Guinea Bissau to Liberia and upper Cavally River in Côte d'Ivoire; also in upper Casamance River in Senegal (Ref. 28149, 81263). Reports from the Congo River basin (Ref. 44840, 51193) and Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ref. 4537) probably refer to Polypterus polli, previously a subspecies of Polypterus palmas, and only known from the Congo River basin (Ref. 28149). Gosse, J.P. and J. Daget 2003 Polypteridae. p. 101-112. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81263) FB-Uses-2386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-04 00:00:00 2015-04-23 21:26:52 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2386 fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-TrophicStrategy-2386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2004-05-31 00:00:00 2004-05-31 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public palmas http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Piscivore. Hugueny, B. and M. Pouilly 1999 Morphological correlates of diet in an assemblage of West African freshwater fishes. J. Fish Biol. 54(6):1310-1325. (Ref. 36297) FB-Size-2386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-04 00:00:00 2015-04-23 21:26:52 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2386 35.3 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 28149)) Hanssens, M.M., G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys Van Den Audenaerde 1995 Subspecies in the Polypterus palmas complex (Brachiopterygii; Polypteridae) from West and Central Africa. Copeia 1995(3):694-705. (Ref. 28149) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-04 00:00:00 2015-04-23 21:26:52 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2386 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat demersal; freshwater; pH range: 7.0; dH range: 10