FB-2688 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2688 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Salmoniformes Salmonidae Oncorhynchus Oncorhynchus clarkii (Richardson, 1836) Losos clarka Rødstrubet ørred Clark's trout Coast cutthroat trout Coastal cutthroat Coastal cutthroat trout Colorado River Cutthroat Colorado River cutthroat trout Cutthroat trout Lake trout Red-throated trout Sea trout Short-tailed trout Yellowstone cutthroat Clarki forell Punakurkkulohi Truite Truite fardée T'ak'al Strupsnittsöring Trucha de garganta cortada Trucha degollada K'wsech Talaa'ik 克拉克大麻哈魚 克拉克大麻哈鱼 克氏鮭(山鱒) 克氏鲑(山鳟) 褐色鮭 褐色鲑 Fario clarkii (Richardson, 1836) Fario stellatus Girard, 1856 Oncorhynchus clarki (Richardson, 1836) Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883) Oncorhynchus clarki clarki (Richardson, 1836) Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi (Girard, 1856) Oncorhynchus clarki pleuriticus (Cope, 1872) Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883) Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii (Richardson, 1836) Oncorhynchus clarkii humboldtensis Trotter & Behnke, 2008 Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi (Girard, 1856) Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus (Cope, 1872) Parasalmo clarkii (Richardson, 1836) Salar lewisi Girard, 1856 Salmo brevicauda Suckley, 1861 Salmo clarki Richardson, 1836 Salmo clarki clarki Richardson, 1836 Salmo clarki lewisi (Girard, 1856) Salmo clarkii Richardson, 1836 Salmo clarkii alpestris Dymond, 1931 Salmo clarkii clarkii Richardson, 1836 Salmo clarkii lewisi (Girard, 1856) Salmo lewisi (Girard, 1856) Salmo mykiss (non Walbaum, 1792) Salmo pleuriticus Cope, 1872 Salmo purpuratus (non Pallas, 1814) Salmo purpuratus bouvieri Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 Salmo stellatus (Girard, 1856) 1991-05-01 2024-11-26 ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. 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(Ref. 119194) Crespi, B.J. and R. Teo0 Comparative phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of semelparity and life history in salmonid fishes. Evolution 56(5):1008-1020. (Ref. 124902) McCarrick, D.K., J.C. Dillon, B. High and M.C. Quist0 Population dynamics of yellowstone cutthroat trout in Henrys Lake, Idaho. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 13(1):169-181. (Ref. 126388) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Whiteley, A.R., B.E. Penaluna, E.B. Taylor, S. Weiss, A. Abadia-Cardoso, D. Gomez-Uchida, I. Koizumi and P. Trotter0 Trout and char: Taxonomy, systematics, and phylogeography. In Kershner, J.L., J.E. Williams, R.E. Gresswell and J. Lobón-Cerviá. Trout and char of the World, pp. 95-140. (Ref. 130810) Meyer, K.A. and D.J. Schill0 The Gill-Oxygen Limitation Theory and size at maturity / maximum size relationships for salmonid populations occupying flowing waters. J. Fish Biol. 98(1):44-49. (Ref. 132188) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-2688 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-11-26 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2688 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Prefers relatively small streams, with gravel bottoms and gentle gradients. Spawning adults migrate from the sea into streams to spawn (Ref. 27547). The young fish usually stay in the stream for a year or two before entering the sea, but some populations never got to sea at all. In rare cases, some individuals of sea-going populations, may remain in fresh water for as long as eight years (Ref. 28866, 28869). Feeds on small fishes, crustaceans, and insects (Ref. 4925). The flesh is orange-red and of excellent flavor (Ref. 27547). Utilized fresh and eaten fried, broiled, and baked (Ref. 9988). This species does not compete well with other fish, tends to hybridize, and is unable to withstand fishing pressure = depletion of stocks. Coad, B.W. 1995 Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions Inc. Singapore. (Ref. 12204) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2688 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-09-05 00:00:00 1999-04-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2688 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Color is variable. Generally dark green to greenish-blue on back, olive-green on upper flank, silvery on lower flank and belly; flanks spots below lateral line are more numerous anteriorly; irregular spots on dorsal, adipose and caudal fins and the anal, pectoral and pelvic fin bases; gill covers are pinkish. Those found at sea or recent migrants to freshwater are silvery with a bluish back, yellowish lower flanks and fins, and sparse spots. Coad, B.W. 1995 Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions Inc. Singapore. (Ref. 12204) FB-Morphology-2688 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-09-05 00:00:00 1999-04-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2688 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 11; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 8 - 12 Coad, B.W. 1995 Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions Inc. Singapore. (Ref. 12204) FB-Distribution-2688 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2688 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Eastern Pacific: northern parts of Prince William Sound, Alaska, south to the Eel River in northern California, USA and is found in most streams emptying into the Pacific.Widely introduced into various streams and lakes within its natural range, as well as into a few lakes in eastern North America. In some streams it may be the most numerous sport fish present, while other streams support only small populations. At least 14 subspecies have been historically recognized (Ref. 5723). Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-Uses-2688 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-11-26 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2688 fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums Frimodt, C. 1995 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. (Ref. 9988) Welcomme, R.L. 1988 International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p. (Ref. 1739) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) Newman, L. 1995 Census of fish at the Vancouver aquarium, 1994. Unpublished manuscript. (Ref. 9183) FB-Migration-2688 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-11-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2688 Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-LifeCycle-2688 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-11-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2688&StockCode=2884 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Spawning occurs both daytime and nighttime. The female selects a site and builds a redd while the male courts her and drives away other males. Upon completion of the redd, the female settles into the pitt, immediately followed by the male. The pair releases eggs and sperm simultaneously and the eggs fall into the spaces between the gravel. The female then moves to the upstream edge of the redd and resumes digging, thereby covering the eggs. When completely covered, the female may use the new redd to spawn once more or she may look for another spot and repeat the entire process. Both males and females spawn with one or more members of the opposite sex (Ref. 12204, 27547). Reproductive strategy: synchronous ovarian organization, determinate fecundity (Ref. 51846). Coad, B.W. 1995 Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions Inc. Singapore. (Ref. 12204) FB-TrophicStrategy-2688 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-01-24 00:00:00 2007-07-31 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public clarkii http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Prefers relatively small streams, with gravel bottoms and gentle gradients. Spawning adults migrate from the sea into streams to spawn (Ref. 27547). The young fish usually stay in the stream for a year or two before entering the sea, but some populations never got to sea at all. In rare cases, some individuals of sea-going populations, may remain in fresh water for as long as eight years (Ref. 28866, 28869). Feeds on small fishes, crustaceans, and insects (Ref. 4925). Jørgensen, S.E. (ed.) 1979 Handbook of environmental data and ecological parameters. Int. Soc. Ecol. Modelling. Copenhagen. (Ref. 1785) FB-Size-2688 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-11-26 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2688 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses 99.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 12204)); max. published weight: 18.6 kg (Ref. 9988); max. reported age: 13 years (Ref. 119181) Coad, B.W. 1995 Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions Inc. Singapore. (Ref. 12204) Frimodt, C. 1995 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. (Ref. 9988) Janowicz, M.E., W. Załachowski, A. Rybczyk, S. Dalton, E. Fernandes and N.F. Fontoura 2018 Age, growth and reproductive biology of threatened westslope cutthroat trout <i>Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi</i> inhabiting small mountain streams. J. Fish. Biol. 2018:1-13. (Ref. 119181) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-2688-11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-03-17 00:00:00 2004-03-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=2688&StockCode=2884 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Enteric Redmouth Disease. Bacterial diseases Horne, M.T. and A.C. Barnes 1999 Enteric redmouth disease (<i>Yersinia ruckeri</i>). p.455-477. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol. 3: Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CAB Int'l. (Ref. 48849) FB-Habitat-2688 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-11-26 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2688 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size demersal; anadromous (Ref. 27547); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 200 m (Ref. 50610) Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) Russian Academy of Sciences 2000 Catalog of vertebrates of Kamchatka and adjacent waters. Kamchatsky Pechatny Dvor, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia. 166 p. (Ref. 50610)