FB-4642 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4642 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Carcharhiniformes Triakidae Galeorhinus Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) Graahai Gråhai Bico de cristal Cação Cação-bico-de-cristal Perna-de-moça Perna-de-moça da Australia Tubarão-perna-de-moça Tubarão-vitamínico Sopvinhaai Vaalhaai Peshk qen Peshkagen Kalb Kelb il bahar Žralok hejnový Palombu Ci glas Almindelig gråhaj Graahaj Gråhaj Australischer Hundshai Biethai Gemeine Meersau Großer Hundshai Hundshai Schulhai Eastern school shark Flake Greyboy Greyshark Hundshai Penny's dog Schnapper shark School shark School Shark Sharpie shark Snapper shark Soupfin shark Sweet William shark Tope Tope oil shark Tope school shark Tope shark Tope Shark Tope soupfin shark Vitamin shark Kalifornia supihai Supihai Supi-nugishai Gráhávur Harmaahai Balestrine Cagnot Canicule Chien de mer Chien hâ Émissole Gat Hâ Halt Haut Lamie Lamiola Milandre Pal Pallon Palloun Paroun Requin hâ Requin-hâ Requin-hã Touille Uwii guuga Karishan Butor Kucak Pas Butor Gráháfur Bistinu Can da denti Can negro Cagnassa Cagnizza Canoso Canesca Canuso Canuzzu Capucchiata Galeo Galeo canesca Muzzolu Paccavà Palombo Palummina Palummu Passaturi Pesce cane Piscicani Vaccotta Kapeta Makohuarau Tupere Kelb il-bahar Mazzola Mazzola bla xewka Seraya akula акула суповая Акула суповая (=галеус) Pas butor Bethaj Gråhaj Håstörje Camgöz Camgöz balığı Köpek balığı Pas butor Акула сіра Aceitero Bostrich Bostrio Caçó Cámari Cazon Cazón Cazón aceitero Cazón de altura Cazón dientuso Cuero Gat Musola corallo Tiburón aceitoso Tiburón de aleta Tiburón vitaminico Tollo Tollo cazón Tollos Trompa de cristal An fanach Australische haai Cassó Galéos drossitis K'wet'thenéchte Mussola carallo Pepelasti morski pes Rechin de supa Ruwe haai Ruwehaai Skylogaleos Skylos drossiti Αλίχια Γαλέος Γαλιός Γάτος Σκυλογαλέος Δοντάς Δροσίτης Σκύλος Σκυλόψαρο 油翅鯊 油翅鲨 澳洲翅鯊 澳洲翅鲨 翅鯊 翅鲨 背盔鯊 背盔鲨 Carcharhinus cyrano Whitley, 1930 Eugaleus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) Galeorhinus australis (Macleay, 1881) Galeorhinus chilensis (Pérez Canto, 1886) Galeorhinus galeo (Linnaeus, 1758) Galeorhinus vitaminicus de Buen, 1950 Galeorhinus zyopterus Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 Galeus australis Macleay, 1881 Galeus canis Bonaparte, 1834 Galeus chilensis Pérez Canto, 1886 Galeus communis Owen, 1853 Galeus linnei Malm, 1877 Galeus molinae Philippi, 1887 Galeus nilssoni Bonaparte, 1846 Galeus vulgaris Fleming, 1828 Galeus zyopterus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883) Notogaleus australis (Macleay, 1881) Notogaleus rhinophanes (Péron, 1807) Squalus galeus Linnaeus, 1758 Squalus rhinophanes Péron, 1807 1992-06-15 2019-02-28 Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Compagno, L.J.V.0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) Tinker, S.W.0 Fishes of Hawaii, a handbook of the marine fishes of Hawaii and the Central Pacific Ocean. Hawaiian Service Inc., Honolulu. 568 p. (Ref. 583) Olsen, A.M.0 The biology, migration and growth rate of the school shark <i>Galeorhinus australis</i> (MacLeay)( Carcharhinidae) in south-eastern Australian waters. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 5(3):353-410. (Ref. 777) Linnaeus, C.0 Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordinus, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 824 p. (Ref. 1652) Nijssen, H. and S.J. de Groot0 Catalogue of fish species of the Netherlands. Beaufortia 21(285):173-207. (Ref. 1756) Bianchi et al.0 Gabon - Angola survey of the R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen. NAN-SIS database. (Ref. 2221) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann0 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) Bauchot, M.-L.0 Requins. p. 769-843. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3165) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development0 Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products. Fishing News Books, Oxford. (Ref. 3383) Grant, C.J., R.L. Sandland and A.M. Olsen0 Estimation of growth, mortality and yield per recruit of the Australian school shark, <i>Galeorhinus australis</i> (Macleay), from tag recoveries. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 30(5):625-637. (Ref. 3601) van der Elst, R.0 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670) Torres, F.S.B. Jr.0 Tabular data on marine fishes from Southern Africa, Part I. Length-weight relationships. Fishbyte 9(1):50-53. (Ref. 3678) van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.)0 Marine linefish: priority species and research objectives in southern Africa. Oceanogr. Res. Inst., Spec. Publ. No.1. 132 p. (Ref. 4332) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Muus, B. and P. Dahlström0 Meeresfische der Ostsee, der Nordsee, des Atlantiks. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 244 p. (Ref. 4645) Clemens, W.A. and G.V. Wilby0 Fishes of the Pacific coast of Canada. 