FB-2580 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2580 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Myliobatiformes Urotrygonidae Urobatis Urobatis halleri (Cooper, 1863) Pilrokke Pilskate Trygon kolisty Hallerova trnucha Almindelig rund pigrokke Pigrokke Pilrokke Peitschenrochen Stechrochen Haller's round ray Round stingray Halleri jämesabarai Raie ronde de Haller Pastinaca Trigono Siba zutulja Volina Stingrocka Ignelivatoz Pastinaca Raya de espina Raya Raya batea Raya redonda común Raya redonda de aguijón Raya redonda de Haller Raya sicodélica Hallerjev okrogli morski bič Ronde doornrog Sálahi trygéna Trigóna 哈氏大尾扁魟 哈氏扁魟 Urolophus halleri Cooper, 1863 Urolophus nebulosus Garman, 1885 Urolophus umbrifer Jordan & Starks, 1895 1991-05-01 2024-01-23 Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. 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(Ref. 130159) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) FB-pic-2580-4577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-06-05 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2580 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Urhal_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Urhal_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-2580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2580 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Occurs on sand, rubbly or mud bottom off beaches and in bays and sloughs; near seagrasses, usually shallower than 15 m. Adult females profuce 2 litters of up to 6 pups per year (Ref. 2850, 114953), sometimes around rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). Feeds on benthic invertebrates and small fishes. Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FB-Distribution-2580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-11-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2580 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Eastern Pacific: northern California (USA) to Ecuador. Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FB-Uses-2580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2580 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: medium; price reliability: unreliable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this order McEachran, J.D. 1995 Urolophidae. Rayas redondas. p. 786-792. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9265) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) Michael, S.W. 1993 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) FB-LifeCycle-2580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2580&StockCode=2776 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Male grasps disc margin of female, flips under her, and inserts a clasper. Mating lasts about 5 minutes. Michael, S.W. 1993 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) FB-TrophicStrategy-2580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-09-20 00:00:00 2007-08-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public halleri http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Occurs on sand or mud bottom off beaches and in bays and sloughs (Ref. 2850). Densities of this species were significantly higher at warmer effluent water near the surfzone at Seal Beach, California than to cooler, ambient water further offshore (Ref. 54651). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 57615). Feeds on benthic invertebrates and small fishes. Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) FB-Size-2580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2580 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 58.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637)); max. published weight: 1,360 g (Ref. 4699) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2580 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle demersal; marine; depth range 0 - 91 m (Ref. 12951), usually 1 - 21 m (Ref. 96339) Michael, S.W. 1993 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) Love, M.S., C.W. Mecklenburg, T.A. Mecklenburg and L.K. Thorsteinson 2005 Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Seattle, Washington, 98104. (Ref. 96339)