FB-2569 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2569 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rajiformes Arhynchobatidae Bathyraja Bathyraja spinicauda (Jensen, 1914) Gråskate Raia-da-Gronelândia Tornhalet rokke Dornschwanz-Tiefenrochen Grönlandrochen Spinetail ray Spinetail skate Spinytail skate Spiny-tailed skate Ogasaba-rai Ogasaba-süvarai Halahvassa skøta Raie à queue épineuse Maríuskata Shipokhovstiy skat шипохвостый скат Taggstjärtad rocka Taggsvansrocka Raya ferreiro Groenlandse rog Trnastorepa raža 棘尾深海鰩 棘尾深海鳐 Raja spinicauda Jensen, 1914 1991-05-01 2023-05-05 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel0 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. 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(Ref. 132183) FB-GeneralDescr-2569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2023-05-05 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2569 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats An inhabitant of deep, cold water (Ref. 7251). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feed on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167). Oviparous (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 13.4-16.5 cm long and 8.0-10.2 cm wide (Ref. 41251, 41301). This species is part of the regular by-catch of deep-sea fisheries (Ref. 117245). McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes 2001-02-09 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2569 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Disk without spines, except near edge of pectoral fins in males. Ventral mucous pores not blackish. Tail with middorsal row of large spines. Snout pointed (Ref. 7251). Upper surface pale brown or bluish gray without dark markings. Lower surface white with small sooty blotches irregularly distributed around margins of pectorals, pelvic fins white below. Lower surface of tail white but pale brown rearward (Ref. 6902). Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder 1953 Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates and rays. p. 1-514. In J. Tee-Van et al. (eds.) Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part two. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ. (Ref. 6902) FB-Distribution-2569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2023-05-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2569 North Atlantic and adjacent Arctic. Mecklenburg, C.W., A. Lynghammar, E. Johannesen, I. Byrkjedal, J.S. Christiansen, A.V. Dolgov, O.V. Karamushko, T.A. Mecklenburg, P.R. Møller, D. Steinke and P.R. Wienerroither 2018 Marine fishes of the Arctic Region.Volume I. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri, Iceland. [CAFF Monitoring Series Report 28:1-454.] (Ref. 119696) FB-Uses-2569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2023-05-05 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2569 fisheries: of no interest Andriyashev, A.P. 1964 Fishes of the northern seas of the U.S.S.R. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. 617 p. (Translated from Russian). (Ref. 9707) FB-LifeCycle-2569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2023-05-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2569&StockCode=2765 Oviparous (Ref. 3167). Paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-2569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-10-30 00:00:00 2023-02-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public spinicauda An inhabitant of deep, cold water (Ref. 7251). Feeds on Mallotus villosus (capelin) and Raja radiata (thorny skate) (Ref. 5951). Found in water temperatures between -1.5°C to 7.5°C, appearing frequently under 3°C. Recorded at depths between 111-2949m. Dwells in deep slopes and abyssal habitats likely over muddy, silty, and sandy substrates. Feeds at a trophic level of 4.02 (Ref. 117245). McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) FB-Size-2569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2023-05-05 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2569 170 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 3167)) Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2023-05-05 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2569 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology bathypelagic; marine; depth range 111 - 2949 m (Ref. 117245), usually 165 - 255 m (Ref. 7251) Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist 2018 Marine fishes of Arctic Canada. Toronto (ON, Canada): University of Toronto Press. xiii+618 p. (Ref. 117245) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)