2nd ed. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada Bull. (68):443 p. (Ref. 4925) Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga0 Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p. (Ref. 5213) Bass, A.J., P.C. Heemstra and L.J.V. Compagno0 Carcharhinidae. p. 67-87. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 5485) Anonymous0 Computerized catalog of the fish collection. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. (Ref. 5515) Chirichigno F., N.0 Clave para identificar los peces marinos del Peru. Inf. Inst. Mar. Perú (44):1-387. (Ref. 5530) Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale0 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan0 New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755) Kotlyar, A.N.0 Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow. 288 p. (Ref. 5969) Moulton, P.L., T.I. Walker and S.R. Saddlier0 Age and growth studies of gummy shark, <i>Mustelus antarcticus</i> Günther, and school shark, <i>Galeorhinus galeus</i> (Linnaeus), from southern Australian waters. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 43(5):1241-1267. (Ref. 6073) Ebert, D.A.0 Observations on the predatory behavior of the sevengill shark <i>Notorhynchus cepedianus</i>. S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 11:455-465. (Ref. 6188) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlstrøm0 Havfisk og Fiskeri i Nordvesteuropa. GEC Gads Forlag, København, 244 p. (in Danish). (Ref. 6302) Crawford, R.0 World record game fishes 1993. The International Game Fish Association, Pompano Beach, Florida. (Ref. 6323) Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve0 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390) Brito, A.0 Catalogo de los pesces de las Islas Canarias. Francisco Lemus, la Laguna. 230 p. (Ref. 6808) Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens0 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871) Quast, J.C. and E.L. Hall0 List of fishes of Alaska and adjacent waters with a guide to some of their literature. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-658, 47 p. (Ref. 6876) Hart, J.L.0 Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180:740 p. (Ref. 6885) Ferreira, B.P. and C.M. Vooren0 Age, growth, and structure of vertebra in the school shark <i>Galeorhinus galeus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) from southern Brazil. Fish. Bull. 89:19-31. (Ref. 7192) Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley0 Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300) Asahida, T. and H. Ida0 Karyological notes on four sharks in the Order Carcharhiniformes. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 36(2):275-280. (Ref. 8977) Hoenig, J.M.0 The vertebral centra of sharks and their use in age determination. M.S. thesis, University of Rhode Island. 144 p. (Ref. 9012) Economidis, P.S.0 Catalogue of the fishes of Greece. Reprinted from Hellenic Oceanology and Limnology, Praktika of the Inst. of Ocean. and Fishing Research, vol. 11 (1972). (Ref. 9057) Pequeño, G.0 Peces de Chile. Lista sistematica revisada y comentada. Rev. Biol. Mar., Valparaiso 24(2):1-132. (Ref. 9068) Annala, J.H. (comp.)0 Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary, May 1994: stock assessments and yield estimates. Unpublished report held in MAF Fisheries Greta Point library, Wellington. 242 p. (Ref. 9072) Compagno, L.J.V., F. Krupp and W. Schneider0 Tiburones. p. 647-744. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9253) Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.)0 Guide book to New Zealand commercial fish species. Revised edition. New Zealand Fishing Industry Board, Wellington, New Zealand, 216 p. (Ref. 9258) Bruce, J.R., J.S. Colman and N.S. Jones0 Marine fauna of the Isle of Man. Memoir No. 36. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool. (Ref. 9488) Ripley, E.0 The biology of the soupfin <i>Galeorhinus zyopterus</i> and biochemical studies of the liver. Fish. Bull. 64. (Ref. 9652) Flintegård, H.0 Fishes in the North Sea Museum's aquaria. North Sea Museum, North Sea Centre, DK-9850 Hirtshals. Hirtshals Bogtryk/Offset A/S. (Ref. 9900) Frimodt, C.0 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial warmwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. (Ref. 9987) Clemens, W.A. and G.V. Wilby0 Fishes of the Pacific coast of Canada. Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 68: 368 p. (Ref. 10161) Fritzsch, B. and P. Moller0 A history of electroreception. p. 39-55. In P. Moller (ed.) Electric fishes:history and behavior. Fish and Fisheries Series 17. Chapman & Hall, London. (Ref. 10311) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937) Ferguson, A. and G. Cailliet0 Sharks and rays of the Pacific Coast. Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, California, USA. 64 p. (Ref. 12091) Hurst, R.J., N.W. Bagley and Y. Uozumi0 New Zealand-Japan trawl survey of shelf and upper slope species off southern New Zealand, June 1986. N.Z. Fish. Tech. Rep. No. 18. 