FB-4280 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4280 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Tetraodontiformes Monacanthidae Monacanthus Monacanthus ciliatus (Mitchill, 1818) Jednokolec zmienny Cangulo Cangulo-de-fernando Peixe-porco Peruá Piraaca Pirá-aca Cuckold Fringed Fiiefish Fringed filefish Leather-fish Bourse émeri Uchiwahagi Chivo Cholita de limo Lija de clavo Sobaco común Pishiporko 垂腹单角鲀 垂腹單角魨 Balistes ciliatus Mitchill, 1818 Monacanthus davidsonii Cope, 1871 Monacanthus occidentalis Günther, 1870 Monacanthus piraaca Kner, 1867 Monocanthus ciliatus (Mitchill, 1818) 1991-05-02 1998-03-30 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. and J.-C. Quéro0 Monacanthidae. p. 1061-1066. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3592) Tyler, J.C.0 Monacanthidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3790) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. 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(Ref. 137577) FB-pic-4280-51311 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Brandi Noble 2009-07-22 2009-07-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4280 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Mocil_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Mocil_u1.jpg FB-pic-4280-51312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Brandi Noble 2009-07-22 2010-07-28 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4280 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Mocil_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Mocil_u2.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-4280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 1998-03-30 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4280 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Occurs in shallow water down to 50 m depth, over sandy and rocky bottoms, but more commonly in grass beds (Ref. 3790). Often seen moving head down among seagrass blades (Ref. 9710). The young are often associated with floating Sargassum (Ref. 3720). Feeds on plants and algae, and also on small crustaceans (Ref. 3720). Rarely consumed (Ref. 3790). Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-02-10 00:00:00 2012-12-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4280 Snout prominently projecting but not very elongate; first dorsal spine originating above posterior part of eye; adult males with two pairs of enlarged recurved spines on each side of caudal peduncle; spines of females only slightly larger than other scale spinules of caudal peduncle (Ref. 13442). Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura and E. Fujii (eds.) 1983 Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 519 p. (Ref. 13608) FB-Morphology-4280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-02-10 00:00:00 2012-12-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4280 Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 29 - 37; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 28 - 36 Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura and E. Fujii (eds.) 1983 Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 519 p. (Ref. 13608) FB-Distribution-4280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2015-09-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4280 Western Atlantic: Newfoundland (Canada), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to Argentina, including the Caribbean (Ref. 3790). Eastern Atlantic. Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-Uses-4280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 1998-03-30 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4280 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription fisheries: subsistence fisheries; aquarium: commercial Tyler, J.C. 1978 Monacanthidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3790) FB-LifeCycle-4280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-05-02 00:00:00 1998-03-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4280&StockCode=4476 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-4280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-04-06 00:00:00 2023-06-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public ciliatus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Feeds on plants, planktonic and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 33). Predominantly inhabits seagrasses (Ref. 128694). Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. FB-Size-4280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 1998-03-30 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4280 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses 20.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 1998-03-30 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4280 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 50 m (Ref. 3790) Tyler, J.C. 1978 Monacanthidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3790)