FB-25037 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=25037 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Kurtiformes Apogonidae Ostorhinchus Ostorhinchus nanus (Allen, Kuiter & Randall, 1994) Oarfifsh Ryûgû-no-tsukai 산갈치 勒氏皇带鱼 勒氏皇帶魚 金氏皇带鱼 金氏皇帶魚 Gymnetrus hawkenii Bloch, 1795 Gymnetrus hawkinsii Bloch, 1795 Gymnetrus russelii Cuvier, 1816 Gymnetrus russellii Cuvier, 1816 Regalecus caudatus Zugmayer, 1914 Regalecus glesne pacificus Wood-Jones, 1929 Regalecus kinoi Castro-Aguirre, Arvizu-Martinez & Alarcón-Gonzalez, 1991 Regalecus russelii (Cuvier, 1816) Regalecus woodjonesi Whitley, 1933 1996-08-20 2013-07-22 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Centro Interdisiplinario de Ciencias Marinas. Centro Interdisiplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), La Paz, Mexico. (Ref. 33624) Nakabo, T.0 Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition I. Tokai University Press, Japan, pp v-866. (Ref. 41299) Huang, Z.0 Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843) Chinese Academy of Fishery Science (CAFS)0 Database of genetic resources of aquatic organisms in China (as of January 2007). Chinese Academy of Fishery Science. (Ref. 57879) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim0 Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyo-Hak Pub Co. Seoul. 615p. (in Korean). (Ref. 77001) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Roberts, T.R.0 Systematics, biology, and distribution of the species of the oceanic oarfish genus <i>Regalecus</i> (Teleostei, Lampridiformes, Regalecidae). Paris: Mémoires du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle Tome 202, 268 p. (Ref. 92949) Nishimura, S.0 A record of <i>Regalecus russellii</i> from the Sato Straits in Japan Sea. Ann. Rep. Reg. Jap. Sea Fish. Res. Lab. 6:58-68. (Ref. 94488) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Honma, Y., T. Ushiki, H. Hashizume, M. Takeda, H. Misaki, A. Inagi and T. Ishibashi0 Histological observations on the ovaries of two species of Taeniosomatous fishes (Lampridiformes) caught in waters adjacent to the Japanese main island. Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab. 40(1/2):113-120. (Ref. 101821) ECoF, Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes0 Catalog of Fishes. 1985 - onwards. <b>CITATION NOT TO BE USED OUTSIDE FISHBASE. SEE REMARKS</b>. Authorship varies in time: Eschmeyer, W.N.; Fricke, R.; Van der Laan, R. Web database. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp (Ref. 123477) Huang, S.-P. and K.-T. Shao0 Stomach content analysis of young Russell's oarfish (<i>Regalecus russelii</i>) from Taiwan, and a report on an unusual case of predation. Zootaxa 5189(1):275-282. (Ref. 127480) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Rathnasuriya, M.I. and T.H.I.S. Hapuarachchi0 First record of oarfish, <i>Regalecus russellii</i> (Actinopterygii, Lampriformes, Regalecidae), from Sri Lankan waters, Indian Ocean. Acta Ichthyol. Pisc. 55:145-150. (Ref. 137737) FB-GeneralDescr-25038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-08-20 00:00:00 2024-05-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=25038 Warmer-water distribution, within 15° of the Equator. Large adults sometimes kill themselves by swimming out of the water onto beaches; occurrence of such strandings may be linked to certain areas, seasons or months and often in spates. With a unique adaptation of self-amputation (autotomy) of the posterior part of the body past the vent which may involve only the caudal fin (or one to a few small adjacent vertebrae) or as far anterior as just before the abdomen; apparently occurs several times during its lifetime (serial autotomy) but do not damage any vital organs and are usually survived except in strandings. All records over 1.5 m long have bodies shortened by autotomy and may exhibit a healed-over stump or "terminus"; still, many specimens found with fresh (with a ragged appearance very different from a healed termini) incomplete self-amputations of the posterior part of the body, notably not consistent with shark bites; the lost part is never regenerated. Species of this Regalecus attain lengths of 7-8 meters and this is well established by documented specimens. Oftentimes sighted vertically suspended head-up in clear oceanic or inshore waters with the rays of the two dorsal fin crests usually extended vertically upward while the pelvic fin rays may be horizontally spread outward and away from the body (Ref. 92949). This is hypothesized to be a feeding stance that visually allows the fish to spot the silhouette of its potential prey against the skylight (Ref. 49905). Feed on euphausiid crustaceans, small fishes and squid (Ref. 6738). Toothless protrusile jaws work to suction krill-laden water into its oro-branchial cavity and retained in the gullet by the long, spiny and bristly gill rakers (Ref. 92949). Occassionally associate in pairs (gender undocumented) but no record of group larger than three or of schooling behavior (Ref. 92949). Spawning occurs between July and December and larvae are encountered near the surface (Ref. 9337). Spawns in the North Pacific Ocean, in an area west of the Marianas Islands; also possibly in South Africa near Durban (Ref. 92949). In Guinness Book of Records as longest bony fish (Ref. 6472). Also caught with encircling nets and marketed fresh (Ref. 9337). Reputed to be unpalatable because the flesh is tasteless or otherwise unappetizing (Ref. 92949). Underwater footage shows them slowly swimming vertically, head up, with a stiff body, only undulating the dorsal fin, and with photophores on their appendages. The mouth can be protruded for capturing prey (RF, pers. comm. 2013). A rare species mainly offshore, sometimes drifting to coastal regions (Ref. 41299). Length based on occurrence record from Taiwan. Roberts, T.R. 2012 Systematics, biology, and distribution of the species of the oceanic oarfish genus <i>Regalecus</i> (Teleostei, Lampridiformes, Regalecidae). Paris: Mémoires du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle Tome 202, 268 p. (Ref. 92949) FB-DiagnosticDescr-25038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 