50 p. (Ref. 12175) Greenstreet, S.P.R.0 Estimation of the daily consumption of food by fish in the North Sea in each quarter of the year. Scottish Fish. Res. Rep. No. 55. (Ref. 12223) Jonsson, G.0 Islenskir fiskar. Fiolvi, Reykjavik, 568 pp. (Ref. 12462) van der Elst, R.0 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. (3rd Ed.). Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 398 p. (Ref. 12484) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Michael, S.W.0 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) Compagno, L.J.V. and V.H. Niem0 Triakidae. Houndsharks, smoothhounds, topes. p. 1297-1304. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific Vol. 2. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 13563) Amori, G., F.M. Angelici, S. Frugis, G. Gandolfi, R. Groppali, B. Lanza, G. Relini and G. Vicini0 Vertebrata. In A. Minelli, S. Ruffo and S. La Posta (eds.) Checklist delle specie della fauna Italiana, 110. Calderini, Bologna, 83 p. (Ref. 13729) Walker, T.I., P.L. Moulton and S.R. Saddlier0 Reproduction studies of four species of shark and one species of elephant fish commercially fished in southern Australian waters. In Southern shark assessment project, Final FIRTA Report, Part B. Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Fisheries Division, Internal Report 175b. 88 p. (Ref. 26058) Walker, T.I.0 Fishery situation report - southern shark. In Southern shark assessment project, Final FIRTA Report, Part B. Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Fisheries Division, Internal Report 175Bb. 34 p. (Ref. 26060) Olsen, A.M.0 The status of the school shark fishery in south-eastern Australian waters. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 10:353-410. (Ref. 26063) Anonymous0 Victoria bans taking and sale of sharks. Aust. Fish. 31(9):14. (Ref. 26064) Walker, T.I.0 Effects of species, sex, length and locality on the mercury content of school shark <i>Galeorhinus australis</i> (Macleay) and gummy shark <i>Mustelus antarcticus</i> Günther from south-eastern Australian waters. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 27:603-616. (Ref. 26065) Costa, F.0 Atlante dei pesci dei mari italiani. Gruppo Ugo Mursia Editore S.p.A. Milano, Italy. 438 p. (Ref. 26335) Cox, G. and M. Francis0 Sharks and rays of New Zealand. Canterbury Univ. Press, Univ. of Canterbury. 68 p. (Ref. 26346) Sanches, J.G.0 Nomenclatura Portuguesa de organismos aquáticos (proposta para normalização estatística). Publ. Avuls. Inst. Nac. Invest. Pescas 14:322 p. (Ref. 26388) Fitch, J.E. and S.J. Crooke0 Revision of Eastern Pacific catalufas (Pisces: Priacanthidae) with description of a new genus and discussion of the fossil record. Cal. Acad. Sci. 43(19):301-315. (Ref. 26808) Sanches, J.G.0 Catálogo dos principais peixes marinhos da República de Guiné-Bissau. Publ. Avuls. Inst. Nac. Invest. Pescas 16:429 p. (Ref. 26999) Reiner, F.0 Catálogo dos peixes do arquipélago de Cabo Verde. Publ. Avuls. Inst. Port. Invest. Mar. 2:339 p. (Ref. 27000) Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer0 FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Rome. 265p. (Ref. 27121) Escobar-Fernández, R. and M. Siri0 Nombres vernáculos y científicos de los peces del Pacífico mexicano. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Sociedad Ictiológica Mexicana, A.C. Mexico. (Ref. 27736) Ellis, J.R., M.G. Pawson and S.E. Shackley0 The comparative feeding ecology of six species of shark and four species of ray (Elasmobranchii) in the north-east Atlantic. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 76(1):89-106. (Ref. 28070) Went, A.E.J.0 List of Irish fishes. Department of Lands, Fisheries Division, Dublin. 31 p. (Ref. 28679) Stingo, V., M.H. Du Buit and G. Odierna0 Genome size of some selachian fishes. Boll. Zool. 47:129-137. (Ref. 29422) Kullander, S.O.0 Swedish fishes: checklist of Swedish fishes. Swedish Museum of Natural History. http://www.nrm.se/ve/pisces/allfish.shtml.en, 25 May 1999. (Ref. 30402) Francis, M.P. and K.P. Mulligan0 Age and growth of New Zealand school shark <i>Galeorhinus galeus</i>. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 32(3):427-440. (Ref. 30817) Smith, S.W., D.W. Au and C. Show0 Intrinsic rebound potential of 26 species of Pacific sharks. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 49:663-678. (Ref. 31395) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Lowry, M.S., C.W. Oliver, C. Macky and J.B. Wexler0 Food habits of California sea lions <i>Zalophus californianus</i> at San Clemente Island, California, 1981-86. Fish. Bull. 88:509-521. (Ref. 32120) Jones, R.0 Haida names and utilization of common fish and marine mammals. p. 39-48. In N. Haggan and A. Beattie (eds.) Back to the Future: Reconstructing the Hecate Strait Ecosystem. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 7(3). 