FB-4719 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4719 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Tilapia Tilapia sparrmanii Smith, 1840 Situhu Vleikurper Vlei-kurper Vlei-tilapia Chituku Matuku Sparrmans Tilapia Banded bream Banded tilapia Sparrman's bream Vihertilapia Ghetla Tshikwea Katwa Khundu Liumbwe Makumba Matshakala Mbowo Thoho Thundwa Tsha wamba Tshikele Tshimbua Tshinganda 斯氏非鯽 斯氏非鲫 Chromis niloticus (non Linnaeus, 1758) Chromis ovalis Steindachner, 1866 Chromis sparrmanii (Smith, 1840) Chromis sparrmanni (Smith, 1840) Chromys moffatii Castelnau, 1861 Chromys sparmanni (Smith, 1840) Tilapia deschauenseei Fowler, 1931 Tilapia fouloni Boulenger, 1905 Tilapia melanopleura (non Duméril, 1861) Tilapia ovalis (Steindachner, 1866) Tilapia sparmani Smith, 1840 Tilapia sparmanii Smith, 1840 Tilapia sparmanni Smith, 1840 Tilapia sparrmani Smith, 1840 Tilapia sparrmanni Smith, 1840 1991-11-06 2024-01-23 Philippart, J.-C. and J.-C. Ruwet0 Ecology and distribution of tilapias. p. 15-60. In R.S.V. Pullin and R.H. Lowe-McConnell (eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7. (Ref. 3) Wohlfarth, G.W. and G. Hulata0 Applied genetics of tilapias. ICLARM Stud. Rev. 6 (2nd edition), 26 p. (Ref. 21) Roberts, R.J. and C. Sommerville0 Diseases of tilapias. p. 247-263. In R.S.V. Pullin and R.H. Lowe-McConnell (eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7. (Ref. 82) de Merona, B., T. Hecht and J. Moreau0 Croissance des poissons d'eau douce africains. [Growth of African freshwater fishes.]. p. 191-219. In C. Lévêque, M.N. Bruton and G.W. Ssentongo (eds.) Biologie et écologie des poissons d'eau douce africains. Éditions de l'ORSTOM, Coll. Trav. Doc. 216. 508 p. (Ref. 383) Welcomme, R.L.0 International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p. (Ref. 1739) Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. 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Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14:281 p. (Ref. 52863) Mwape, L.M.0 Bemba local names of lake fishes in northern Zambia. p. 246-249. In M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily and D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14:281 p. (Ref. 52870) Thys van den Audenaerde, D.F.E.0 Révision systématique des espèces congolaises du genre <i>Tilapia</i> (Pisces, Cichlidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sér. In-8°, Sci. Zool., 124:155p. (Ref. 55074) Snoeks, J. (ed.)0 The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55463) Snoeks, J. and M. Hanssens0 Identification guidelines to other non-mbuna. p.266-310. In Snoeks, J. (ed.) The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55954) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Thys van den Audenaerde, D.F.E.0 La distribution géographique des <i>Tilapia</i> au Congo. Bull. Séances Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer 9(3):570-605. (Ref. 74387) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Næsje, T.F., C.J. Hay, N. Nickanor, J.H., Strand, R. Koekemoer and E.B. Thorstad0 Fish populations, gill net catches and gill net selectivity in the Kwando River, Namibia. NINA Project Report 27. 64 p. (Ref. 81703) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. 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Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Moelants, T.0 Diversity and ecology of the ichthyofauna of the Middle and Upper Congo basin: a case-study in the region of the Wagenia falls (Democratic Republic of the Congo). KULeuven, Faculty of Science, Leuven (Belgium), 320p. (Ref. 106245) Skelton, P.H.0 Name changes and additions to the southern African freshwater fish fauna. Afr. J. Aquat. Sci. 2016:1-7. (Ref. 114605) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Genner, M.J., G.F. Turner and B.P. Ngatunga0 A guide to the tilapia fishes of Tanzania. Martin J. Genner, George F. Turner and Benjamin P. Ngatunga, August 2018. 29 p. (Ref. 118638) Skelton, P.H.0 Chapter 11. The freshwater fishes of Angola. p. 207-242. In B.J. Huntley, V. Russo, F. Lages and N. Ferrand (eds.) Biodiversity of Angola. Science & conservation: a modern synthesis. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, Switzerland. 549 p. (Ref. 120641) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante0 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-4719-10573 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4719 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Tispa_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Tispa_u0.gif FB-pic-4719-13866 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-03-18 1999-03-02 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4719 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Tispa_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Tispa_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-4719 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-11-06 00:00:00 2025-12-15 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4719 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Adults are found in widely diverse habitat (Ref. 3); they favor areas where plant cover exists along the edges of rivers, lakes or swamps (Ref. 3), but tend to be confined to shallow weedy areas, so ithey do not build up large populations in deep lakes (Ref. 118638). They are reported to be cold-confined (Ref. 118638). Adults are omnivorous, feeding on animal and plant matter (Ref. 118638), preferentially on filamentous algae, aquatic macrophytes and vegetable matter of terrestrial origin like leaves, plants, etc. (Ref. 3). Juveniles feed on small crustaceans and midge larvae (Ref. 6465). It is forage fish for bass (Ref. 7248). A substrate spawner (Ref. 52307, 118638). Male and female form pairs to rear the young (Ref. 118638). It undertakes seasonal upstream migration and breeds before and during these migrations (Ref. 13337, 52307). A relatively small species, so unlikely to play much of a role in capture fisheries, but cultured in ponds in Njombe, Tanzania, and apparently stocked into Lake Kiungululu, Tanzania, where it is not presently exploited (Ref. 118638). Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde 1991 Tilapia. p. 482-508. