FB-3059 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3059 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Percopsiformes Amblyopsidae Amblyopsis Amblyopsis spelaea DeKay, 1842 Stor hulefisk Nördlicher Höhlenfisch Northern Cavefish Northern cavefish Koopa-pimesilm Severna jamska riba 洞鱸 (盲鮰) 洞鲈 (盲鮰) Amblyopsis spelaeus DeKay, 1842 Amblyopsis spelea DeKay, 1842 1991-05-01 2024-01-23 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814) IUCN0 1990 IUCN red list of threatened animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. 288 p. (Ref. 3881) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) World Conservation Monitoring Center0 Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's living resources. Chapman and Hall, London. 594 p. (Ref. 5326) Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr0 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723) IUCN0 1994 IUCN red list of threatened animals. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. (Ref. 6376) Balon, E.K.0 Epigenesis of an epigeneticist: the development of some alternative concepts on the early ontogeny and evolution of fishes. Guelph Ichthyol. Rev. 1:1-48. (Ref. 7471) Hugg, D.O.0 MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. and Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater, Maryland, USA. (Ref. 12193) Baillie, J. and B. Groombridge (eds.)0 1996 IUCN red list of threatened animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 378 p. (Ref. 12255) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282) Proudlove, G.S.0 A synopsis of the hypogean fishes of the world. p. 351-354. In Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Speleology, La Chaux de Fonds, Switzerland. vol. 3. (Ref. 27297) Proudlove, G.S.0 Checklist of cave-dwelling fishes of the world, to 1998. Unpublished. (Ref. 27299) Romero, A. and L. Bennis0 Threatened fishes of the world: <i>Amblyopsis spelaea</i> DeKay, 1842 (Amblyopsidae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 51(4):420. (Ref. 27795) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Poulson, T.L.0 Cave adaptation in amblyopsid fishes. Am. Midl. Nat. 70(2):257-290. (Ref. 34868) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Hilton-Taylor, C.0 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61 p. (with 1 CD-ROM). (Ref. 36508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Romero, A. and Z. Lomax0 Jacques Besson, cave eels and other alleged European cave fishes. J. Spelean Hist. 34(2):72-77. (Ref. 44749) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Poly, W.J. and G.S. Proudlove0 Family Amblyopsidae Bonaparte 1846 cavefishes. Calif. Acad. Sci. Annotated Checklists of Fishes (25):7. (Ref. 51651) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Jelks, H.L., S.J. Walsh, N.M. Burkhead, S. Contreras-Balderas, E. Díaz-Pardo, D.A. Hendrickson, J. Lyons, N.E. Mandrak, F. McCormick, J.S. Nelson, S.P. Platania, B.A. Porter, C.B. Renaud, J.J. Schmitter-Soto, E.B. Taylor and M.L. Warren Jr.0 Conservation status of imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous fishes. Fisheries 33(8):372-407. (Ref. 81264) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante0 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-3059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-11 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3059 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Blind and depigmented. Despite the lack of eyes it does respond to light and moves away from it (scotophilia). Adults inhabit subterranean water or caves which have consolidated mud-rock substrates in shoals and silt-sand substrates in pools but is more often found in caves with uniform silt-sand substrates (Ref. 34868). This species has low reproduction rate and broods eggs in gill cavity for up to 4-5 months (Ref. 557; 34868; 27795). Can live for 2 years without food because of low metabolic rate (Ref. 5326). Top predator. Romero, A. and L. Bennis 1998 Threatened fishes of the world: <i>Amblyopsis spelaea</i> DeKay, 1842 (Amblyopsidae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 51(4):420. (Ref. 27795) FB-DiagnosticDescr-3059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1998-11-17 00:00:00 1998-12-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3059 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Pink-white. No eyes (vestigial eye tissues under skin). Extremely small pelvic fins (rarely absent). Large, broad head. Caudal fin with 4-6 rows of papillae; 11-13 branched caudal rays. Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723) FB-Morphology-3059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1998-11-17 00:00:00 1998-12-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3059 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9 - 11; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 8 - 11; Vertebrae: 29 - 30 Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723) FB-Distribution-3059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2005-08-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3059 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size North America: Indiana and Kentucky, U.S.A. Romero, A. and L. Bennis 1998 Threatened fishes of the world: <i>Amblyopsis spelaea</i> DeKay, 1842 (Amblyopsidae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 51(4):420. (Ref. 27795) FB-Uses-3059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-11 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3059 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: of no interest FB-LifeCycle-3059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=3059&StockCode=3255 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Female incubates eggs in gill cavities (Ref. 7471). Balon, E.K. 1990 Epigenesis of an epigeneticist: the development of some alternative concepts on the early ontogeny and evolution of fishes. Guelph Ichthyol. Rev. 1:1-48. (Ref. 7471) FB-Size-3059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-11 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3059 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription 11.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5723)) Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-3059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-11 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3059 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution demersal; non-migratory (Ref. 126106); freshwater Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106)