65 p. (Ref. 33292) Pauly, D.0 Zur Fischereibiologie tropischer Nutztiere: eine Bestandsaufnahme von Konzepten und Methoden. Habilitationsschrift, Institut für Meerskunde an der Universität Kiel. (Ref. 33534) Danko, J.P.0 Building a reliable database from a native oral tradition using fish-related terms from the Saanich language. p. 29-33. In D. Pauly, T. Pitcher and D. Preikshot (eds.) Back to the future: reconstructing the Strait of Georgia Ecosystem. 99 p. The Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. Canada. (Ref. 33536) Cortés, E.0 Standardized diet compositions and trophic levels of sharks. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 56:707-717. (Ref. 33559) Lanfranco, G.G.0 The fish around Malta (Central Mediterranean). Progress Press Co. Ltd. (Malta). 132 p. (Ref. 33971) Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche and H. Greven0 Database of fish chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften. (Ref. 34370) Alegre, M., J. Lleonart and J. Veny0 Espècies pesqueres d'interès comercial. Nomenclatura oficial catalana. Departament de Cultura, Generalitat Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. (Ref. 35117) Santos, R.S., F.M. Porteiro and J.P. Barreiros0 Marine fishes of the Azores: annotated checklist and bibliography. Bulletin of the University of Azores. Supplement 1. 244 p. (Ref. 35204) Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen0 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766) Dolgov, A.V.0 New data on composition and distribution of the Barents Sea ichthyofauna. ICES CM2000/Mini:12, 12p. (Ref. 36372) Hilton-Taylor, C.0 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61 p. (with 1 CD-ROM). (Ref. 36508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer0 FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Rome. 265 p. (Ref. 36731) Nomura, H.0 Dicionário dos peixes do Brasil. Brasília: Editerra. 482p. (Ref. 38265) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Stancioiu, S.0 Ihtiologie sistematica. MEI-Universitatea din Galati, Atelierul de multiplicare-legatorie, Cda. Nr. 1785/3,03,86. (Ref. 39152) de Sola Simarro, L.G.0 Scientific and common names for commercial species in the Alboran Sea (SW Mediterranean) fish markets (Malaga, Almeria). Pers. comm. (Ref. 39205) Kristo, R.0 List of freshwater, brackish and marine common names of Albania. Personal communication. (Ref. 39227) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of CSIC. CSIC, Spain. (Ref. 39328) Crespo, J., J. Gajate and R. Ponce0 Clasificación científica e identificación de nombres vernáculos existentes en la base de datos de seguimiento informático de recursos naturales oceánicos. Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Madrid, Spain. 414 p. (Ref. 39531) Béarez, P.0 Lista de los peces marinos del Ecuador continental. Rev. Biol. Trop. 44(2):731-741. (Ref. 40498) IGFA0 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Economidis, P.S.0 Common names of Hellenic marine fishes. Aristotle University, Unpublished Technical Report. (Ref. 41474) Economidis, P.S. and E. Koutrakis0 Common names of comercially important Hellenic marine organisms. Aristotle University, Unpublished Technical Report. (Ref. 41475) Deval, M.C.0 Common names of marine fishes of Turkey. Unpublished report. (Ref. 41476) Sammut, R.0 Mediterranean sea fishes (Central Region). Qormi: SRT Press, 203 p. (Ref. 41523) Brandão, J.M.0 Glossário de nomes dos peixes: sistemático, português, inglês. Boletim de Estudos de Pesca 4(6):1-59. (Ref. 42062) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal British Columbia Museum. Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria BC, Canada V8V 1X4. (Ref. 42125) Andriyashev, A.P. and N.V. Chernova0 Annotated list of fishlike vertebrates and fish of the Arctic seas and adjacent waters. J. Ichthyol. 35(1):81-123. (Ref. 43202) Nunes, A.0 Peixes da Madeira. Edição da Junta Geral do distrito Autón. (Ref. 43402) Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454) Mecklenburg, C.W., T.A. Mecklenburg and L.K. Thorsteinson0 Fishes of Alaska. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. xxxvii +1037 p. (Ref. 43939) Portela, J.M., M.C. González and J.M. Bellido0 Preliminary results of an exploratory fishing targeting deep-water species off Uruguay. ICES ASC Session L:04. (Ref. 45059) Granzotto, A.0 List of common Italian names. Personal communication (Excel file). (Ref. 45163) Roberts, C.D.0 Fishes of the Chatham Islands, New Zealand: a trawl survey and summary of the ichthyofauna. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 25(1):1-19. (Ref. 45493) Ricker, W.E.0 Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa. (Ref. 48321) Luther, W. and K. Fiedler0 Guida della fauna marina costiera del Mediterraneo. Atlante illustrato a colori. Franco Muzzio & C. (editore), Roma. 244p. (Ref. 48500) Papaconstantinou, C.0 Check-list of marine fishes of Greece. Fauna Graeciae IV, 257 p. (Ref. 48657) Ebert, D.A.0 Sharks, rays and chimaeras of California. California Natural History Guides No. 71. University of California Press. 