FB-4482 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4482 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cypriniformes Leuciscidae Squalius Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) Stam Mahi Safid Mahi-e-Sephid-e-roodkhaneie Rudkhaneh Safid Rudkhanehai Klen kleń Escalo Escalo-do-Norte Blyshi Byluçi Kleni Mëlyshi Mylyshi Rechen cefal Rechenclen Dyblink Jalec tmavy Jelec Jelec tloušt Jelec tloušť Jelec turecký Klen Kleně Tloušť Tloušť obecný Twb y dail Almindelig døbel Døbel Aitel Alert Alet Alp Alsert Alte Alten Altfisch Altl Breitschädel Butt Büttling Däbeler Debel Deberl Deibel Dickkopf Dickkopp Diebel Diebling Dievel Dover Dirbel Döbel Dübel Dübling Düvel Elte Eltfisch Fürn Grosskopf Hartkopf Hassel Hässel Hessel Italienischer döbel Kaukasischer döbel Kilps Knilps Knirpse Kühling Männe Mausefresser Minne Mienen Milbe Moene Mönne Müller Mulm Münne Musebyter Nymphe Pagenfisch Rohrkarpfen Sanddobel Sandeberl Schnattfisch Schnottfisch Schuppert Schuppfisch Serben Weissforelle Chub European chub turb Turpa Aitel Blanc Cabot Cabot truité Cabeda Chavasson Chevaine Chevaine cabeda Chevesne Juègne Meunier Mulet Obični klen Fejes domolykó Cavedano Cavezzale sapals šapalas Ohridski klen Golavl Golavl' Govali Голавль голавль Klen Jalec hlavatý Färna Kosswig inci baligi Tatlısu kefalı Tatlisukefali baligi Cacho Cephalos Clean Dubelis Klen Kopvoorn Meun Porcul apelor Tylinari Δροσίνα Κεφάλι Κέφαλος Κλένι Κλωνίτσα Τριχαίος Τσαϊλάκι Τυλιανός Τυλινάρι Χασκώνα Ψαρίδα 东部雅罗鱼 圆鳍雅罗鱼 圓鰭雅羅魚 東部雅羅魚 Cyprinus albula Nardo, 1827 Cyprinus capito Scopoli, 1786 Cyprinus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 Cyprinus chub Bonnaterre, 1788 Cyprinus kietaibeli Reisinger, 1830 Cyprinus kittaibeli Reisinger, 1830 Cyprinus lugdunensis Walbaum, 1792 Cyprinus orthonotus Hermann, 1804 Cyprinus rufus Vallot, 1837 Cyprinus salmoneus Gronow, 1854 Leuciscus albiensis Valenciennes, 1844 Leuciscus albus (non Bonaparte, 1838) Leuciscus albus Bonaparte, 1838 Leuciscus brutius Costa, 1838 Leuciscus cabeda Risso, 1827 Leuciscus cabeda pamvoticus (non Stephanidis, 1939) Leuciscus cavedanus Bonaparte, 1838 Leuciscus cephaloides (non Battalgil, 1942) Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) Leuciscus cephalus albus Bonaparte, 1838 Leuciscus cephalus cabeda Risso, 1827 Leuciscus cephalus cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) Leuciscus cephalus macedonicus Karaman, 1955 Leuciscus cephalus moreoticus (non Stephanidis, 1971) Leuciscus cephalus orientalis Nordmann, 1840 Leuciscus cephalus orientalis aralychensis Barach, 1934 Leuciscus cephalus orientalis ardebilicus Barach, 1934 Leuciscus cephalus orientalis kaznakovi Berg, 1912 Leuciscus cephalus orientalis thracica Drensky, 1930 Leuciscus cephalus orientalis thracicus Drensky, 1930 Leuciscus cephalus orientalis zangicus Barach, 1934 Leuciscus cephalus ruffoi Bianco & Recchia, 1983 Leuciscus cephalus var. wjatkensis Lukasch, 1925 Leuciscus chub pictava De la Pylaie, 1835 Leuciscus cii (non Richardson, 1857) Leuciscus fellowesii (non Günther, 1868) Leuciscus frigidus Valenciennes, 1844 Leuciscus kosswigi (non Karaman, 1972) Leuciscus lapacinus Stefani, Serra, Loffredo & Fossa, 1987 Leuciscus latifrons Nilsson, 1855 Leuciscus nothulus Bonaparte, 1841 Leuciscus orientalis Nordmann, 1840 Leuciscus orientalis pursakensis (non Hankó, 1925) Leuciscus peloponensis (non Valenciennes, 1844) Leuciscus rissoi Schinz, 1840 Leuciscus ruffoi Bianco & Recchia, 1983 Leuciscus squalius Valenciennes, 1844 Leuciscus squalus (non Bonaparte, 1837) Leuciscus svallize zrmanjae risae Vladykov & Petit, 1930 Squalius agdamicus (non Kamensky, 1901) Squalius berak (non Heckel, 1843) Squalius cephalopsis Heckel, 1843 Squalius cephalus athurensis Roule & Cardaillac de Saint-Paul, 1903 Squalius cephalus cavedanus var. prespensis Karaman, 1924 Squalius cephalus vardarensis (non Karaman, 1928) Squalius clathratus Blanchard, 1866 Squalius meridionalis Blanchard, 1866 Squalius meunier Heckel, 1852 Squalius orientalis (non Heckel, 1847) Squalius orientalis (Nordmann, 1840) Squalius pareti Bonaparte, 1841 Squalius turcicus (non De Filippi, 1865) Squalius turcicus var. platycephala Kamenskii, 1897 Squalius tyberinus Bonaparte, 1841 Squalus tyberinus Bonaparte, 1841 1991-06-21 2024-01-23 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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(Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-4482 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4482 Most abundant in small rivers and large streams of barbel zone with riffles and pools. Found along shores of slow-flowing lowland rivers, even in very small mountain streams, and in large lake, undertaking spawning migration to inflowing streams. Adults are solitary while juveniles occur in groups. Feeding larvae and juveniles live in very shallow shoreline habitats. Feed on a wide variety of aquatic and terrestrial animals and plant material. Large individuals prey predominantly on fishes. Breed in fast-flowing water above gravel bottom, rarely among submerged vegetation. Often form fertile hybrids with Alburnus alburnus (Ref. 59043). Popular with amateur sport fishermen. Can be caught with various baits and lures. The flesh is of poor quality (Ref. 38587). Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4482 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-10-25 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4482 Differs from its congeners in France, North, Baltic, Arctic, Black and Caspian Sea basins by the possession of the following characters: dorsal profile with a well-marked discontinuity between head and trunk; a row of black pigments along free margin of each flank scale, forming a regular reticulate pattern, with no or very few pigments on central part of scales; anal and pelvic fins orange to red; dorsal fin with 8½ branched rays; anal fin with 8½ branched rays (rarely 9½); scales on lateral line 40-45 + 2-3; mouth terminal, with well marked chin; lower jaw tip not included in the upper lip; interorbital distance 37-42% HL; postorbital distance 47-51% HL; eye diameter 17-22% HL, 1.5-2.3 times in snout length; body depth 22-27% SL; lower jaw long, length greater than depth of operculum; iris whitish; pharyngeal teeth 2,5-5,2; in stretched anal fin of individuals larger than about 15 cm SL, distance between tips of first and last branched rays usually greater than caudal peduncle depth (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196). Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) FB-Morphology-4482 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-10-25 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4482 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7 - 9; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 7 - 10; Vertebrae: 42 - 48 Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) FB-Distribution-4482 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4482 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Eurasia: North, Baltic, northern Black, White, Barents and Caspian Sea basins, Atlatinc basins southward to Adour drainages (France), Great Britain north to 56°C, Scandinavia: southern Finland, Sweden north to abut Stockholm. Mediterranean basin from Var to Hérault (possibly Aude) (France) drainages. Introduced elsewhere, Naturally absent from Italy and Adriatic basin. Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-Uses-4482 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4482 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes Vostradovsky, J. 1973 Freshwater fishes. The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London. 252 p. (Ref. 9696) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-4482 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4482 Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-4482 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4482&StockCode=4680 Spawning occurs in fast-flowing water above gravel bottom, rarely among submerged vegetation. Female spawn more than once during a season, individual females spawn with several males. Males assemble at spawning site and follow ripe females, often with much splashing, to shallow riffles. Females lays sticky eggs into the gravel (Ref. 59043). Pale yellow eggs are found attached to gravel, weed and stones in flowing water (Ref. 41678). Sokolov, L.I. and L.S. Berdicheskii 1989 Acipenseridae. p. 150-153. In J. Holcík (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part II. General introduction to fishes Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 469 p. FB-TrophicStrategy-4482 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-01-24 00:00:00 2004-09-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public cephalus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Feeds on plants, invertebrates and detritus (Ref. 6258). Maitland, P.S. and R.N. Campbell 1992 Freshwater fishes of the British Isles. HarperCollins Publishers, London.368 p. (Ref. 6258) FB-Size-4482 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4482 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 60.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 59043)); max. published weight: 8,000 g (Ref. 2196); max. reported age: 22 years (Ref. 41616) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) Spillman, C.-J. 1961 Faune de France: Poissons d'eau douce. Fédération Française des Sociétés Naturelles,Tome 65. Paris. 303 p. (Ref. 2196) Wüstemann, O. and B. Kammerad 1995 Der Hasel, <i>Leuciscus leuciscus</i>. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg, Germany, 195 p. (Ref. 41616) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4482 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4482 benthopelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; pH range: 6.0 - 7.8; dH range: 8 - 25; depth range 0 - ? m Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)