FB-3609 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3609 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Acanthuriformes Pomacanthidae Holacanthus Holacanthus ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1758) Nefrytek krolweski Anjo-rainha Borboleta Enxada Papu Paru-rajado Paru branco Parum-amarelo Parum-dourado Parum-jandaia Peixe-borboleta Dronningekejserfisk Königinfisch Angelfish Blue angelfish Golden angelfish Pangler Queen angel Queen angelfish Queen anglefish Yellow angelfish Diadeem-meriinglike Demoiselle royale Hokuro-yakko Ángel reina Cachama de piedra Guinea Isabelita Isabelita patale Isabelita reina Gele engelvis Rei'i chamba Rei 'i chamba 額斑刺蝶魚 额斑刺蝶鱼 Angelichthys ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1758) Angelichthys iodocus (Jordan & Rutter, 1897) Chaetodon ciliaris Linnaeus, 1758 Chaetodon parrae Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Chaetodon squamulosus Shaw, 1796 Holacanthus cornutus Desmarest, 1823 Holacanthus coronatus Desmarest, 1823 Holacanthus formosus Castelnau, 1855 Holacanthus iodocus Jordan & Rutter, 1897 Holacanthus lunatus Blosser, 1909 Holocanthus ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1758) Holocanthus lunatus Blosser, 1909 1991-05-01 2001-02-20 Thresher, R.E.0 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) Linnaeus, C.0 Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordinus, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 824 p. (Ref. 1652) Aiken, K.A.0 The biology, ecology and bionomics of the butterfly and angelfishes, Chaetodontidae. p.155-165. In J.L. Munro (ed.) Caribbean coral reef fishery resources. ICLARM Stud. Rev. 7. 276 p. (Ref. 3190) Burgess, W.E.0 Pomacanthidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 3. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3797) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Allen, G.R.0 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez0 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217) Böhlke, J.E. and C.C.G. Chaplin0 Fishes of the Bahamas and adjacent tropical waters. 2nd edition. University of Texas Press, Austin. (Ref. 5521) Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer0 INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077) Bohnsack, J.A. and D.E. Harper0 Length-weight relationships of selected marine reef fishes from the southeastern United States and the Caribbean. NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-SEFC-215:31 p. (Ref. 6937) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray0 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) Menezes, N.A. and J.L. Figueiredo0 Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. V.Teleostei (4). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. 105 p. (Ref. 9062) Cervigón, F.0 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626) Lieske, E. and R. Myers0 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) Humann, P.0 Reef fish identification: Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. New World Publications, Jacksonville, Florida. 426 p. (Ref. 9761) Sadovy, Y.0 A preliminary assessment of the marine aquarium export trade in Puerto Rico. Proceedings of the Seventh International Coral Reef Symposium, Guam, Vol. 2, p. 1014-1021. (Ref. 12090) Shao, K.-T.0 A checklist of fishes recorded in Taiwan and their distribution around Taiwan. Unpublished database, version of April 1997. (Ref. 12711) Lubbock, R. and A. Edwards0 The fishes of Saint Paul's Rocks. J. Fish Biol. 18(2):135-157. (Ref. 13121) Randall, J.E.0 Caribbean reef fishes. Third Edition - revised and enlarged. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Hong Kong. 3nd ed. 368 p. (Ref. 13442) Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura and E. Fujii (eds.)0 Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 519 p. (Ref. 13608) Sánchez, A.C.0 Listado taxonomico de las especies marinas identificadas en los océanos Pacífico y Atlántico (Caribe) de Nicaragua. Ministerio de Economía y Desarrollo. MEDE PESCA. Managua. 28 p. (Ref. 13613) Ogden, J.C., J.A. Yntema and I. Clavijo0 An annotated list of the fishes of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Spec. Publ. No. 3. (Ref. 26180) Bouchon-Navaro, Y. and M. Louis0 Les poissons des formations corallienes de la Martinique. Ann. Inst. Océanogr., Paris 62(2):251-270. (Ref. 26252) Acero, A.P.0 Zoogeographical implications of the distribution of selected families of Caribbean coral reef fishes. Proc. of the Fifth International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti, Vol. 5. (Ref. 26280) Claro, R.0 Características generales de la ictiofauna. p. 55-70. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo. (Ref. 26340) Crossman, E.J.0 Collecting trip to St. Lucia. Dept. Ichthyology & Herpetology. 32 p. (Ref. 26827) Smith, C.L.0 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938) Silva, M.0 Especies identificadas en las pesquerias costeras artesanales del Suroeste de la Republica Dominica. Reportes del Propescar-Sur: contribuciones al conocimiento de las pesquerías en la República Dominicana. Vol. 1, 47p. (Ref. 27620) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's underwater photos. Collection of almost 2,000 underwater photos (slides). Unpublished. (Ref. 28620) Randolph, S. and M. Snyder0 The seafood list: FDA's guide to acceptable market names for seafood sold in interstate commerce. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, USA. pag. var. (Ref. 30426) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Gibbons, S.0 Collect fish on stamps. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., London and Ringwood. 