284 p. (Ref. 48844) Quignard, J.P. and J.A. Tomasini0 Mediterranean fish biodiversity. Biol. Mar. Mediterr. 7(3):1-66. (Ref. 50345) Anonymous0 Welsh names of animals and plants: I Vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. p.17-26. In W.B.L. Evans (ed.) Cyfres enwan (creaduriaid a phlauhigion: I creaduriaid asgwrn-cefn pysgod, amffibiaid, ymlusgiaid, adar a mamaliaid. Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd. (Ref. 50359) Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449) Morato, T., E. Solà, M.P. Grós and G. Menezes0 Diets of thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) and tope shark (<i>Galeorhinus galeus</i>) in the bottom longline fishery of the Azores, Northeastern Atlantic. Fish Bull. 101:590-602. (Ref. 50615) Louisy, P.0 Guide d'identification des poissons marins. Europe et Méditerranée. Paris: Eds. Eugène Ulmer. (Ref. 50675) Seafood Services Australia0 Australian fish names list. http://www.seafoodservices.com.au/, version 16 September 2003. (Ref. 50831) Hureau, J.-C. and T. Monod (eds.)0 Supplement. Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean. p.339-394. In J.-C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean.United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris, France. Vols 1-2. 683 p. (Ref. 51024) Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a ryboviti obratlovci (Pisces) 3., maloústí (Gonorhynchiformes) - máloostní (Cypriniformes). Národní muzeum (zoologické oddělení), Praha. (Ref. 51055) Mouritsen, R.0 Fiskanøvn. www.frs.fo/frame2.htm (Ref. 51094) Riede, K.0 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Cavanagh, R.D., P.M. Kyne, S.L. Fowler, J.A. Musick and M.B. Bennett (eds.)0 The conservation status of Australasian chondrichthyans. Report of the IUCN Shark Specialist Group, Australia and Oceania Regional Red List Workshop, Queensland, Australia, 7-9 March 2003. The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia. 170 p. (Ref. 52183) George, M.0 Haie, Rochen und Chimären in der Nord- und Ostsee. Elasmoskop 8(1):10-16. (Ref. 52268) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Nión, H., C. Ríos and P. Meneses0 Peces del Uruguay: Lista sistemática y nombres comunes. Montevideo, DINARA, Infopesca. (Ref. 54736) Okeyo, D.O.0 Fishes of Namibia. Unpublished compilation of D.O. Okeyo. (Ref. 54854) Mohamed Fall, K.O.0 Fishes of Mauritania. Unpublished compilation of K.O. Mohamed Fall. (Ref. 55783) Gomes, T.M., E. Sola, M.P. Grós, G. Menezes and M.R. Pinho0 Trophic relationships and feeding habits of demersal fishes from the Azores: importance to multispecies assessment. ICES C.M. 1998/O:7. (Ref. 57504) Ecomarg Project0 Biodiversity: Cantabrian Sea, Galician Shelf and Le Danois Bank. Ecomarg Project (ecomarg.net). (Ref. 57747) Bilecenoğlu, M., Taskavak E., S. Mater and M. Kaya0 Checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Zootaxa 113(1):1-194. (Ref. 57855) Chinese Academy of Fishery Science (CAFS)0 Database of genetic resources of aquatic organisms in China (as of January 2007). Chinese Academy of Fishery Science. (Ref. 57879) Mercader, L., D. Lloris and J. Rucabado0 Tots els peixos del mar Catala. Diagnosis I claus d'identifucació. Institut D'estudis Catalans. Barcelona. 350p. (Ref. 57922) Compagno, L.J.V., D. Dando and S. Fowler0 Sharks of the world. Princeton field guides. Harper Collins Publishing Ltd., London. 368 p. (Ref. 58085) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Beentjes, P., B. Bull, R.J. Hurst and N.W. Bagley0 Demersal fish assemblages along the continental shelf and upper slope of the east coast of the South Island, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 36:197-223. (Ref. 58461) Plejic, T.0 Fische der Adria. Das romanische Element in der kroatischen Ichthyofauna. Mit Glossar der Adriafische Kroatisch-Englisch-Deutsch-Italienisch. Diploma Thesis. University of Leipzig Institute of Applied Linguistics and Translational Studies. (Ref. 58723) Menni, R.C. and L.O. Lucifora0 Condrictios de la Argentina y Uruguay. <i>ProBiota</i>, FCNyM, UNLP, Serie Técnica-Didáctica, La Plata, Argentina, 11:1-15. (Ref. 58839) George, M.R. and H. Zidowitz0 Checkliste der europäischen Knorpelfischarten mit wissenschaftlichen und deutschen Namen. Z. Fischk. Bd. 8 Heft 1/2:71-81. (Ref. 74429) Wirtz, P., R. Fricke and M.J. Biscoito0 The coastal fishes of Madeira Island - new records and an annotated check-list. Zootaxa 1715:1-26. (Ref. 74541) Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Capapé, C., J.B. Souissi, H. Méjri, O. Guélorget and F. Hemida0 The reproductive biology of the school shark <i>Galeorhinus galeus</i> Linnaeus 1758 (Chondrichthyes:Triakidae), from the Maghreb shore (southern Mediterranean). Acta Adriat. 