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(Ref. 83882) Clarke, A. and N.M. Johnston0 Scaling of metabolic rate with body mass and temperature in teleost fish. J. Anim. Ecol. 68:893-905. (Ref. 85173) Collette, B.B. and G. Klein-MacPhee (eds.)0 Bigelow and Schroeder’s fishes of the Gulf of Maine, third ed. Caldwell, N.J. : Blackburn Press, 577 p.: ill.; 27 cm. (Ref. 86779) Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr0 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Monti, D., P. Keith and E. Vigneux0 Atlas des poissons et des crustacés d’eau douce de Guadeloupe. Heritage Natural 69:128 p. (Ref. 91643) Murdy, E.O. and J.A. Musick0 Field guide to fishes of the Chesapeake Bay. JHU Press, 360 p. (Ref. 93252) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Page, L.M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden and J.S. Nelson0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada and Mexico, 7th edition. Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, 384 p. (Ref. 96293) Marohn, L., E. Prigge and R. Hanel0 Introduced American eels <i>Anguilla rostrata</i> in European waters: life-history traits in a non-native environment. J. Fish Biol. 84(6):1740-1747. (Ref. 96398) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) Cheung, W.L., R. Watson and D. Pauly0 Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch. Nature 497:365-368. (Ref. 107945) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Jacoby, D., J. Casselman, M. De Lucia and M. Gollock0 Anguilla rostrata (amended version of 2014 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T191108A121739077. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T191108A121739077.en. Downloaded on 15 March 2018. (Ref. 117426) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Seibel, B.A. and J.C. Drazen0 The rate of metabolism in marine animals: environmental constraints, ecological demands and energetic opportunities. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 362:2061-2078. (Ref. 119118) NOAA Office of Science and Technology0 Commercial fisheries statistics. https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/commercial-fisheries/commercial-landings/other-specialized-programs/great-lakes-landings/index. (Ref. 120328) Ontario Commercial Fisheries’ Association0 Fisheries Statistics. http://www.ocfa.ca/fisheries-industry/fisheries-statistics. Accessed 4/2019 (Ref. 120333) Eakins, R.J.0 American eel. Ontario Freshwater Fishes Life History Database. Version 4.85. Online database. (http://www.ontariofishes.ca; http://www.ontariofishes.ca/home.htm), accessed 25 June 2019. (Ref. 120595) Jessop, B.M.0 Life history of America eels from Western Newfoundland. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 138:861-871. (Ref. 120727) Fahay, M.P.0 Biological and fisheries data on American eel, <i>Anguilla rostrata</i> (LeSueur). Technical Series Report No. 17, 96p. (Ref. 120732) Shulman, M. and R. Paine0 The birth of a fishery. NOAA 4(1):48-51. (Ref. 120733) Eales, J.G.0 The eel fisheries of eastern Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 166: 79 p. (Ref. 120734) Vladykov, V.D.0 Eel, fishes of Quebec. Quebec Dept. of Fisheries, Album no. 6, 1-12. (Ref. 120735) Minnesota Sea Grant0 Lake Superior's fish species. http://www.seagrant.umn.edu/fisheries/superior_fish_species. Accessed on 27 August 2019. (Ref. 120875) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Simian, G., D. Abraham, N. Bailly, P. Béarez, F. Urtizberea, A. Perrot, H. Goraguer, R. Langlois, P. Daszkiewicz, F. Teletchea, S. Tercerie and G. Denys0 Checklist of fishes from the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago. Cybium 46(4):371-384. (Ref. 132183) WDNR, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources0 Wisconsin Fish Species List.. World Wide Web electronic publication, Accessed 05 Oct. 2024. Madison (USA, WI): Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 6 p. https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/sites/default/files/topic/Fishing/Species_wifish.pdf (Ref. 132215) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-296-51402 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2009-07-23 2009-07-23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=296 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Anros_u3.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Anros_u3.gif FB-GeneralDescr-296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2019-03-14 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=296 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Occurs in streams, rivers, muddy or silt-bottomed lakes (Ref. 5951); usually in permanent streams with continuous flow (Ref. 86798). Hides during the day in undercut banks and in deep pools near logs and boulders (Ref. 86798). Feeds on larvae of Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, and Lepidoptera, as well as gastropods, oligochaetes, amphipods, isopods, mysids, and fish from the families Percidae, Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae, Catostomidae and Anguillidae (Ref. 9593). Migrates in autumn to the Sargasso Sea to spawn (Ref. 3242). Sexual maturity occurs approximately in less than10 years and up to 40 years in freshwater (Ref. 57533). Larvae (transparent leptocephali shaped somewhat like a willow leaf) hatch and develop at sea to metamorphose into elvers in nearshore waters and estuaries (Ref. 57533). Adults are caught with eel pots and trot lines. Elvers and glass eels are caught with fine mesh fyke nets and dipnets. Catadromous species. (Ref. 26938). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 57178. Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723) FB-DiagnosticDescr-296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2013-10-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=296 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Head rather long; eyes small and placed well forward on head. Lips thick. Caudal vertebrae without transverse processes. Premaxillae not developed as distinct elements in adults. Frontal bones paired, not grown together. Pectoral girdle with 7 to 9 (up to 11 in the young) radial elements. Adults usually white or light-colored below and brownish to blue-black above, but coloration is variable; young with some yellow on the edges of the dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 30499). Caudal fin rounded, joined to dorsal and anal fins. Gill opening on side in front of lower half of well-developed pectoral fin; lower jaw longer than upper; 103-111 vertebrae (Ref. 26938). Wenner, C.A. 1978 Anguillidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). volume 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3242) FB-Morphology-296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2013-10-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=296 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 0; Analspines: 0 Wenner, C.A. 1978 Anguillidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). volume 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3242) FB-Distribution-296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-01-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=296 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Northwest to western Central Atlantic: Greenland south along the Atlantic coast of Canada and the USA to Panama, and throughout much of the West Indies south to Trinidad. Greenfield, D.W. and J.E. Thomerson 1997 Fishes of the continental waters of Belize. University Press of Florida, Florida. 311 p. (Ref. 30499) FB-Uses-296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2019-03-14 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=296 fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) FAO 1997 Aquaculture production statistics 1986-1995. FAO Fish. Circ. 815, Rev. 9. 195 p. International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) Nigrelli, R.F. 1959 Longevity of fishes in captivity, with special reference to those kept in the New York Aquarium. p. 212-230. In G.E.W. Wolstehnolmen and M. O'Connor (eds.) Ciba Foundation Colloquium on Ageing: the life span of animals. Vol. 5., Churchill, London. (Ref. 273) FB-Migration-296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2019-03-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=296 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Catadromous. Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g., European eels. Subdivision of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938) FB-LifeCycle-296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2019-03-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=296&StockCode=310 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Undertakes migration in autumn to the Sargasso Sea where spawning is said to take place. Coloration changes with sexual maturation. Dorsal surface of the pectorals becomes dark, lateral line becomes prominent, eye diameter increases and visual pigments change, body takes on a silvery bronze coloration. Females are usually larger than males and migrate much farther upstream (Ref. 57533). Adults die after spawning (Ref. 30499).Spawn at sea but growth occurs in estuaries or freshwater (Ref. 7135). Spawning grounds believed to be between 20° and 30°N and 60°and 75°W (Ref. 40916, 40917). Thresher, R.E. 1984 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) FB-TrophicStrategy-296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2014-09-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public rostrata http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Observed transient in the intertidal zone (Ref.49162). Occur usually in permanent streams with continuous flow. Hide during the day in undercut banks and in deep pools near logs and boulders. Feed on larvae of Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, and Lepidoptera, as well as gastropods, oligochaetes, amphipods, isopods, mysids, and fish from the families Percidae, Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae, Catostomidae and Anguillidae (Ref. 9593). Migrate in autumn to the Sargasso Sea to spawn (Ref. 3242). Adults are caught with eel pots and trot lines. Elvers and glass eels are caught with fine mesh fyke nets and dipnets. Catadromous species. (Ref. 26938). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 57178. Feeding ceases with the onset of the reproductive migration. Parasites of the species in fresh water include 1 protozoan, 3 myxosporidians, 11 trematodes, 5 cestodes, 4 nematodes, 2 acanthocephalans and 3 copepods; in brackish water, protozoan Myxidium zealandicum (found on gills and kidney) (Ref. 5951). Facey, D.E. and G.W. Labar 1981 Biology of American eels in Lake Champlain, Vermont. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 110(3):396-402. (Ref. 30611) FB-Size-296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2019-03-14 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=296 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses 152 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 26938)); 122 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 7,330 g (Ref. 4699); max. reported age: 43 years (Ref. 40922) Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) Jessop, B.M. 1987 Migrating American eels in Nova Scotia. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 116(2):161-170. (Ref. 40922) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-296-157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-03-23 00:00:00 2004-03-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=296&StockCode=310 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Aeromonosis. Bacterial diseases Aoki, T. 1999 Motile Aeromonads (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>). p.427-453. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol. 3: Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CAB Int'l. (Ref. 48848) FB-Diseases-296-1503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-03-17 00:00:00 2005-03-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=296&StockCode=310 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Hysterothylacium Infection 7. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Diseases-296-1630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2006-01-24 00:00:00 2006-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=296&StockCode=310 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Johnstonmawsonia Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Habitat-296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2019-03-14 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=296 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats demersal; catadromous (Ref. 26938); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 464 m (Ref. 57178) Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938) Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2006 OBIS-extracted Depth Data. Harvested by E.Agbayani July 2006 at www.iobis.org.