418 p. (Ref. 31522) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Ramjohn, D.D.0 Checklist of coastal and marine fishes of Trinidad and Tobago. Marine Fishery Analysis Unit, Fisheries Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Trinidad and Tobago. Fisheries Information Series 8, 151 p. (Ref. 33407) Pollnac, R.B.0 Aspects of the human ecology of the coral reefs of Discovery Bay. p. 141-199. In R.B. Pollnac (ed.) Rapid assessment of management parameters for coral reefs. Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island. CMR 2205, ICLARM 1445. (Ref. 35141) Zaneveld, J.S.0 Caribbean Fish Life. Index to the local and scientific names of the marine fishes and fishlike invertebrates of the Caribbean area (Tropical Western Central Atlantic Ocean). E.J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys, Leiden, 163p. (Ref. 35205) Nomura, H.0 Dicionário dos peixes do Brasil. Brasília: Editerra. 482p. (Ref. 38265) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) de Godoy, M.P.0 Peixes do estado de Santa Catarina. Editora da UFSC, co-edição ELETROSUL e FURB, Florianópolis. 571p. (Ref. 38913) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Lima, H.H. and A.M. Oliveira0 Segunda contribuição ao conhecimento dos nomes vulgares de peixes marinhos do nordeste brasileiro. Boletim de Ciências do Mar(29):1-26. (Ref. 42067) Soares, L.H.0 Catálogo dos peixes do litoral do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Boletim do Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia do Centro de Biociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte 7:1-39. (Ref. 42070) Szpilman, M.0 Peixes marinhos do Brasil: guia prático de identificação. Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Ecológico Aqualung. 288 p. (Ref. 42071) Pattengill, C.V., B.X. Semmens and S.R. Gittings0 Reef fish trophic structure at the Flower Gardens and Stetson Bank, NW Gulf of Mexico. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Sym. 1:1023-1028. (Ref. 42240) Rooker, J.R., Q.R. Dokken, C.V. Pattengill and G.J. Holt0 Fish assemblages on artificial and natural reefs in the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, USA. Coral Reefs 16:83-92. (Ref. 45556) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Monteiro-Neto, C., F.E.A. Cunha, M.C. Nottingham, M.E. Araújo, I.L. Rosa and G.M.L. Barros0 Analysis of the marine ornamental fish trade at Ceará State, northeast Brazil. Biodivers. Conserv. 12:1287-1295. (Ref. 49392) Martin, F.D. and J.W. Patus0 An annotated key to the teleost fishes of Puerto Rico. Compendio Enciclopedico de los Recursos Nat. 5:1-191. (Ref. 50307) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Nahím, H.R. and F. Cervigón0 Peces del archipiélago Los Roques. Agencia Española de Cooperacíon Internacional. 304 p. (Ref. 51848) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Burgess, W.E.0 Pomacanthidae. Angelfishes. p. 1673-1683. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. (Ref. 52702) Claro, R. and L.R. Parenti0 The marine ichthyofauna of Cuba. p. 21-57. In Claro, R., K.C. Lindeman and L.R. Parenti (eds) Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press, Wahsington and London. 253p. (Ref. 54206) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of May 2005. Database dump. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in May 2005. (Ref. 54621) Florida Museum of Natural History0 Biological profiles: queen angelfish. Retrieved on 26 August 2005, from www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/AngelQueen/angelQueen.htm. Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History: Education-Biological Profiles. FLMNH, University of Florida. (Ref. 55265) Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff0 Reef fish community structure in Bocas del Toro (Caribbean, Panamá): Gradients in habitat complexity and exposure. Caribbean J. Sci. 41(3):613-637. (Ref. 57616) Floeter, S.R., J.L. Gasparini, L.A. Rocha, C.E.L. Ferreira, C.A. Rangel and B.M. Feitoza0 Brazilian reef fish fauna: checklist and remarks (updated Jan. 2003). Brazilian Reef Fish Project: www.brazilianreeffish.cjb.net. (Ref. 57756) Feitoza, B.M., L.A. Rocha, O.J. Luiz-Júnior, S.R. Floeter and J.L. Gasparini0 Reef fishes of St. Paul's Rocks: new records and notes on biology and zoogeography. aqua, J. Ichthyol. Aquat. Biol. 7(2):61-82. (Ref. 58047) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Erdman, D.S.0 Nombres vulgares de los peces en Puerto Rico (Common names of fishes in Puerto Rico). Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Technical report, vol 3. no. 2, second revised edition. 44 p. (Ref. 58971) McEachran, J.D. and J.D. Fechhelm0 Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. Vol. 2. Austin : University of Texas Press. viii+1004p. (Ref. 78464) de Boer, B., D. Hoogerwerf, I. Kristensen and J. Post0 Antillean fish guide. STINAPA No. 7. Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles): Caribbean Marine Biological Institute. (Ref. 79544) Albins, M.A. and M.A. Hixon0 Invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish <i>Pterois volitans</i> reduce recruitment of Atlantic coral-reef fishes. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 367:233-238. (Ref. 79593) Menezes, N.A., P.A. Buckup, J.L. Figueiredo and R.L. Moura0 Catálogo das espécies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. São Paulo. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 160 pp. (Ref. 80860) Feitoza, B.M., R.S. Rosa and L.A. Rocha0 Ecology and zoogeography of deep-reef fishes in Northeastern Brazil. Bull. Mar. Sci. 76(3):725-742. (Ref. 84211) Belize Tropical Research and Education Center0 Species lists. https://www.belizemarinetrec.com/links/ [Accessed 27/03/2025]. (Ref. 87232) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated internet version of 30 April 2013. Catalog databases of CAS cited in FishBase (website). (Ref. 93382) Dulčić, J., B. Dragičević, N. Antolović, Kozul, V. Sulić-Sprem and R. Grgičevic0 Additional records of <i>Lobotes surinamensis</i>, <i>Caranx crysos</i>, <i>Enchelycore anatina</i>, and <i>Lagocephalus sceleratus</i> (Actinopterygii) in the Adriatic Sea. