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	<dc:identifier>FB-48559</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=48559</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Characiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Crenuchidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Characidium</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Characidium lagosantense Travassos, 1947</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Kugleplettet flodpigrokke</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Magdalena river stingray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Magdalena jõerai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Kennojokirausku</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Raya</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Raya de rio</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Magdalenazoetwaterrog</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>馬氏江魟</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>马氏江魟</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Taeniura magdalenae Duméril, 1865</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Trygon hystrix (non Müller &amp; Henle, 1841)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1998-05-15</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2021-10-19</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=48569'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7444&amp;speccode=48569'>Nishida, K.0 Phylogeny of the suborder Myliobatidoidei. Mem. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ. 37(1,2) (serial no. 54):1-108. (Ref. 7444)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26282&amp;speccode=48569'>Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26543&amp;speccode=48569'>Galvis, G., J.I. Mojica and M. Camargo0 Peces del Catatumbo. Asociación Cravo Norte, Santafé de Bogotá, D.C., 188 p. (Ref. 26543)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=48569'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=48569'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-8018-6048-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35766&amp;speccode=48569'>Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)</reference>
	<reference isbn='85-7430-361-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36687&amp;speccode=48569'>de Carvalho, M.R., N. Lovejoy and R.S. Rosa0 Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays). p. 22-28. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36687)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=48569'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=48569'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43454&amp;speccode=48569'>Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51086&amp;speccode=48569'>Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=48569'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=48569'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=48569'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=48569'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=96636&amp;speccode=48569'>Hernández-Serna, A., V. Márquez-Velásquez, J.D. Carvajal-Quintero, A. Gulfo, C. Granado-Lorencio and L.F. Jiménez-Segura0 Length-weight relationships of 38 fish species of the Magdalena River floodplain lakes. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 30(3):549-551. (Ref. 96636)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=48569'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=48569'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115941&amp;speccode=48569'>CITES, UNEP-WCMC0 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 04 April 2017. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 01/08/2017]. (Ref. 115941)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118484&amp;speccode=48569'>CITES, UNEP-WCMC0 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 04 October 2017. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 08/17/2017]. (Ref. 118484)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128078&amp;speccode=48569'>CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 11 January 2023 and 25 November 2023. UNEP. (Ref. 128078)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1849954984' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128868&amp;speccode=48569'>Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. 	Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130676&amp;speccode=48569'>Petersen, P.0 Danish names and photos and other species information. Pers. Comm. (Ref. 130676)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=131153&amp;speccode=48569'>CITES0 Appendices I, II and III. UNEP. (Ref. 131153)</reference><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Christine Marie V. Casal</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-05-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-04-27 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Prefers shallow muddy bottoms with turbid waters (Ref. 26543).  Feeds on insect larvae (Ref. 26543).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-8018-6048-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35766&amp;speccode=48569'>Compagno, L.J.V. 1999 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-48569</dc:identifier>
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	<dcterms:created>1998-05-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-07-17 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses</subject>
	<dc:description>South America:  Magdalena and Atrato River basins.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='85-7430-361-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36687&amp;speccode=48569'>de Carvalho, M.R., N. Lovejoy and R.S. Rosa 2003 Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays). p. 22-28. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36687)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-48569</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Drina Sta. Iglesia</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2001-01-26 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2001-06-27 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>magdalenae</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Prefers shallow muddy bottoms with turbid waters. Feeds on insect larvae.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26543&amp;speccode=48569'>Galvis, G., J.I. Mojica and M. Camargo 1997 Peces del Catatumbo. Asociación Cravo Norte, Santafé de Bogotá, D.C., 188 p. (Ref. 26543)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-48569</dc:identifier>
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	<dcterms:created>1998-05-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=48569</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>35.0 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 36687)); max. published weight: 755 g (Ref. 96636)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='85-7430-361-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36687&amp;speccode=48569'>de Carvalho, M.R., N. Lovejoy and R.S. Rosa 2003 Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays). p. 22-28. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36687)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=96636&amp;speccode=48569'>Hernández-Serna, A., V. Márquez-Velásquez, J.D. Carvajal-Quintero, A. Gulfo, C. Granado-Lorencio and L.F. Jiménez-Segura 2014 Length-weight relationships of 38 fish species of the Magdalena River floodplain lakes. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 30(3):549-551. (Ref. 96636)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-48569</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Christine Marie V. Casal</agent>
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	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; freshwater</dc:description>
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