FB-4535 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4535 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Gymnotiformes Gymnotidae Electrophorus Electrophorus electricus (Linnaeus, 1766) Stretwa Enguia elétrica Peixe elétrico Pixundé Poraquê Poraquê de fogo Puraquê Puxundu Treme treme Elektrisk ål Elektrischer Aal Zitteraal Electric eel Elektriangerjas Sähköankerias Sähöankerias угорь электрический Darrål Elektrisk ål Anguila Anguilla Anguilla electrica Pez elétrico Alimina Anguille-tremblante Električna jegulja Maïchi Maïsi Ouwak Pilaké Pilakè Poulakè Z'angi-tranblan 电鳗 電鰻 Electrophorus multivalvulus Nakashima, 1941 Gymnotus electricus Linnaeus, 1766 Gymnotus regius Chiaje, 1847 Gymnotus tremulus Houttuyn, 1764 1991-07-18 2024-08-12 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Nelson, J.S.0 Fishes of the world. 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 523 p. 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(Ref. 72465) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Mérona, B. de and J. Rankin-de-Mérona0 Food resource partitioning in a fish community of the central Amazon floodplain. Neotrop. Ichthyol. 2(2):75-84. (Ref. 76754) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Nomura, H.0 Nomes científicos dos peixes e seus correspondentes nomes vulgares. In H. Nomura (ed.). Dicionário dos peixes do Brasil. Editerra, Brasília, Brasil: 27-63. (Ref. 86306) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. 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Teixeira, J. Mol, W. Ohara, N.C. de Castro, L.A. Peixoto et al.0 Unexpected species diversity in electric eels with a description of the strongest living bioelectricity generator. Nature Communications (2019)10:4000. [+authors; Nagamachi, C.; Sousa, L.; Montag, L.F.A.; Ribeiro, F.; Waddell, J.C.; Piorsky, N.M.; Vari, R.P.; Wosiacki, W.B.] (Ref. 120918) Ferraris, C.J., Jr., C.D. de Santana and R.P. Vari0 Checklist of Gymnotiformes (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi) and catalogue of primary types. Neotropical Ichthyology 15(1):1-44. (Ref. 120919) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-4535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-18 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4535 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Prefer muddy bottoms and calm waters; frequently found in coastal plains, swamps and creeks but is also found inland where a favorable biotope exist. Juveniles feed on invertebrates, adults feed on fish and small mammals (Ref. 12225), first-born larvae prey on other eggs and embryos coming from late spawning batches (Ref. 40645). The electric organ of this species consists of flattened electrocytes, numbering to about hundreds of thousands, connected in series (Ref. 10840; 10011). Generates two type of electric organ discharges (EODs) from different electric organs which are of myogenic derivation: 1) low-voltage EODs (about 10 V) emitted by the Sach's organ at rates of up to 25 Hz, and 2) high-voltage EODs (about 50-fold) emitted by the main and Hunter's organs at peak rates of up to several hundred Hz. Low-voltage EOD has been associated with electro location whereas high-voltage EOD has been noted during predatory attacks (Ref. 10011). An EOD of 500 V was recorded from a 1 m specimen (Ref. 10530), making it a potentially dangerous species. Incorporation of this species in fish-based house security systems has been suggested (see Ref. 9506). Also possesses high-frequency sensitive tuberous receptors patchily distributed over the body that seems useful for hunting other gymnotiforms (Ref. 10583). A nocturnal species; captive specimens showed higher low-voltage EOD activity during the night compared to daytime (Ref. 10011). This cycle seems to be free-running (internally controlled) (Ref. 10829). Probably a fractional spawner; fecundity count was17,000 eggs (Ref. 10630). An obligatory air breather (Ref. 10011) and can withstand poorly oxygenated water (Ref. 26457). Used in experimental studies. de Santana, C.D., W.G.R. Crampton, C.B. Dillman, R.G. Frederico, M.H. Sabaj, R. Covain, J. Ready, J. Zuanon, R.R. de Oliveira, R.N. Mendes-Júnior, D.A. Bastos, T.F. Teixeira, J. Mol, W. Ohara, N.C. de Castro, L.A. Peixoto et al. 2019 Unexpected species diversity in electric eels with a description of the strongest living bioelectricity generator. Nature Communications (2019)10:4000. [+authors; Nagamachi, C.; Sousa, L.; Montag, L.F.A.; Ribeiro, F.; Waddell, J.C.; Piorsky, N.M.; Vari, R.P.; Wosiacki, W.B.] (Ref. 120918) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Philippe Béarez 2001-11-14 00:00:00 2019-09-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4535 This species is distinguished by the following characters: ventral outline of head U-shaped, widest at terminus of branchial opening and lateral-line pores 88-101 (vs. ovoid, widest anterior to branchial opening, 112-146 in E. voltai); differs from E. varii with skull depressed, cleithrum lies between vertebrae 5 and 6 (vs. (vs. skull deep with cleithrum lying between vertebrae 1 and 2), pectoral-fin rays 32-38 (vs. 20-28) and lateral-line pores 