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 44(1):71-74. (Ref. 96695) Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350. In Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) Bennema, F.P. and G.W.N.M. Van Moorsel0 16. Reef fishes. pp. 63-76. In Hoeksema, B.W. (ed.): Marine biodiversity of Bonaire: a baseline survey. Preliminary results of the Bonaire Marine Biodiversity Expedition. 2nd edition. Naturalis Biodiversity Center and ANEMOON Foundation, Leiden and Bennebroek. (Ref. 128317) Harborne, A.0 Fish and coral species lists compiled by Coral Cay Conservation: Belize 1990-1998. Coral Cay Conservation, 26p. (Ref. 128811) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Petit-Marty, N., M. Vázquez-Luis and I.E. Hendriks0 Use of the nucleotide diversity in COI mitochondrial gene as an early diagnostic of conservation status of animal species. Conserv. Lett. 14(1):1-7. (Ref. 138103) FB-pic-3609-2526 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-16 1996-11-03 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3609 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hocil_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Hocil_u0.jpg FB-pic-3609-2608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-17 2000-09-22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3609 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hocil_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Hocil_u1.jpg FB-pic-3609-2609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-17 1996-11-03 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3609 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hocil_j0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Hocil_j0.jpg FB-pic-3609-15568 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Rodolfo B. Reyes 1997-09-25 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3609 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hocil_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Hocil_u4.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-3609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2001-02-20 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3609 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Found on coral reefs. Generally occurs solitarily or in pairs. Moves gracefully between seafans, seawhips, and corals (Ref. 9710). Stomach contents of 26 specimens indicate that the species feeds almost exclusively on sponges supplemented by small amounts of algae, tunicates, hydroids and bryozoans. Young pick ectoparasites from other fishes (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3797). Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) FB-DiagnosticDescr-3609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-20 00:00:00 2001-03-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3609 Tail and pectoral fins entirely yellow. Black spot on forehead has electric blue spots and is surrounded by narrow, electric blue ring. Large blue spot at base of pectoral fin (Ref. 26938). Adults develop short spines on the margin. The color of large adults is purplish blue with yellow-orange rims to the scales; head above eye dark blue, below greenish yellow; mouth, chin, throat, chest and abdomen purplish blue (Ref. 13442) Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) FB-Morphology-3609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-20 00:00:00 2001-03-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3609 Dorsal spines (total): 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 19 - 21; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 20 - 21 Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) FB-Distribution-3609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-04-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3609 Western Atlantic: Florida, USA and Gulf of Mexico to Brazil. Eastern Central Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121). Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) FB-Uses-3609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2001-02-20 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3609 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer 1979 INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077) Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) FB-TrophicStrategy-3609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-03-06 00:00:00 2007-10-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public ciliaris http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Found on coral reefs. Moves gracefully between seafans, seawhips, and corals (Ref. 9710). Stomach contents of 26 specimens indicate that the species feeds almost exclusively on sponges supplemented by small amounts of algae, tunicates, hydroids and bryozoans. Omnivore (Ref. 57616). Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. FB-Size-3609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2001-02-20 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3609 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 45.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4858)); max. published weight: 1,600 g (Ref. 26340) Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) Claro, R. 1994 Características generales de la ictiofauna. p. 55-70. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo. (Ref. 26340) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-3609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2001-02-20 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3609 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 1 - 70 m (Ref. 9710) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)