FB-2570 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2570 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rajiformes Rajidae Caliraja Caliraja stellulata (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) Raia-do-Pacífico Stillehavsrokke Pacific starry skate Prickly skate Prickly starry skate Starry skate Tähtrai Raie du Pacifique Stillahavsrocka Raya estrellada K'ak'ew' Pacifische sterrog 小星鰩 小星鳐 Beringraja stellulata (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) Raia stellulata Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 Raja stellulata Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 1991-05-01 2018-09-13 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann0 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. 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(Ref. 33536) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Bor, P.0 Egg-capsules of sharks and skates. www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl/rogtabel.html (Ref. 41250) Cox, K.W.0 Egg-cases of some elasmobranchs and a cyclostome from California waters. Calif. Fish Game 49(4):271-289. (Ref. 41300) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal British Columbia Museum. Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria BC, Canada V8V 1X4. (Ref. 42125) Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454) Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. 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Thorsteinson0 Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Seattle, Washington, 98104. (Ref. 96339) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Cheung, W.L., R. Watson and D. Pauly0 Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch. Nature 497:365-368. (Ref. 107945) Bigman, J., D.A. Ebert, H.J. Robinson and G.M. Cailliet0 <i>Raja stellulata</i>.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T161629A80677268. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T161629A80677268.en. Downloaded on 20 October 2016. (Ref. 112456) James, K.C., D.A. Ebert, L.J. Natanson and G.M. Cailliet0 Age and growth characteristics of the Starry Skate, <i>Raja stellulata</i>, with a description of life history and habitat trends of the central California, USA, skate assemblage. Environ. Biol. Fishes 97(4):435-448. (Ref. 112855) Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor0 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Last, P.R., S. Weigmann and L. Yang0 Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). In: Last and Yearsley (eds.). Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Special Publication. 11-34. (Ref. 118749) Ebert, D.A.0 <i>Caliraja</i> gen. nov., a new skate genus (Rajiformes: Rajidae) from the eastern North Pacific. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 57:1-5. (Ref. 128180) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) FB-GeneralDescr-2570 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2018-09-13 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2570 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution A demersal species, commonly found inshore on continental shelf; also found on continental slope. Mainly feeds on small bony fishes, cephalopods and shrimps (Ref. 114953). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 7.1-7.8 cm long and 5.5-7.0 cm wide (Ref. 41300). Males reaches maturity at ca. 67 cm TL, females at ca. 68 cm TL; young hatch at 12-16 cm TL (Ref. 114953). McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2570 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1999-03-31 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2570 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses A row of strong, sharp spines along the mid-dorsal line from a point behind the eyes by less than the interorbital width to the first dorsal fin and continued beyond it with a single spine between the two dorsal fins; large spines on the shoulder girdle; a row of small spines on the inner edge of the orbit; a cluster of moderate spines along the edge of the pectoral fin from its tip to the snout, large spines in males (Ref. 6885). Dorsal fins small and well back on tail; caudal fin very small; anal fin absent; pectorals broad, attached to snout and incorporated with body; pelvic fins large and deeply notched (Ref. 6885). A horizontal fleshy ridge from either side of ventral surface of tail, more prominent posteriorly (Ref. 6885). Grayish brown, numerous dark spots of various sizes scattered on body, a weakly marked eye spot frequently present at base of pectoral fins (Ref. 6885). Hart, J.L. 1973 Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180:740 p. (Ref. 6885) FB-Morphology-2570 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1999-03-31 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2570 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0 Hart, J.L. 1973 Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180:740 p. (Ref. 6885) FB-Distribution-2570 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2570 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Northeast Pacific: northern California (USA) to Baja California (Mexico). Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) FB-LifeCycle-2570 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2018-09-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2570&StockCode=2766 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-2570 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rubyann Robelle Polido 2016-11-02 00:00:00 2016-11-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public stellulata http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Found near rocky reefs with some vertical relief (Ref. 112855). James, K.C., D.A. Ebert, L.J. Natanson and G.M. Cailliet 2013 Age and growth characteristics of the Starry Skate, <i>Raja stellulata</i>, with a description of life history and habitat trends of the central California, USA, skate assemblage. Environ. Biol. Fishes 97(4):435-448. (Ref. 112855) FB-Size-2570 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2018-09-13 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2570 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 76.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850)) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2570 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2018-09-13 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2570 demersal; marine; depth range 18 - 982 m (Ref. 112456), usually 70 - 150 m (Ref. 112456) Bigman, J., D.A. Ebert, H.J. Robinson and G.M. Cailliet 2016 <i>Raja stellulata</i>.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T161629A80677268. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T161629A80677268.en. Downloaded on 20 October 2016. (Ref. 112456) Bigman, J., D.A. Ebert, H.J. Robinson and G.M. Cailliet 2016 <i>Raja stellulata</i>.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T161629A80677268. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T161629A80677268.en. Downloaded on 20 October 2016. (Ref. 112456)