FB-4329 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4329 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rajiformes Rajidae Raja Raja montagui Fowler, 1910 Flekkskate Raja gwiazdzista Raja nakrapiana Raia-manchada Raia manchata Raia-pintada Raje e bute Baqara Na'hmeh Razza stellina Morgath fannog Storplettet rokke Fleckenrochen Fleckrochen Gefleckte Roche Gefleckter Rochen Mittelmeer Sternrochen Homelyn ray Spotted ray Spotted homelyn ray Spotted skate Starry ray Montagui rai Täpiline rai Tähtirausku Raie douce Raie étoilée Raza crnopjega Raža crnopjega Tindabikkja Tindaskata Pichira schizzata Razza aculata Razza maculata Razza stellata Razica blije dopjega Fläckrocka Vatoz Raia pintada Raya estrellada Raya pintada Raya radiada Gevlekte rog Keilrog Kilidovatos Pegasta raža Rajada dolça Salahi Βάτος Κηλιδόβατος Ράγια Ράτσα Ρίνα Σαλάχι 蒙鰩 蒙鳐 Raja asterias (non Delaroche, 1809) Raja punctata (non Woodward, 1900-01) 1991-05-31 2023-03-30 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Frodella, N., R. Cannas, A. Velonà, P. Carbonara, E.D. Farrell, F. Fiorentino, M.C. Follesa, G. Garofalo, F. Hemida, C. Mancusi, M. Stagioni, N. Ungaro, F. Serena, F. Tinti and A. Cariani0 Population connectivity and phylogeography of the <i>Mediterranean</i> endemic skate <i>Raja polystigma</i> and evidence of its hybridization with the parapatric sibling <i>R. montagui</i>. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 554:99-113. (Ref. 131179) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) FB-pic-4329-10243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1993-07-01 1999-08-11 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4329 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ramon_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Ramon_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-4329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-05-31 00:00:00 2023-03-30 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4329 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Found mainly along the continental shelf (Ref. 3167). Depth range from 8-283 m in the northeast Atlantic (Ref. 82399), in the southern part of its range it occurs down to 530 m (Ref. 78469, 89037), but most common between 20-120 m (Ref. 88187). Prefers habitats with sand or mud bottoms (Ref. 78469). Juveniles usually found in shallow sandy inshore areas, adults utilize more offshore sand or sand-gravel habitats (Ref. 82399, 89038). Species buries itself to avoid predation and ambush potential prey. Feeds mainly on crustaceans (Ref. 3167) with prey size increasing as it grows (Ref. 88171), also preys on benthic worms, cephalopods and small fishes (Ref. 41849, 58137). Most individuals attain a length of 40-60 cm (Ref. 3261). Oviparous. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Detects weak electric fields generated by other organisms and generate its own weak electric fields (Ref. 10311). McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2001-07-13 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4329 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Sub-rhomboid in shape with a short rostrum and rounded wing-tips. Upper surface almost smooth in young, but prickly in large specimens, except for bare centers of pectoral fins and hind part of disc, underside nearly smooth; orbital thorns separate, a regular row of 20-50 usually persistent thorns from nape to first dorsal fin; with 1-2 thorns between dorsal fins; 2 equal-sized dorsal fins at end of tail. Brownish dorsally with numerous small dark spots which do not reach the margin of the disc, frequently with a concentration of dark spots forming a ring around a pale centre on hind part of each pectoral fin, underside white (Ref. 3167). Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Morphology-4329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2001-07-13 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4329 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Dorsal spines (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0 Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Distribution-4329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-05-31 00:00:00 2024-11-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4329 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Eastern Atlantic: Shetlands, southern North Sea and the western Baltic to Mauritania, including the western part of the Mediterranean (to Tunisia and western Greece). Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Uses-4329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-05-31 00:00:00 2023-03-30 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4329 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species Anonymous 1997 Species kept in the Kiel Aquarium in August 1997. Unpublished. 4 p. (Ref. 13389) FB-LifeCycle-4329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-05-31 00:00:00 2023-03-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4329&StockCode=4517 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Paired eggs are laid during summer (Ref. 3167). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 5.3-7.8 cm long and 3.0-5.0 cm wide (Ref. 41250). Fully formed pups hatch after about 5-6 months and are about 11-12 cm in length (Ref. 78469, 88187). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-Size-4329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-05-31 00:00:00 2023-03-30 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4329 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 102 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 6014)); max. reported age: 18 years (Ref. 88187) Dorel, D. 1986 Poissons de l'Atlantique nord-est relations taille-poids. Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer. Nantes, France. 165 p. (Ref. 6014) Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Die Meeresfische Europas in Nordsee, Ostsee und Atlantik. Stuttgart (Kosmos-Naturführer): 336 p. (Ref. 88187) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-05-31 00:00:00 2023-03-30 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4329 demersal; marine; depth range 8 - 530 m (Ref. 88171) Narberhaus, I., J. Krause and U. Bernitt (eds.) 2012 Threatened biodiversity in the German North and Baltic seas. Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt, Heft 117. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. (Ref. 88171)