FB-2524 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2524 Animalia Chordata Petromyzonti Petromyzontiformes Petromyzontidae Lethenteron Lethenteron camtschaticum (Tilesius, 1811) Arktisk niøye Minóg japónski Arktisk flodlampret Arktische Lamprete Arctic lamprey Darktail Alascan lamprey Lamprey-eel River eight-eye lamprey Arktika lättesutt Jaapani jõesilm Idännahkiainen Lamproie arctique Lamproie fluviale Kawayatsume Kawa-yatsume Shiberia-yatsume カワヤツメ Ledovitomorskaya minoga Tikhookeanskaja minoga Tikhookeanskaya minoga Arktiskt Nejonöga Sibiriskt Nejonöga Nemeryaq Nimiqiaq Nû-mug-û-shûk Nû-mûg-û-shûk 北极七鳃鳗 北極七鰓鰻 日本七鰓鰻 日本七鳃鳗 Ammocoetes aureus Bean, 1881 Entosphenus japonicus (Martens, 1868) Entosphenus lamottei japonicus (Martens, 1868) Lampetra aurea (Bean, 1881) Lampetra borealis (Girard, 1858) Lampetra camtschatica (Tilesius, 1811) Lampetra fluviatilis japonica (Martens, 1868) Lampetra japonica (Martens, 1868) Lampetra japonica septentrionalis Berg, 1931 Lampetra kessleri (non Anikin, 1905) Lampetra mitsukurii major Hatta, 1911 Lampetra variegata Tilesius, 1811 Lethenteron camshchaticum (Tilesius, 1811) Lethenteron japonicum (Martens, 1868) Petromyzon borealis Girard, 1858 Petromyzon dentex Anikin, 1905 Petromyzon ernstii Dybowski, 1872 Petromyzon fluvialis (non Linnaeus, 1758) Petromyzon japonicus Martens, 1868 Petromyzon kameraticus Dybowski, 1869 Petromyzon lumbricalis Pallas, 1814 Petromyzon marinus camtschaticus Tilesius, 1811 1991-05-01 2024-01-22 Robins, C.R., R.M. 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(Ref. 120663) Thorsteinson, L.K. and M.S. Love0 Alaska Arctic marine fish ecology catalog. Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5038. (Ref. 121277) Hay, A., W. Xian, N. Bailly, C. Liang and D. Pauly0 The why and how of determining length-weight relationships of fish from preserved museum specimens. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 36(3):373-379. (Ref. 121807) Dolgov, A.V.0 Annotated list of fish-like vertebrates and fish of the Kara Sea. J. Ichthyol. 53(11):914-922. (Ref. 124011) Naseka, A.M. and C.B. Renaud0 Morphology-based taxonomic re-assessment of the Arctic lamprey, <i>Lethenteron camtschaticum</i> (Tilesius, 1811) and taxonomic position of other members of the genus. ZooKeys 991:1-67. (Ref. 125650) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) FB-GeneralDescr-2524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2524 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size In fresh waters, occurs in rivers and lakes (Ref. 89241). Adults inhabit coastal and estuarine waters (Ref. 59043). Ammocoetes occur along river banks in silty-muddy substrate where current is slight (Ref. 89241). Prefer sites with stony or sandy bottom, shaded by riparian vegetation (Ref. 41072). Spawning adults found in gravel riffles and runs of clear streams; feeding adults usually in oceans or lakes; ammocoetes in muddy margins and backwaters of river and lakes (Ref. 5723). Spawning occurs on pebble-sand substrate (Ref. 89241). Anadromous (Ref. 58426, 89241). The Great Slave Lake Basin population is believed to be a permanent freshwater resident population (Ref. 89241). There are non-migratory freshwater populations. Probably parasitizes any species of fish of suitable size (Ref. 27547), including commercial species (Ref. 58426). Subadults are non-parasitic (Ref. 12218). Feed on small aquatic invertebrates, algae and organic matter contained in detritus (Ref. 41072). Larval period lasts 4 years. Age classes range in total length approximately as follows: 0+ up to 35 mm; 1+ 30-65 mm; 2+ 60-155 mm; 3+ 150-220 mm. They tend to disperse downstream as they age. Mean densities in the Hay River, Northwest Territories, have been estimated at 137 ammocoetes/m2. Larvae feed mainly on organic detritus and algae. Ammocoetes are preyed upon by fishes. Metamorphosis begins in late summer (mid-August) and continues through the winter in Great Slave Lake Basin, Northwest Territories, Canada and recently metamorphosed adults enter the lake in May to July. Downstream movement of recently metamorphosed adults towards the sea begins in late May and ends in July in Kamchatka. Adults parasitic on various fishes in both fresh and marine waters. The site of attachment is usually below the lateral line and anterior to the pelvic fins. Adults are preyed upon by fishes and birds (gulls). Spawning adults ascend rivers in Japan between October and January, while this occurs between the end of May and June in Utkholok River Basin, Kamchatka, and between the end of November and the end of April in the Yukon River, Alaska. The spawning migration distance up the Yukon River exceeds 1,600 km. Both sexes participate in the building of the oval-shaped redd. Spawning occurs in June in Utkholok River Basin, Kamchatka, from April to July in Japan and mid June - early July in Great Slave Lake Basin, Canada. Fecundity, 9,790-29,780 eggs/female