<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><response xmlns="http://www.eol.org/transfer/content/0.1"
	xmlns:xsd="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
	xmlns:dc="https://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:dcterms="https://purl.org/dc/terms/"
	xmlns:geo="https://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#"
	xmlns:dwc="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/dwcore/"
	xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.eol.org/transfer/content/0.1 http://services.eol.org/schema/content_0_2.xsd">
<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-27023</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=27023</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Elasmobranchii</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Squaliformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Etmopteridae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Etmopterus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Etmopterus splendidus Yano, 1988</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Marbled freshwater whip ray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Võrkjas nuutrai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Gemarmerde zoetwaterpijlstaartrog</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Trey bawbel</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Trey påbel</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Trey prabel</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>克氏窄尾魟</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Dasyatis krempfi (Chabanaud, 1923)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Dasybatus krempfi Chabanaud, 1923</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1997-05-23</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2021-07-07</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=27028'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3902&amp;speccode=27028'>Overseas Technical Cooperation Agency0 Sambor Project Report. Lower Mekong River Basin. vol. 6. Fishery. Supplementary Material to Volume 1. Overseas Technical Cooperation Agency, Japan. (Ref. 3902)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=27028'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12041&amp;speccode=27028'>Kottelat, M.0 Zoogeography of the fishes from Indochinese inland waters with an annotated check-list. Bull. Zoöl. Mus. Univ. Amsterdam 12(1):1-55. (Ref. 12041)</reference>
	<reference isbn='92-5-103743-4.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12693&amp;speccode=27028'>Rainboth, W.J.0 Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes.  FAO, Rome, 265 p. (Ref. 12693)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26282&amp;speccode=27028'>Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=27028'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=32444&amp;speccode=27028'>Taniuchi, T.0 Preliminary report on freshwater stingrays in Thailand and Laos. p. 7-33. In Adaptability and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research) in the financial year of 1996 and 1997. 119 p. (Ref. 32444)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=32457&amp;speccode=27028'>Wongrat, P.0 Whip-tailed freshwater stingrays family Dasyatidae of Thailand. p. 35-40. In Adaptability and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research) in the financial year of 1996 and 1997. 119 p. (Ref. 32457)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-8018-6048-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35766&amp;speccode=27028'>Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36654&amp;speccode=27028'>Kottelat, M.0 Fresh-water fishes of Kampuchea. Hydrobiologia 121:249-279. (Ref. 36654)</reference>
	<reference isbn='974-89954-6-1.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=37773&amp;speccode=27028'>Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn and T. Songsirikul0 Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Thailand. 353 p. (Ref. 37773)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40953&amp;speccode=27028'>Deynat, P.P. and Y. Fermon0 Resurrection of &lt;i&gt;Himantura oxyrhyncha&lt;/i&gt; (Sauvage, 1878), from the synonymy of &lt;i&gt;H. uarnak&lt;/i&gt;, a senior synonym of &lt;i&gt;H. krempfi&lt;/i&gt; (Chabanaud, 1923) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae). Cybium 25(2):161-176. (Ref. 40953)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43454&amp;speccode=27028'>Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50449&amp;speccode=27028'>Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=27028'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=27028'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=27028'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=27028'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=27028'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=27028'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=114953&amp;speccode=27028'>Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor0 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1849954984' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128868&amp;speccode=27028'>Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. 	Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-pic-27028-17090</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage</dataType>
	<mimeType>image/gif</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.us/collaborators/CollaboratorSummary.php?id=823' logoURL='' role='photographer'> FAO</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-05-23</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2010-07-09</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged</dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=27028</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description></dc:description>
	<mediaURL>http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hikre_u0.gif</mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL>http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Hikre_u0.gif</thumbnailURL>
	<location></location></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-27028</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1997-05-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-10-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=27028</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Inhabits estuaries and large rivers, often far upstream.  Usually found over sandy substrates where it feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 12693).  Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='92-5-103743-4.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12693&amp;speccode=27028'>Rainboth, W.J. 1996 Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes.  FAO, Rome, 265 p. (Ref. 12693)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-27028</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2001-07-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-11-15 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=27028</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>Plain ventral surface; reticulate pattern on dorsal surface; spiral valve with 11-14 turns.</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='92-5-103743-4.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12693&amp;speccode=27028'>Rainboth, W.J. 1996 Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes.  FAO, Rome, 265 p. (Ref. 12693)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-27028</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1997-05-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2004-01-21 18:21:37</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=27028</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Asia:  Chao Phraya (Thailand) and Mekong basins.</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12041&amp;speccode=27028'>Kottelat, M. 1989 Zoogeography of the fishes from Indochinese inland waters with an annotated check-list. Bull. Zoöl. Mus. Univ. Amsterdam 12(1):1-55. (Ref. 12041)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-27028</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1997-05-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-10-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=27028</dc:source>
	<dc:description>fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=32457&amp;speccode=27028'>Wongrat, P. 1998 Whip-tailed freshwater stingrays family Dasyatidae of Thailand. p. 35-40. In Adaptability and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research) in the financial year of 1996 and 1997. 119 p. (Ref. 32457)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-LifeCycle-27028</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1997-05-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-10-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=27028&amp;StockCode=21145</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).  Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=27028'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-27028</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1997-05-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-10-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=27028</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>40.0 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 12693))</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='92-5-103743-4.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12693&amp;speccode=27028'>Rainboth, W.J. 1996 Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes.  FAO, Rome, 265 p. (Ref. 12693)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-27028</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1997-05-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-10-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=27028</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; freshwater; brackish</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location></dataObject>
</taxon>
</response>