2003-09-24 00:00:00 2013-12-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=25038 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription With two red dorsal fin crests up to 1 meter high and ribbon-like silvery body up to 8 meters in length. Distinguished by the dorsal fin rays until end of abdomen fewer than 82; abdominal vertebrae 34 to 37; in complete adult specimens, total vertebrae count, 113 to 122 and total dorsal fin rays, 333 to 371; total gill rakers on first gill arch in large fish, 47 to 60; in adults, anteriormost part of dorsal fin with 2 crests: first dorsal fin crest with 3 to 6 rays united by fin membranes and second dorsal fin crest with a single elongated and ornamented ray and not united by membrane to other dorsal fin rays (Ref. 92949). Other diagnostic characters: pelvic fin with a single elongated ray and with more than 3 membranous appendages; caudal fin small, reduced (Ref. 41299). Cristophore (new term) present and supports the first dorsal fin crest; pelvic fin with a single permanent, extremely elongate and ornamented ray; 11-14 pectoral-fin rays, with a horizontally-oriented base, allowing the fin to be vertically-oriented when adpressed against the body; all large fish lacking a caudal fin, but in the young, principal rays number 3-4 (usually 4), may be extremely elongate, and the tip rarely with ornament; lacking procurrent rays; highly elongate body, with no anal fin; total dorsal fin rays in complete specimens (significantly less in individuals of approx. max. TL of 1.5 m), 3 33 to 449 and total vertebrae 113 to 163; approx. max. length of largest specimens, 8 m (all autotomized); stomach characterized with an elongate postabdominal caecum extending to end of body; muscle masses compartmentalized by a complex system of connected intermuscular septa; with up to three dorsal horizontal septa and three ventral horizontal septa in addition to the horizontal, vertical, and transverse septa common to most teleosts; as a result of autotomy, the posterior part of the adult body (including most large juveniles) terminating in a healed-over stump or terminus (new term); still, many specimens found with fresh (with a ragged appearance very different from a healed termini) incomplete self-amputations of the posterior part of the body, notably not consistent with shark bites. Toothless jaws or with only some tiny vestigial teeth (Ref. 92949). Nakabo, T. 2002 Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition I. Tokai University Press, Japan, pp v-866. (Ref. 41299) FB-Morphology-25038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 2003-09-24 00:00:00 2013-12-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=25038 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 333 - 371; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0; Vertebrae: 113 - 122 Nakabo, T. 2002 Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition I. Tokai University Press, Japan, pp v-866. (Ref. 41299) FB-Distribution-25038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-08-20 00:00:00 2025-11-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=25038 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Pacific Ocean: Japan, USA (California) and Mexico (Baja California). Roberts, T.R. 2012 Systematics, biology, and distribution of the species of the oceanic oarfish genus <i>Regalecus</i> (Teleostei, Lampridiformes, Regalecidae). Paris: Mémoires du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle Tome 202, 268 p. (Ref. 92949) FB-Uses-25038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-08-20 00:00:00 2024-05-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=25038 fisheries: of no interest FB-LifeCycle-25038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1996-08-20 00:00:00 2024-05-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=25038&StockCode=19806 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Are broadcast spawners with no parental care for the young (Ref. 92949). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-25038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Teresa Hilomen 2013-11-11 00:00:00 2013-11-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public russellii http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Warmer-water distribution, within 15° of the Equator. (Ref. 92949). Large adults sometimes kill themselves by swimming out of the water onto beaches; occurrence of such strandings may be linked to certain areas, seasons or months and often in spates (Ref. 92949). Feed on euphausiid crustaceans, small fishes and squid (Ref. 6738); Euphausiidae being their main diet but possibly feed only when highly concentrated in areas of upwelling. With few predators and parasites; adaptative significance of autotomy still unknown. Occassionally associate in pairs (gender undocumented) but no record of group larger than three or of schooling behavior. Spawns in the North Pacific Ocean, in an area west of the Marianas Islands; also possibly in South Africa near Durban (Ref. 92949). Roberts, T.R. 2012 Systematics, biology, and distribution of the species of the oceanic oarfish genus <i>Regalecus</i> (Teleostei, Lampridiformes, Regalecidae). Paris: Mémoires du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle Tome 202, 268 p. (Ref. 92949) FB-Size-25038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-08-20 00:00:00 2024-05-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=25038 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 800 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 92949)) Roberts, T.R. 2012 Systematics, biology, and distribution of the species of the oceanic oarfish genus <i>Regalecus</i> (Teleostei, Lampridiformes, Regalecidae). Paris: Mémoires du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle Tome 202, 268 p. (Ref. 92949) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-25038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-08-20 00:00:00 2024-05-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=25038 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription bathypelagic; marine