FB-4228 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4228 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Pleuronectiformes Paralichthyidae Paralichthys Paralichthys californicus (Ayres, 1859) مفلطح كاليفورني Californisk hvarre California flounder California halibut Kalifornia ebapaltus Cardeau californien палтус калифорнийский паралихт калифорнийский Lenguado californiano Lenguado de California 北美牙鮃 北美牙鲆 Hippoglossus californicus Ayres, 1859 1991-05-01 2020-06-29 ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom, 15-18 August 1983, La Jolla, California. Spec. Publ. Am. Soc. Ichthyol. Herpetol. 1:ix, 760 p. (Ref. 63) Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Flower, S.S.0 Further notes on the duration of life in animals. I. Fishes: as determined by otolith and scale-readings and direct observations on living individuals. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 2:265-304. (Ref. 274) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Hinegardner, R. and D.E. Rosen0 Cellular DNA content and the evolution of teleostean fishes. Am. Nat. 106(951):621-644. (Ref. 2209) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann0 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. 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Barnes0 Assessment of the length- and age-at-maturity of California halibut <i>Paralichthys californicus</i>, incuding a histologically-based reproductive cycle. Calif. Fish Game 102(3):79-99. (Ref. 122336) Murua, H., G. Krauss, F. Saborido-Rey, P.R. Witthames, A. Thorsen and S. Junquera0 Procedures to estimate fecundity of marine fish species in relation to their reproductive strategy. J. Northw. Atl. Fish. Sci. 33:33-54. (Ref. 122339) Barnes, C.L. and R.M. Starr0 Reproductive tactics of California halibut (<i>Paralichthys californicus</i>: combining spawning season, interspawning interval, and batch fecundity to estimate reproductive output for a multiple batch spawning fish. CalCOFI 59:102-115. (Ref. 122348) Caddell, S.M., D.M. Gadomski and L.R. Abbott0 Induced spawning of the California halibut, <i>Paralichthys californicus</i> (Pisces: Paralichthyidae) under artificial and natural conditions. In C.W. Haugen (ed.) The California halibut, <i>Paralichthys californicus</i>, resource and fisheries. California Department of Game and Fisheries. Fish Bull. 174:175-198. (Ref. 122349) Díaz de Astarloa, J.M., T.A. Munroe, P. Béarez, M. Gonzalez-Castro and D.L. Castellini0 External morphology, postcranial and appendicular osteology of three southwestern Atlantic flatfishes (Paralichthys, Paralichthyidae), and comparisons with other congeneric species. Neotrop. Ichthyol., 16(2)[e170164]:1-21. (Ref. 126085) González-Acosta, A.F., C.H. Rábago-Quiroz, G. Ruiz-Campos, J.A. García-Borbón, M.d.C. Alejo-Plata and F.J. Barrón-Barraza0 Length-weight and length-length relationships of 39 demersal fish species of an estuarine-Coastal Ecosystem from the Northwestern of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. J. Appl. Ichthyol (Ref. 130775) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-4228-5144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-08-03 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4228 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pacal_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Pacal_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-4228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2020-06-29 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4228 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Adults are found mostly on sandy bottoms near shore to 183 m depth. Juveniles are common beyond surf line, larvae settling in bays and estuaries (Ref. 122321). Adults feed during the day (Ref. 9643) on fishes and squids, often well off the bottom. An important sport and commercial fish. They are caught with trammel nets (Ref. 9330). Marketed as fresh fillet (Ref. 9330). Adults migrate to shallower waters to spawn (Ref. 9643). Has very sharp teeth and is known to bite if handled (Ref. 13513). Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) FB-Distribution-4228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2020-06-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4228 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Eastern Pacific: Quillayute River in northern Washington, USA to southern Baja California, Mexico. Also in northern Gulf of California (Ref. 9330). Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) FB-Uses-4228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2020-06-29 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4228 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-4228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2020-06-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4228 Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-4228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2020-06-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4228&StockCode=4424 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). They are batch spawners that exhibit indeterminate fecundiity and undergo asynchronous ovarian development (Ref. 122336). Spawning interval is between 7 and 14 days while spawning frequency is around 12 to 13 times per year. Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-4228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-11-06 00:00:00 2000-11-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public californicus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Lives mostly on sandy bottoms. Common beyond surf line, also in bays and estuaries. Occurs from near shore to 183 m depth. Feeds during the day on fishes and squids, often well off the bottom. Adults migrate to shallower waters to spawn (Ref. 9643). Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) FB-Size-4228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2020-06-29 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4228 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 152 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850)); max. published weight: 33.0 kg (Ref. 9330); max. reported age: 30 years (Ref. 33520) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) Hensley, D.A. 1995 Paralichthyidae. Lenguados. p. 1349-1380. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9330) Frey, H.W. (ed.) 1971 California's living marine resources and their utilization. Calif. Dep. Fish Game. 148 p. (Ref. 33520) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2020-06-29 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4228 demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 183 m (Ref. 2850), usually 0 - 60 m (Ref. 122321) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) Allen, L.G. 1988 Recruitment, distribution, and feeding habits of young-of-the-year California halibut {<i>Paralichthys californicus</i>) in the vicinity of Alamitos Bay-Long Beach harbor, California, 1983-1985. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 87(1):19-30. (Ref. 122321)