FB-4281 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4281 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Tetraodontiformes Monacanthidae Stephanolepis Stephanolepis hispida (Linnaeus, 1766) Cangulo Cangulo-Fernando Esfaldado Gudunho Negro-mina Peixe porco Peixe-gatilho-galhudo Peixe-porco Peixe-porco-galhudo Khanzir beshouka Almindelig filfisk Common filefish Cuckold Planehead Fiiefish Planehead filefish Triggerfish Pruun varraslaup Baliste Bourse brune Taiseiyou-kawahagi Lija Lija áspera Cabrinha Takpolou 丝鳍单角鲀 多刺单角鲀 多刺單角魨 細鱗魨 絲鰭單角魨 细鳞鲀 Balistes hispidus Linnaeus, 1766 Monacanthus auriga Lowe, 1852 Monacanthus filamentosus Valenciennes, 1838 Monacanthus gallinula Valenciennes, 1843 Monacanthus hispidus (Linnaeus, 1766) Monacanthus oppositus Poey, 1860 Monacanthus setifer (non Bennett, 1831) Monacanthus setifer DeKay, 1842 Monacanthus spilonotus Cope, 1871 Monocanthus setifer DeKay, 1842 Stephanolepis hispidus (Linnaeus, 1766) 1991-05-02 2021-06-24 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-4281-28625 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2001-02-02 2001-03-27 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4281 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sthis_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Sthis_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-4281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2021-06-24 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4281 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Found on sand or mud bottoms. Associated with Sargassum (Ref. 26340). Adults feed on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 5377). Edible but generally rejected by fishers (Ref. 5377). Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. and J.-C. Quéro 1990 Monacanthidae. p. 1061-1066. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3592) FB-Morphology-4281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-02-10 00:00:00 2012-12-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4281 Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 29 - 35; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 30 - 35 Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura and E. Fujii (eds.) 1983 Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 519 p. (Ref. 13608) FB-Distribution-4281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-11-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4281 Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada south along the U.S., Bermuda, the Bahamas, throughout the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, and along South America to Uruguay (Ref. 114078). Eastern Atlantic: Canary Islands, Morocco to Angola (Ref. 109259) including Madeira (Ref. 3592). Carpenter, K.E. and N. De Angelis (eds.) 2016 The living marine resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 4: Bony fishes part 2 (Perciformes to Tetradontiformes) and sea turtles. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes, Rome, FAO. pp. 2343-3124. (Ref. 109259) FB-Uses-4281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2021-06-24 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4281 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription fisheries: subsistence fisheries; aquarium: commercial Maigret, J. and B. Ly 1986 Les poissons de mer de Mauritanie. Science Nat., Compiègne. 213 p. (Ref. 5377) Monteiro-Neto, C., F.E.A. Cunha, M.C. Nottingham, M.E. Araújo, I.L. Rosa and G.M.L. Barros 2003 Analysis of the marine ornamental fish trade at Ceará State, northeast Brazil. Biodivers. Conserv. 12:1287-1295. (Ref. 49392) FB-TrophicStrategy-4281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-07-14 00:00:00 2004-01-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public hispida http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Nibbler which is an opportunistic species that search the substrate to bite at larger items or pick up small items, either animals or plants. They occasionally engage in fin-biting or scale-eating of other fishes, and even scavenge (Ref. 40396). See Ref. 42268. Adams, S.M. 1976 Feeding ecology of eelgrass fish communities. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 105(4):514-519. (Ref. 30599) FB-Size-4281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2021-06-24 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4281 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 36.9 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 124459)); max. published weight: 364 g (Ref. 124459) Eduardo, L.N., T. Frédou, A.S. Lira, L.V.S. Silva, B.P. Ferreira, A. Bertrand, F. Ménard and F. Lucena-Frédou 2019 Length-weight relationship of thirteen demersal fishes from the tropical Brazilian continental shelf. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 35:590-593. (Ref. 124459) Eduardo, L.N., T. Frédou, A.S. Lira, L.V.S. Silva, B.P. Ferreira, A. Bertrand, F. Ménard and F. Lucena-Frédou 2019 Length-weight relationship of thirteen demersal fishes from the tropical Brazilian continental shelf. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 35:590-593. (Ref. 124459) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2021-06-24 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4281 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 293 m (Ref. 5951) Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott 1988 Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219:731 p. (Ref. 5951)