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5163) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4719 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-02-05 00:00:00 2018-11-29 16:35:33 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4719 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Diagnosis: A small, deep-bodied species with a narrow head and small strong jaws (Ref. 118638). Often appearing a rich deep yellow with wide dark brown bands, and red/orange fin margins; mature adults are very dark with prominent black stripes and a patch of scarlet scales behind the head (Ref. 118638).Description: Moderately deep-bodied; head small; frontal profile rounded to steep; caudal fin rounded (Ref. 52307).Colouration: Body grayish-brown to bronze; sometimes with 7-8 dark vertical bars, more prominent in dorsal body parts, may be visible; dorsal fin often reddish-brown with an iridescent bluish flush in its upper parts and outlined in red, and some dark stripes in soft portion; caudal fin essentially unmarked, although in males there may occasionally be some bluish spots; outermost region anal fin fairly dark, with some pale spots at its base; pelvic fin rays may become moderately elongated and have a pale reddish-brown anterior edge (Ref. 52307). Genner, M.J., G.F. Turner and B.P. Ngatunga 2018 A guide to the tilapia fishes of Tanzania. Martin J. Genner, George F. Turner and Benjamin P. Ngatunga, August 2018. 29 p. (Ref. 118638) FB-Morphology-4719 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-02-05 00:00:00 2018-11-29 16:35:33 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4719 Dorsal spines (total): 1315 Genner, M.J., G.F. Turner and B.P. Ngatunga 2018 A guide to the tilapia fishes of Tanzania. Martin J. Genner, George F. Turner and Benjamin P. Ngatunga, August 2018. 29 p. (Ref. 118638) FB-Distribution-4719 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-11-06 00:00:00 2019-08-26 20:51:33 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4719 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Africa: middle Congo River basin in the Kwilu (Ref. 11970), Kwango, Kasai drainage (Ref. 11970, 55074) and Lomami (Ref. 106245); upper Congo River basin including the Lualaba, upper Lualaba, Lufira, Upemba region, Luvua, Lake Mweru, Luapula (Ref. 55074) and Bangweulu (Ref. 5163, 95585); Cunene, Okavango, Lake Ngami, Zambezi, Limpopo, northern tributaries of the Orange River (Ref. 5163, 11970), Cuvelai (Ref. 120641), upper Cuanza, Sabi, Lundi and Lake Malawi (Ref. 5163). Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde 1991 Tilapia. p. 482-508. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5163) FB-Uses-4719 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-11-06 00:00:00 2025-12-15 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4719 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: subsistence fisheries; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes Skelton, P.H. 1993 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Skelton, P.H. 1993 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248) FB-Migration-4719 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-11-06 00:00:00 2025-12-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4719 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) FB-LifeCycle-4719 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1991-11-06 00:00:00 2025-12-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4719&StockCode=4940 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution A substrate spawner (Ref. 118638). Male spreads his milt over the cluster of eggs which are deposited on the bottom or even attached to the branches of aquatic weeds; parents guard the eggs; eggs and fry may be moved into the mouth to alternative sites during hatching operations but there is no evidence of actual mouth brooding (Ref. 13337). Bell-Cross, G. and J.L. Minshull 1988 The fishes of Zimbabwe. National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. 294 p. (Ref. 13337) FB-TrophicStrategy-4719 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-11-08 00:00:00 2018-11-29 17:46:04 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ sparrmanii Found in widely diverse habitat (Ref. 3); it favors areas where plant cover exists along the edges of rivers, lakes or swamps (Ref. 3), but tends to be confined to shallow weedy areas, so it does not build up large populations in deep lakes (Ref. 118638). It is reported to be cold-confined (Ref. 118638). Adults are omnivorous, feeding on animal and plant matter (Ref. 118638), preferentially on filamentous algae, aquatic macrophytes and vegetable matter of terrestrial origin like leaves, plants, etc. (Ref. 3). Juveniles feed on small crustaceans and midge larvae (Ref. 6465). It is forage fish for bass (Ref. 7248). Philippart, J.-C. and J.-C. Ruwet 1982 Ecology and distribution of tilapias. p. 15-60. In R.S.V. Pullin and R.H. Lowe-McConnell (eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7. (Ref. 3) FB-Size-4719 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-11-06 00:00:00 2025-12-15 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4719 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 23.5 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 27292)); max. published weight: 445 g (Ref. 7248) Seegers, L. 1996 The fishes of the Lake Rukwa drainage. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 278:1-407. (Ref. 27292) Skelton, P.H. 1993 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-4719-1149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-05-20 00:00:00 2005-08-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4719&StockCode=4940 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Fish tuberculosis (FishMB). Bacterial diseases Roberts, R.J. and C. Sommerville 1982 Diseases of tilapias. p. 247-263. In R.S.V. Pullin and R.H. Lowe-McConnell (eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7. (Ref. 82) FB-Habitat-4719 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-11-06 00:00:00 2025-12-15 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4719 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution benthopelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 126106); freshwater; pH range: 7.0; dH range: 10; depth range 5 - ? m (Ref. 3) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) Philippart, J.-C. and J.-C. Ruwet 1982 Ecology and distribution of tilapias. p. 15-60. In R.S.V. Pullin and R.H. Lowe-McConnell (eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7. (Ref. 3)