88-101 (vs. 124-186). Low-voltage (Sachs’ organ) electric organ discharges or EODs and high-voltage (main/Hunter’s organ) with head-positive monophasic waveform. Low voltage EOD 2.03-2.19 ms duration; high-voltage EOD 480 V at 760mm TL (Ref. 120918). Description: body elongated and sub-cylindrical at pectoral girdle, progressively compressed posteriorly; no scales; superior mouth large with one row of conical teeth on each jaw; anal and caudal fins seamlessly conjoined; anus and urogenital papilla separated and located anterior to ventral margin of branchial opening. Colour of head and body brown to blackish and with a clear band along the body, below lateral line, variably present; three abdominal pairs of electric organs (Ref. 12225, 120918). Planquette, P., P. Keith and P.-Y. Le Bail 1996 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de Guyane. Tome 1. Collection du Patrimoine Naturel Volume 22, MNHN, Paris & INRA, Paris. 429 p. (Ref. 12225) FB-Morphology-4535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Philippe Béarez 2001-11-14 00:00:00 2019-09-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4535 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0 Planquette, P., P. Keith and P.-Y. Le Bail 1996 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de Guyane. Tome 1. Collection du Patrimoine Naturel Volume 22, MNHN, Paris & INRA, Paris. 429 p. (Ref. 12225) FB-Distribution-4535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-18 00:00:00 2024-01-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4535 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats South America: restricted to the Guiana Shield. de Santana, C.D., W.G.R. Crampton, C.B. Dillman, R.G. Frederico, M.H. Sabaj, R. Covain, J. Ready, J. Zuanon, R.R. de Oliveira, R.N. Mendes-Júnior, D.A. Bastos, T.F. Teixeira, J. Mol, W. Ohara, N.C. de Castro, L.A. Peixoto et al. 2019 Unexpected species diversity in electric eels with a description of the strongest living bioelectricity generator. Nature Communications (2019)10:4000. [+authors; Nagamachi, C.; Sousa, L.; Montag, L.F.A.; Ribeiro, F.; Waddell, J.C.; Piorsky, N.M.; Vari, R.P.; Wosiacki, W.B.] (Ref. 120918) FB-Uses-4535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-18 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4535 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. Tello, S. and H. Sánchez 1995 To be filled. Unpublished. (Ref. 9235) FB-LifeCycle-4535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-07-18 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4535&StockCode=4720 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Males construct foam nests and guard the growing larvae until mid-January when the first seasonal rains flood the breeding area, causing the about 10 cm long young eels to disperse (Ref. 40645).Males outnumber females (3:1) and are considerably larger than females (Ref. 40645).There are three successive batches of eggs deposited in a spawning period. Not all eels with fully developed gonads (in Goiapi drainnage) participated in the annual spawning activity suggesting that mating success depends in part on finding suitable breeding sites (Ref. 40645). Assuncao, M.I. da Silva and H.O. Schwassmann 1995 Reproduction and larval development of <i>Electrophorus electricus</i> on Marajo Island (Para, Brazil). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 6(2):175-184. (Ref. 40645) FB-TrophicStrategy-4535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-10-14 00:00:00 2019-09-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ electricus Prefer muddy bottoms and calm waters; frequently found in coastal plains, swamps and creeks but is also found inland where a favorable biotope exist. Juveniles feed on invertebrates, adults feed on fish and small mammals (Ref. 12225), first-born larvae prey on other eggs and embryos coming from late spawning batches (Ref. 40645). Feeds on fish, small mammals and invertebrates (Ref. 27188). Shield streams and rivers are permanently normoxic (>3mg/l dissolved oxygen), uniformly low in conductivity ( Planquette, P., P. Keith and P.-Y. Le Bail 1996 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de Guyane. Tome 1. Collection du Patrimoine Naturel Volume 22, MNHN, Paris & INRA, Paris. 429 p. (Ref. 12225) FB-Size-4535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-18 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4535 250 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 27188)); max. published weight: 20.0 kg (Ref. 27188) Boujard, T., M. Pascal, F.J. Meunier and P.-Y. Le Bail 1997 Poissons de Guyane. Guide écologique de l'Approuague et de la réserve des Nouragues. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, 219 p. (Ref. 27188) Boujard, T., M. Pascal, F.J. Meunier and P.-Y. Le Bail 1997 Poissons de Guyane. Guide écologique de l'Approuague et de la réserve des Nouragues. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, 219 p. (Ref. 27188) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-18 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4535 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat benthopelagic; freshwater