46(2):109-124. (Ref. 77013) Johnson, J.W.0 Annotated checklist of the fishes of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 43(2):709-762. (Ref. 78751) Rogers, S.I. and R.S. Millner0 Factors affecting the annual abundance and regional distribution of English inshore demersal fish populations: 1973 to 1995. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 53:1094-1112. (Ref. 80786) Menezes, N.A., P.A. Buckup, J.L. Figueiredo and R.L. Moura0 Catálogo das espécies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. São Paulo. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 160 pp. (Ref. 80860) Ellis, J.R., A. Cruz-Martinez, B.D. Rackham and S.I. Rodgers0 The distribution of Chondrichthyan fishes around the British Isles and implications for conservation. J. Northw. Atl. Fish. Sci., Vol. 35:195-213. (Ref. 82399) Dhora, Dh.0 Regjistër I specieve të faunës së Shqipërisë 2010. Shkodër: Camaj-Pipa. 208 p. (Ref. 83428) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Carcharhinidae. p. 23-31. In J.C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 84466) Sáez, S., G. Pequeño and J. Lamilla0 Clave taxonómica del Superorden Squalomorphi de Chile (Pisces: Elasmobranchii). Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 45(1): 619-634. (Ref. 86248) Bañón, R., D. Villegas-Ríos, A. Serrano, G. Mucientes and J.C. Arronte0 Marine fishes from Galicia (NW Spain): an updated checklist. Zootaxa 2667:1-27. (Ref. 86578) Dhora, Dh.0 Fjalor i emrave të kafshëve të Shqipërisë (Emri shkencor - Shqip - Anglisht) / Dictionary of animal names of Albania (Scientific names - Albanian - English). Camaj - Pipa. Shkodër, Albania. pp. 288. (Ref. 87029) Ministry of Fisheries0 MFish approved species codes - Table 1-4. http://www.fish.govt.nz/en-nz/International/High+Seas+Fishing/MFish+Approved+Species+Codes/MFish+Approved+Species+Codes+01.htm?wbc_purpose=Basic%2526WBCMODE (Ref. 89583) Duffy, C.A.J.0 First record of <i>Centrophorus harrissoni</i> from New Zealand, with observations on squamation in Centrophoridae (Squaliformes). N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 41(2):163-173. (Ref. 89942) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) ICES0 Stomach Dataset. ICES-CIEM Stomach Data (1981-2010). Copenhagen. Available online at http://ecosystemdata.ices.dk/stomachdata/index.aspx. Consulted on 2012-10-22. (Ref. 92354) Wirtz, P., A. Brito, J.M. Falcón, R. Freitas, R. Fricke, V. Monteiro, F. Reiner and O. Tariche0 The coastal fishes of the Cape Verde Islands - new records and an annotated check-list. Spixiana 36(1):113-142. (Ref. 94080) Lamb, A. and P. Edgell0 Coastal fishes of the Pacific northwest. Revised and expanded second edition. Madeira Park (BC, Canada): Harbour Publishing Co. Ltd., 335 p. (Ref. 94401) Miniconi, R. and Parc naturel régional de la Corse0 Parc naturel régional de Corse: poissons de Corse et de Méditerranée. Ajaccio: Parc naturel régional de la Corse; [Clermont-Ferrand] : Atelier de recherche des parcs pour l'expression graphique et l'édition, 116 p. (Ref. 94543) Goren, M.0 The fishes of the Mediterranean: a biota under siege. pp. 385-400. In Goffredo, S. and Z. Dubinsky. 2014. The Mediterranean Sea: its history and present challenges. Springer Netherlands. 655 pp. (Ref. 95489) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Lloris, D., J. Rucabado, Ll. del Cerro, F. Portas, M. Demestre and A. Roig0 Tots els peixos del Mar Català. I: Llistat de cites I referències. Treballs Soc. Cat. Ict. Herp. 1:1-208. (Ref. 95727) Francour, P., P. Bodilis, J.M. Cottalorda and C. Seytre0 Inventaire des Gobiidae dans la réserve naturelle de Scandola (Corse) et à proximité de ses limites. Contrat Parc Naturel Régional de la Corse. Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, ECOMERS publ., Nice:1-54. (Ref. 95773) Psomadakis, P.N., S. Giustino and M. Vacchi0 Mediterranean fish biodiversity: an updated inventory with focus on the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas. Zootaxa 3263:1-46. (Ref. 95871) Page, L.M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden and J.S. Nelson0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada and Mexico, 7th edition. Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, 384 p. (Ref. 96293) Miniconi, R.0 Complément à l'inventaire des poissons des eaux de Corse (1994-2011). Biologie - Pȇche - Localisation. Edition A Barcella Ajaccio, 50 p. (Ref. 96325) Love, M.S., C.W. Mecklenburg, T.A. Mecklenburg and L.K. Thorsteinson0 Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Seattle, Washington, 98104. (Ref. 96339) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi0 Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi. http://term.eki.ee/termbase/view/7351963/ (Ref. 105574) Wilhelms, I.0 Atlas of length-weight relationships of 93 fish and crustacean species from the North Sea and the North-East Atlantic (No. 12). Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, 552 p. (Ref. 106276) Barria, C., M. Coll and J. Navarro0 Unravelling the ecological role and trophic relationships of uncommon and threatened elasmobranchs in the western Mediterranean Sea (Supplement). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 539:225-240. (Ref. 106518) Cheung, W.L., R. Watson and D. Pauly0 Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch. Nature 497:365-368. (Ref. 107945) Cope, J.M.0 Exploring intraspecific life history patterns in sharks. Fish. Bull. 104:311-320. (Ref. 108927) Papaconstantinou, C.0 Fauna Graeciae. An updated checklist of the fishes in the Hellenic seas. Monagraphs on Marine Sciences 7 (Ref. 113897) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Béarez, P., P. Pruvost, É. Feunteun, S. Iglésias, P. Francour, R. Causse, J. De Mazières, S. Tercerie and N. Bailly0 Checklist of the marine fishes from metropolitan France. Cybium 41(4):351-371. (Ref. 116450) Yopak, K., T.J. Lisney, S.P. Collin and J.C. Montgomery0 Variation in brain organization and cerebellar foliation in Chondrichthyans: sharks and holocephalans. Brain Behav. Evol. 69:280-300. (Ref. 117392) Lynghammar, A., J.S. Christiansen, C.W. Mecklenburg, O.V. Karamushko, P.R. Møller and V.F. Gallucci0 Species richness and distribution of chondrichthyan fishes in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas. Biodiversity 14(1):57-66. (Ref. 117987) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Froese, R.0 Personal communication. (Table sent by the author). (Ref. 118592) Palomares, M.L.D., R. Froese, B. Derrick, S.-L. Nöel, G. Tsui, J. Woroniak and D. Pauly0 A preliminary global assessment of the status of exploited marine fish and invertebrate populations. A report prepared by the Sea Around Us for OCEANA. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. 64. (Ref. 118628) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Mahé, K., E. Bellamy, J.-P. Delpech, C. Lazard, M. Salaun, Y. Vérin, F. Coppin and M. Travers-Trolet0 Evidence of a relationship between weight and total length of marine fish in the North-eastern Atlantic Ocean: physiological, spatial and temporal variations. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98(3):627-625. (Ref. 119547) Froese, R., N. Demirel, G. Coro and H. Winker0 User Guide for CMSY++. GEOMAR, Germany, 17 p. (Ref. 124174) Fermon, Y., N. Bailly, F. Cardiec, R. Causse, E. Chartrain, L. Chirio, G. De Bruyne, P. Deynat, C.D. Hopkins, A. Lamboj, M.I. Mennesson, J.-H. Mve Beh, D. Paugy, B. Sidlauskas, J.P. Sullivan, J.-P. Van de Weghe, T.R. Vigliotta and Van der Zee0 An annotated checklist of the fishes of Gabon. Cybium 46(2-3):69-317. (Ref. 127434) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Chabot, C.L. and L.G. Allen0 Global population structure of the tope (<i>Galeorhinus galeus</i>) inferred by mitochondrial control region sequence data. Molecular Ecology 18:545-552. (Ref. 128623) Sánchez-Carnero, N., M.E. Góngora, M. Álvarez and A. Parma0 La pesca artesanal en Argentina: caminando las costas del país la. ed. 230. (Ref. 130851) Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals-CMS0 Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals (CMS). xxx (Ref. 131118) Velez-Zuazo, X., J. Alfaro-Shigueto, J. Mangel, R. Papa and I. Agnarsson0 What barcode sequencing reveals about the shark fishery in Peru. Fish. Res. 161:34-41. (Ref. 133132) FB-pic-4642-4153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-29 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4642 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Gagal_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Gagal_u0.gif FB-pic-4642-27306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2000-06-26 2000-06-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4642 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Tagged and released Locality: Fenit, Kerry, Ireland. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Gagal_m0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Gagal_m0.jpg Locality: Fenit, Kerry, Ireland. FB-GeneralDescr-4642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2019-02-28 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4642 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Mainly demersal on continental and insular shelves, but also on the upper slopes, at depths from near shore to 550 m (Ref. 6871), but has been shown to be pelagic in the open ocean (frequently caught on floating tuna longlines over deep water, and many New Zealand-tagged specimens have been recaptured in Australia) (Ref. 26346). Occurs in small schools that are highly migratory in higher latitudes in their range (Ref. 244). There is pronounced partial segregation by size and sex in some areas (Ref. 244). Feeds on fishes (bottom as well as pelagic species, Ref. 26346), crustaceans, cephalopods, worms, and echinoderms (Ref. 244). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Targeted for human consumption, liver for squalene oil, fins for soup (Ref. 244); also utilized as fishmeal (Ref. 13563). Marketed fresh, dried-salted, and frozen (Ref. 9987). Adapts well in captivity if carefully captured and handled (Ref. 12951). Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-10-28 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4642 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle A large houndshark with a long, pointed snout, a large mouth, and small blade-like teeth; 2nd dorsal about as large as anal fin and terminal caudal lobe as long as rest of fin (Ref. 5578). Greyish above, white below; young with black markings on fins (Ref. 5578). Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) FB-Morphology-4642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-10-28 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4642 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0 Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) FB-Distribution-4642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-08-28 00:00:00 2025-09-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4642 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats World-wide in cold to warm temperate waters. Compagno, L.J.V., D. Dando and S. Fowler 2005 Sharks of the world. Princeton field guides. Harper Collins Publishing Ltd., London. 368 p. (Ref. 58085) FB-Uses-4642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2019-02-28 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4642 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums; price category: medium; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species Crawford, R. 1993 World record game fishes 1993. The International Game Fish Association, Pompano Beach, Florida. (Ref. 6323) FB-Migration-4642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2019-02-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4642 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-4642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2019-02-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4642&StockCode=4830 Ovoviviparous, without a yolk-sac placenta (Ref. 244). Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). 6 to 52 young in a litter (Ref. 26346). Litter size increases with the size of the mother. Embryos reach 30-36 cm TL at birth (Ref. 6080). In the southern waters of Australia, newly born and older juveniles (30-70 cm long) aggregate in 'nursery areas' found in shallow waters.They move to deeper coastal waters to over-winter. The following spring finds most of these young returning to their nursery areas. The older ones, aged 2 years and over move instead to eastern Bass Strait where most of the immature stock are found. The length of an average full-term embryo is 32 cm. Spawning frequency is once every year, ovulation occurring in early summer and parturition is completed by January of the following year. Gestation period lasts for about 12 months (Ref. 6390, 6871). Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve 1993 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390) FB-TrophicStrategy-4642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-08-01 00:00:00 2008-07-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public galeus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Occurs on the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 75154). Demersal piscivore (Ref. 12223). In the southern waters of Australia, school sharks are found in schools which are of mainly similar sex and similar size. A great part of the population migrates to the warmer waters of South Australia and New South Wales in the late summer and winter months. They return to the Bass Strait and the continental shelf around Australia during October or November (Ref. 6390). The species undertakes long migrations (movements) up to 2,500 km in the northeast Atlantic and to 1,400 km in southern Australia (Ref. 6871). Ripley, E. 1946 The biology of the soupfin <i>Galeorhinus zyopterus</i> and biochemical studies of the liver. Fish. Bull. 64. (Ref. 9652) FB-Size-4642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2019-02-28 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4642 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 193 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637)); 195 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 44.7 kg (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 55 years (Ref. 6871) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens 1994 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2019-02-28 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4642 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution benthopelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 0 - 1100 m (Ref. 26346), usually 2 - 471 m (Ref. 43939) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Cox, G. and M. Francis 1997 Sharks and rays of New Zealand. Canterbury Univ. Press, Univ. of Canterbury. 68 p. (Ref. 26346) Mecklenburg, C.W., T.A. Mecklenburg and L.K. Thorsteinson 2002 Fishes of Alaska. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. xxxvii +1037 p. (Ref. 43939)