in Great Slave Lake Basin (believed to be a permanent freshwater resident population), 12,272-34,586 eggs/female in an anadromous population from Kamchatka, and 62,936-119,180 eggs/female in anadromous populations from rivers in Japan. In the latter case, the long diameter of the eggs varies from 0.85 to 1.23 mm and the short diameter from 0.75 to 1.14 mm. The eggs are dark blue and adhesive. When they emerge from the egg after about a one-month incubation period, larvae measure about 7 mm total length. Adult life is about two years (Ref. 89241). Arctic lamprey has high quality flesh rich in fat (Ref. 41072). Around 1879 it was of great importance for native peoples along the Yukon River at Russian Mission and Anvik, Alaska, where they would catch upstream spawning migrants by the dozens through the ice using long multi-forked poles or dipnets (Turner, 1886, Nelson, 1887). The oil in the lamprey would be rendered through boiling in water and used for human food or in lamps as a substitute for seal oil. Recently, there has been an interest in starting a commercial fishery for upstream migrants targeting the Asian market in the USA and abroad in addition to the traditional subsistence harvest. The 2003 quota was set at 20,000 kg. The taste has been compared to that of sardine because of the high lipid content that can reach 38% of the body weight. In Japan, in the Shinano River estuary, upstream spawning migrants are caught between October and January using large handnets; in 1959, daily catches varied from a few dozen to over 1,000 lampreys (Honma 1960). In winter, lampreys are caught at the same place but using a gang of about ten bell-shaped leather fishing traps that is laid in a string along the river floor (Honma, 1960). The lampreys are served in a number of different ways in restaurants, and in salt-dried form are highly valued as a medicine against night blindness (Honma, 1960) (Ref. 89241). Kottelat, M. 1997 European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1999-03-08 00:00:00 2013-11-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2524 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Characterized by 2 large teeth on the supraoral bars, the presence of only 2 points on the central pair of lateral tooth plates, and the presence of a row of posterial teeth (Ref. 27547). Dorsal fins arise far back on body, the anterior dorsal lower than the posterior, the fins higher in males; lower lobe of caudal fin is somewhat larger than upper, the fin joined to both dorsal and anal fins; anal fin small, in males represented only by a low ridge (Ref. 27547). Color ranges from brown to olive to grayish above, paler below (Ref. 27547). The non-anadromous form rarely grows larger than 18 cm (Ref. 27547). Other adult diagnostic features: 11.0-62.5 cm TL. Wet weight of individuals 14.5-35.0 cm TL, 3.2-87.7 g. Body proportions, as percentage of TL (based on 63 specimens measuring 13-46 cm TL): prebranchial length, 7.3-21.3; branchial length, 7.8-20.8; trunk length, 21.9-56.3; tail length, 24.6-30.8; eye length, 0.7-3.7; disc length, 4.5-7.7. Intestinal diameter up to 13 mm. Urogenital papilla length, as a percentage of branchial length, in 6 spawning males measuring 33.9-40.1 cm TL, 14.6-19.5. Trunk myomeres, 65-77 [Kucheryavyi et al. (2007) reported counts of 63-85 for 19 downstream migrants and 55-79 for 87 anadromous individuals from Utkholok River Basin, Kamchatka]. Dentition: supraoral lamina, 2 unicuspid, rarely bicuspid, teeth; infraoral lamina, 6-10 teeth, usually 8 (as few as 5), the lateralmost tooth on either end usually bicuspid, the internal ones unicuspid; usually 3, rarely 4 endolaterals on each side; endolateral formula typically 2-2-2 with variant formulae, 2-2-1, 2-2-2-2, 2-2-2-1; 3 rows of anterials; first row of anterials, 3 unicuspid teeth; total number of anterials, 20-33 teeth [5-43 according to Kucheryavyi et al. (2007) and as low as 11 according to Iwata et al. (1985), which may be due to regional effects, but this requires further investigation]; exolaterals absent; single row of posterials, 12-28 teeth; transverse lingual lamina, 13-18 teeth, the median one greatly enlarged; longitudinal lingual laminae each with 10-14 teeth. Velar tentacles, 5-7, with tubercles and with the single median tentacle shorter than the lateral tentacles immediately next to it, and with dorsal velar wings on either side, each consisting of a single tentacle. Body coloration (live) of recently transformed adults brown on dorsal and lateral aspects and silvery on ventral aspect, while upstream spawning migrants have a yellowish olive dorsal aspect, becoming lighter on the lateral aspects, and dull yellowish on the ventral aspect. Lateral line neuromasts unpigmented. Gular region unpigmented. Second dorsal fin with a dark blotch near the apex. Extent of caudal fin pigmentation, 