FB-4511 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4511 Animalia Chordata Dipneusti Ceratodontiformes Lepidosirenidae Lepidosiren Lepidosiren paradoxa Fitzinger, 1837 Plazak a. praplaziec Boi una Caramuru Carapaná Cobra dágua lepidosirena Loalach loloch Loloque piramboia Piramboia Piracourou-boia Piracuru-bóia pirá-cururú Pirambóia Pirarucu bóia Pirarucubóia Tariíra bóia Tarira bóia Tarrira-boia Tarrira-bóia Traíra bóia Trairam bóia Bahník americký Karamuru Sydamerikansk lungefisk Lurchfisch Südamerikanischer Lungenfisch South American lungfish Sireenkala Amerikankeuhkokala Amerikanskiy cheshuichatnik чешуйчатик американский Lepidosirena Loloch Piramboia Pirá-cururú Anguille tété Pilayi 南美肺魚 南美肺鱼 Lepidosiren articulata Ehlers, 1894 1991-07-05 2022-02-08 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Nelson, J.S.0 Fishes of the world. 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 523 p. 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(Ref. 51471) López, H.L., A.M. Miquelarena and R.C. Menni0 Lista comentada de los peces continentales de la Argentina. ProBiota Serie Técnica y Didáctica N° 5, 87p. (Ref. 51923) Skelton, P.H.0 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193) Chinese Academy of Fishery Science (CAFS)0 Database of genetic resources of aquatic organisms in China (as of January 2007). Chinese Academy of Fishery Science. (Ref. 57879) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Altman, P.L. and D.S. Dittmer0 Growth, including reproduction and morphological development. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Ref. 72462) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Nomura, H.0 Nomes científicos dos peixes e seus correspondentes nomes vulgares. In H. Nomura (ed.). Dicionário dos peixes do Brasil. Editerra, Brasília, Brasil: 27-63. (Ref. 86306) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) Parsons, C.W.0 Breeding in captivity of the South American lung-fish. Nature 136(3450):954-954. (Ref. 111169) Almeida-Val, V.M.F., S.R. Nozawa, N.P. Lopes, P.H.R. Aride, L.S. Mesquita-Saad, M.N.P. da Silva, R.T. Honda, M.S. Ferreira-Nozawa and A.L. Val0 Biology of the South American lungfish, <i>Lepidosiren paradoxa</i>. p. 129-148. In J.M. Jørgensen and J. Joss (eds.) The Biology of Lungfishes. CRC Press. 515p. (Ref. 111170) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Fusari, C.-E.0 Comment on maximum age of <i>Lepidosiren paradoxa</i> held in captivity at Musée national de l’histoire de l’immigration - Aquarium tropical, Paris, France (http://www.palais-portedoree.fr). Personal communication with R. Froese (03 February 2022). (Ref. 125875) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2. <https://www.iucnredlist.org/>. Downloaded 10 Jan 2023. (Ref. 126983) FB-GeneralDescr-4511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-05 00:00:00 2022-02-08 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4511 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Prefers stagnant waters where there is little current. Juveniles feed on larval insects and snails. Adults are omnivorous and feed on aquatic vertebrates, invertebrates such as snails, clams and shrimp, and algae (Ref. 36739). Can survive low oxygen levels in its habitat by means of its very reduced branchial apparatus. It possesses two lungs without bronchial tubes. During the dry period, this species burrows into the mud, to a depth of about 30-50 cm, and seals off the entrance with clay, leaving out 2-3 holes for aeration. It reduces its metabolism during this period of hibernation. The fish are obligate air-breathers and will drown if denied access to the surface (Ref. 36739). During the rainy season, reproduction begins. The parents gather vegetal debris in a burrow (about 1.5 m long) to create a nest. During reproduction, males guard the young. These males can increase the oxygen level in the burrow because during breading season the pelvic fins develop highly vascularized, gill-like, feathery structures which perform a function opposite to those of gills: they releases oxygen from the blood and take in carbon dioxide; the filaments disappear after the end of the breeding season (Ref. 12225, 36739). The young look like amphibian tadpoles with four external gills. During the first weeks of their life they breath only through the external gills; at an age of 7 weeks they become air-breathing and regression of the external gills begins (Ref. 27188, 36739). Arratia, G. 2003 Lepidosirenidae (aestivating lungfishes). p. 671-672. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36887) FB-Distribution-4511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-05 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4511 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat South America: Amazon, Paraguay and lower Paraná River basins. Arratia, G. 2003 Lepidosirenidae (aestivating lungfishes). p. 671-672. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36887) FB-Uses-4511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-05 00:00:00 2022-02-08 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4511 fisheries: subsistence fisheries Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Newman, L. 1995 Census of fish at the Vancouver aquarium, 1994. Unpublished manuscript. (Ref. 9183) FB-LifeCycle-4511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tom Froese 1991-07-05 00:00:00 2022-02-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4511&StockCode=4706 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Spawning occurs during the wet season. Adult males guard and aerate the hachlings and young temporarily. Adult males develop vascular filaments on their paired fins which function either as auxillary to respiration so that they can breathe air without leaving the nest or the fin filaments permit the emission of aerially obtained oxygen in to the nest water, causing the oxygenation of the water surrounding the eggs (Ref. 111170). The function of the filaments is much debatable as of the present. Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl 1985 Aquarien atlas. Band 2. Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde GmbH, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. (Ref. 2060) FB-TrophicStrategy-4511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-11-07 00:00:00 2000-11-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public paradoxa http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Prefers stagnant waters where there is little current. Juveniles feed on larval insects and snails. Adults feed on herbaceous stems. Planquette, P., P. Keith and P.-Y. Le Bail 1996 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de Guyane. Tome 1. Collection du Patrimoine Naturel Volume 22, MNHN, Paris & INRA, Paris. 429 p. (Ref. 12225) FB-Size-4511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-05 00:00:00 2022-02-08 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4511 125 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 36887)); max. reported age: 8 years (Ref. 274) Arratia, G. 2003 Lepidosirenidae (aestivating lungfishes). p. 671-672. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36887) Flower, S.S. 1935 Further notes on the duration of life in animals. I. Fishes: as determined by otolith and scale-readings and direct observations on living individuals. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 2:265-304. (Ref. 274) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-05 00:00:00 2022-02-08 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4511 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats demersal; freshwater