FB-2588 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2588 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Myliobatiformes Mobulidae Mobula Mobula thurstoni (Lloyd, 1908) Gladdestert-mobula Manta hladkoocasá Glathalet djævlerokke Bentfin devil ray Bentfin devilray Lesser devil ray Smooth tail devil ray Smoothtail mobula Smooth-tail mobula Silesaba-merisarvik Mante vampire Petite manta Pari kalok Pari kola Pari paung Pari paus Pari-paus sirip lekuk Ndiaouatt bédjéne Souki Chupa sangre Chupasangre Diablo Diablo chupasangre Diablo manta Manta Manta diablo Manta doblada Manta raya Murciélago Gladkorepa manta Gladstaartduivelsrog Pari lampengan Plampangan 光尾蝠鱝 光尾蝠鲼 印度蝠鱝 印度蝠鲼 Dicerobatis thurstoni Lloyd, 1908 Mobula lucasana Beebe & Tee-Van, 1938 1991-05-01 2024-01-23 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann0 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814) McEachran, J.D. and B. Séret0 Mobulidae. p. 73-76. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4442) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. 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Mantas, diablos. p. 759-764. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9256) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Mobulidae. Devil rays. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. (Ref. 9911) Heemstra, P.C.0 Additions and corrections for the 1995 impression. p. v-xv. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Revised Edition of Smiths' Sea Fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 11228) Randall, J.E.0 Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p. (Ref. 11441) Michael, S.W.0 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) Randall, J.E., H. Ida, K. Kato, R.L. Pyle and J.L. Earle0 Annotated checklist of inshore fishes of the Ogasawara Islands. Nat. Sci. 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(Ref. 118484) Kumar R.R., Venu S., Akhilesh K.V., Bineesh K.K. and Rajan P.T.0 First report of four deep-sea chondrichthyans (Elasmobranchii and Holocephali) from Andaman waters, India with an updated checklist from the region. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 48(3):289-301. (Ref. 118627) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Stevens, G., D. Fernando, M. Dando and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara0 Guide to the Manta and Devil Rays of the World. Princeton (NJ, USA): Princeton University Press, 144 p. (Ref. 119202) Domingues, R.R., D. Garrone-Neto, A.W.S. Hilsdorf and O.B.F. Gadig0 Use of mucus as a non-invasive sampling method for DNA barcoding of stingrays and skates (batoid elasmobranchs). J. Fish Biol. 94(3):512-516. (Ref. 120220) Golani, D. and R. Fricke0 Checklist of the Red Sea fishes with delineation of the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, endemism and Lessepsian migrants. Zootaxa 4509(1):1-215. (Ref. 120578) Curran, S.S., C.K. Blend and R.M. Overstreet0 <i>Nagmia rodmani n. sp., <i>Nagmia cisloi</i> n. sp., and <i>Probolitrema richiardii</i> (López, 1888) (Gorgoderidae: Anaporrhutinae) from Elasmobranchs in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Comparative Parasitology 76(1):6-18. (Ref. 121177) Shirke, S.S., M. Nashad, M.D. Sukham and H.D. Pradeep0 A first record of the Bentfin Devil Ray <i>Mobula thurstoni</i> (Lloyd, 1908) (Myliobatiformes: Mobulidae) from the Indian EEZ of the Andaman Sea. J. Threatened Taxa 9(12):11074-11080. (Ref. 121268) Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) Grove, J.S., D.J. Long, D.R. Robertson and B.C. Victor0 List of fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. J. Ocean Sci. Found. 39:14-22. (Ref. 127348) Rambahiniarison, J.M., M.J. Lamoste, C.A. Rohner, R. Murray, S. Snow, J. Labaja, G. Araujo and A. Ponzo0 Life history, growth, and reproductive biology of four mobulid species in the Bohol Sea, Philippines. Frontiers in Marine Science 5:269. (Ref. 128048) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 11 January 2023 and 25 November 2023. UNEP. (Ref. 128078) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Zavalaga Talledo, F., S.V. Campos León and K. Kanagusuku Gondo0 Guía para la determinación de las principales rayas del Perú. Lima (Peru): Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), 42 p. (Ref. 130539) Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals-CMS0 Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals (CMS). xxx (Ref. 131118) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III. UNEP. (Ref. 131153) Rumisha, C., D.K. Barongo, J.L. Saiperaki, S.F. Materu and R.H. Mdegela0 Devils in distress: insights into the composition and genetic population structure of devil rays landed in the Southwestern Indian Ocean. Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci. 77(103695):1-7. (Ref. 131614) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) FB-pic-2588-2848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-02-10 2006-06-16 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2588 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 15 1.1'N, 40 11.8'E Locality: Zubayr Island, Red Sea, Eritrea. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Mothu_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Mothu_u0.jpg Locality: Zubayr Island, Red Sea, Eritrea. FB-pic-2588-4245 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-30 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2588 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Mothu_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Mothu_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-2588 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2588 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Occurs in coastal and oceanic waters, but more common near the coast (Ref. 9256). Found singly or in small groups (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 12951); mostly small shrimp-like animals (Ref.58048). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Caught occasionally in the tuna gillnet and in harpoon fisheries. Utilized for its gill filter plates (high value), meat, cartilage and skin (Ref.58048). Can leap out of the water. Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens 1994 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2588 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-11-28 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2588 A moderate-sized devilray with a short head bearing short head fins; dorsal fin white-tipped, and pectoral fins with swept-back tips and a prominent double bend to the front margins; upper disc sparsely covered with small, blunt denticles and tail shorter than disc, with no spine (Ref. 5578). Dark blue to black above; white below, with silvery pectoral fin tips (Ref. 5578). No caudal fin (Ref. 5578). Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) FB-Distribution-2588 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-10-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2588 Circumglobal in tropical seas. Indian Ocean: off South Africa, Bay of Bengal, and probably Indonesia (Ref. 9911). Eastern Central Pacific: From Gulf of California to Chile (Ref. 130539). Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FB-Uses-2588 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2588 fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Compagno, L.J.V. 1997 Mobulidae. Devil rays. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. (Ref. 9911) FB-LifeCycle-2588 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2588&StockCode=2784 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). With one large offspring per gestation period. Size at birth 65-85 cm (Ref. 6871). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-2588 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-10-30 00:00:00 2000-11-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public thurstoni http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Occurs in coastal and oceanic waters, but more common near the coast. Found singly or in small groups. Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans. Michael, S.W. 1993 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) FB-Size-2588 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2588 220 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850)) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2588 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2588 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy pelagic-oceanic; marine; depth range 0 - 100 m (Ref. 12951) Michael, S.W. 1993 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951)