1% to Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-Distribution-2524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2024-11-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2524 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Arctic: Siberian coast to Anderson River in Canada. Northwest Pacific: Bering Sea south to Japan and Korea. Freshwater resident populations in Slave, Hay and Mackenzie rivers, Northern Territories, Canada. Freshwater non-migratory stocks in river systems in Mongolia (Ref. 41072). Europe: Arctic, White and Barents Sea basins of Russia and Norway, from Pechora drainage in Russia to Pasvik drainage in Norwegian-Russian border (Ref. 59043). In danger of local extinctions due to pollution and use as bait (Ref. 12321). Vladykov, V.D. 1984 Petromyzonidae. p. 64-67. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3161) FB-Uses-2524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2524 fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; bait: usually Vladykov, V.D. 1984 Petromyzonidae. p. 64-67. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3161) Holcík, J. 1986 <i>Lethenteron japonicum</i> (Martens, 1868). p. 198-219. In J. Holcík (ed.) The Freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol.1, Part I, Petromyzontiformes. (Ref. 12321) FB-Migration-2524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2524 Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Renaud, C.B. 2011 Lampreys of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lamprey species known to date. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 5. Rome, FAO. 109 pp. (Ref. 89241) FB-LifeCycle-2524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2524&StockCode=2720 Both male and female engage in nest building, removing pebbles and small rocks from the stream bottom. The male uses his sucker to attach himself to the head of the female. The pair arch their bodies and the male wraps himself around the female. Both of the lampreys vibrate rapidly and eggs and sperm are extruded into the nest. Two males may simultaneously mate with a single female. A female will mate several times before her egg supply is exhausted, usually with several males. Ammocoetes spend one to two years in this stage. Upon metamorphosis (occurring from fall through winter, Ref. 12218), the young adults descend the stream to the sea or lakes or larger rivers (occurring in springtime, Ref. 12218) (Ref. 27547). Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-TrophicStrategy-2524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1997-04-07 00:00:00 2023-01-31 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public camtschaticum http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Prefers sites with stony or sandy bottom, shaded by riparian vegetation (Ref. 41072). Spawning adults found in gravel riffles and runs of clear streams; feeding adults usually in oceans or lakes; ammocoetes in muddy margins and backwaters of river and lakes (Ref. 5723). Anadromous (Ref. 58426). There are non-migratory freshwater populations. Subadults are non-parasitic (Ref. 12218). Feed on small aquatic invertebrates, algae and organic matter contained in detritus (Ref. 41072). Some populations are anadromous while others are permanent freshwater residents. Larvae dwell in soft silty substrates of streams, rivers and lakes. Feeding and spawning migrations range from 200 - 2,100 km (Ref. 117245). Holcík, J. 1986 <i>Lethenteron japonicum</i> (Martens, 1868). p. 198-219. In J. Holcík (ed.) The Freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol.1, Part I, Petromyzontiformes. (Ref. 12321) FB-Size-2524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2524 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 63.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 56557)); max. published weight: 200 g (Ref. 56557); max. reported age: 7 years (Ref. 12321) Novikov, N.P., A.S. Sokolovsky, T.G. Sokolovskaya and Y.M. Yakovlev 2002 The fishes of Primorye. Vladivostok, Far Eastern State Tech. Fish. Univ., 552 p. (Ref. 56557) Novikov, N.P., A.S. Sokolovsky, T.G. Sokolovskaya and Y.M. Yakovlev 2002 The fishes of Primorye. Vladivostok, Far Eastern State Tech. Fish. Univ., 552 p. (Ref. 56557) Holcík, J. 1986 <i>Lethenteron japonicum</i> (Martens, 1868). p. 198-219. In J. Holcík (ed.) The Freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol.1, Part I, Petromyzontiformes. (Ref. 12321) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2524 demersal; anadromous (Ref. 89241); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 50 m (Ref. 50610) Renaud, C.B. 2011 Lampreys of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lamprey species known to date. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 5. Rome, FAO. 109 pp. (Ref. 89241) Russian Academy of Sciences 2000 Catalog of vertebrates of Kamchatka and adjacent waters. Kamchatsky Pechatny Dvor, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia. 166 p. (Ref. 50610)