FB-4979 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4979 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Scaridae Chlorurus Chlorurus gibbus (Rüppell, 1829) Chotord Otord Ghabban Rotmeer-Buckelkopf Gibbus parrotfish Heavybeak parrotfish Steephead parrotfish Punase mere papagoikala Punase mere vintkala Perroquet mâchoiron Bayan Bayan paruh Kakatua Loro dentón Managa Mbono wino Noo landaa Raiy landaa 小吻鸚嘴魚 小吻鹦嘴鱼 駝背綠鸚嘴魚 驼背绿鹦嘴鱼 Callyodon microcheilus (non Bleeker, 1861) Chlorurus gibbosus (Rüppell, 1829) Chlorurus microcheilos (non Bleeker, 1861) Chlorurus microrhinos (non Bleeker, 1854) Chlorurus strongylocephalus (non Bleeker, 1855) Scarus gibbus Rüppell, 1829 Scarus microrhinos (non Bleeker, 1854) Scarus strongylocephalus (non Bleeker, 1855) 1992-02-07 2003-07-22 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Randall, J.E. and J.H. Choat0 Two new parrotfishes of the genus <i>Scarus</i> from the Central and South Pacific, with further examples of sexual dichromatism. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 70:383-419. (Ref. 2689) Bruce, R.W. and J.E. Randall0 Scaridae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. (Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51). volume 3. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3488) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga0 Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p. (Ref. 5213) Schuster, W.H. and R. Djajadiredja0 Local common names of Indonesian fishes. W.V. Hoeve, Bandung, Indonesia. 276 p. (Ref. 6107) Anderson, C. and A. Hafiz0 Common reef fishes of the Maldives. Part 1. Novelty Press, Republic of Maldives. 83 p. (Ref. 6113) Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen0 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137) Bellwood, D.R.0 Scaridae. Parrotfishes. p. 3468-3492. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9793) Helfman, G.S. and J.E. Randall0 Palauan fish names. Pac. Sci. 27(2):136-153. (Ref. 10494) Bellwood, D.R.0 A phylogenetic study of the parrotfishes family Scaridae (Pisces: Labroidei), with a revision of genera. Rec. Aust. Mus. Suppl. 20:1-86. (Ref. 11064) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's tank photos. Collection of 10,000 large-format photos (slides) of dead fishes. Unpublished. (Ref. 28618) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's underwater photos. Collection of almost 2,000 underwater photos (slides). Unpublished. (Ref. 28620) Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers0 FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p. (Ref. 30573) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BPBM). Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai`I, 96817-0916 USA. 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Ponniah0 Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, India.775 p. (Ref. 45255) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Huang, Z.0 Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843) Chen, J.-P., R.-Q. Jan and K.-T. Shao0 Checklist of reef fishes from Taiping Island (Itu Aba Island), Spratly Islands, South China Sea. Pac. Sci. 51(2):143-166. (Ref. 48445) Chen, J.-P., K.-T. Shao and C.-P. Lin0 A checklist of reef fishes from the Tungsha Tao (Pratas Island), South China Sea. Acta Zoologica Taiwanica 6(2):13-40. (Ref. 48451) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Khalaf, M.A. and A.M. Disi0 Fishes of the Gulf of Aqaba. Marine Science Station, Aqaba, Jordan. 252 p. (Ref. 48643) World Wide Fund for Nature (Philippines)0 Annual Ecosystem Research & Monitoring Reports. Tubbataha Conservation Project. WWF-Philippines. Electronic file. (Ref. 53416) Randall, J.E.0 Reef and shore fishes of the South Pacific. New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 720 p. (Ref. 54980) Pereira, M.A.M.0 Preliminary checklist of reef-associated fishes of Mozambique. Maputo, Ministtry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA). 21 pp. (Ref. 57683) Khalaf, M.A.0 Fish fauna of the Jordanian Coast, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Marine Sciences 15(1):23-50. (Ref. 58021) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen0 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Bouchon-Navaro, Y. and M.L. Harmelin-Vivien0 Quantitative distribution of herbivorous reef fishes in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea)*. Mar. Biol. 63:79-86. (Ref. 78109) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Golani, D. and S. V. Bogorodsky0 The fishes of the Red Sea - reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa 2463:1-135. (Ref. 84159) Department of Fisheries Malaysia0 Valid local name of Malaysian marine fishes. Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. 180 p. (Ref. 85449) Moldzio, S.0 Checklist of species from Marsa Shagra, Egypt. Personal Communication. Provided Excel file and photos. 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(Ref. 101110) Koror Republic of Palau.0 The Rock Islands Southern Lagoon. http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCkQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palaupanfund.org%2Fpdf%2Fmanagementplan%2Fkoror%2FRock%2520Islands%2520Southern%2520Lagoon%2520Area%2520Management%2520Plan%25202012-2016%2520latest%2520July%252018.pdf&ei=HKOcVZ6LMNjr8AXEuKzwCA&usg=AFQjCNFN07tAwxC1s67J47zoXSQImcfNmg&sig2=z7WLKekW7DHqs_11pn39ZA&bvm=bv.96952980,d.dGc [Accessed 08/07/2015]. (Ref. 103126) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi0 Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi. http://term.eki.ee/termbase/view/7351963/ (Ref. 105574) Torres, F. Jr.0 Species list for the five municipalities in Southern Palawan. Personal Communication [31/03/17]. (Ref. 114805) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) van der Elst, Rudy, Simon Chater and Dennis King0 Fishes from Bassas Da India Atoll in the Mozambique Channel. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 629. (Ref. 124899) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-4979-2184 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-04 2001-10-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4979 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chgib_j0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Chgib_j0.jpg FB-pic-4979-7987 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-07 1997-02-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4979 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chgib_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Chgib_u0.jpg FB-pic-4979-7988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-07 2013-05-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4979 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chgib_m0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Chgib_m0.jpg FB-pic-4979-17959 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-09-02 2000-11-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4979 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chgib_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Chgib_u1.jpg Locality: Sanganeb Atoll, Red Sea, Sudan (North). FB-pic-4979-17960 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-09-02 1999-06-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4979 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chgib_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Chgib_u2.jpg FB-pic-4979-17961 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-09-02 2013-05-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4979 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chgib_m1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Chgib_m1.jpg FB-pic-4979-17962 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-09-02 1999-07-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4979 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chgib_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Chgib_u3.jpg Locality: Sharm el Moya, Red Sea, Egypt. FB-pic-4979-24041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1999-09-10 2001-07-01 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4979 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chgib_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Chgib_u0.gif FB-pic-4979-24053 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1999-09-10 2001-07-01 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4979 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chgib_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Chgib_u1.gif FB-pic-4979-35211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2002-12-02 2002-12-15 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4979 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chgib_u3.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Chgib_u3.gif FB-GeneralDescr-4979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-02-07 00:00:00 2003-07-22 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4979 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Usually in groups on the outer reef (Ref. 30573). Caught with nets, and other types of artisanal gears. Parenti, P. and J.E. Randall 2000 An annotated checklist of the species of the labroid fish families Labridae and Scaridae. Ichthyol. Bull. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. (68):1-97. (Ref. 35918) FB-Distribution-4979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-02-07 00:00:00 2021-09-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4979 Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea. The species complex comprise of Chlorurus gibbus in the Red Sea, Chlorurus strongylocephalus in the Indian Ocean and Chlorurus microrhinos in the West Central Pacific. Parenti, P. and J.E. Randall 2000 An annotated checklist of the species of the labroid fish families Labridae and Scaridae. Ichthyol. Bull. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. (68):1-97. (Ref. 35918) FB-Uses-4979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-02-07 00:00:00 2003-07-22 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4979 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen 1993 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137) Burgess, W.E., H.R. Axelrod and R.E. Hunziker III 1990 Dr. Burgess's atlas of marine aquarium fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. 768 p. FB-LifeCycle-4979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-07 00:00:00 2003-07-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4979&StockCode=5212 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-4979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2003-07-23 00:00:00 2007-09-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public gibbus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Usually in groups on the outer reef (Ref. 30573). Feeds on algae, and inhabits on reef edge. Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers 1996 FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p. (Ref. 30573) FB-Size-4979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-02-07 00:00:00 2003-07-22 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4979 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 70.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 30573)); max. published weight: 4,000 g (Ref. 3488); max. reported age: 14 years (Ref. 13619) Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers 1996 FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p. (Ref. 30573) Bruce, R.W. and J.E. Randall 1984 Scaridae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. (Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51). volume 3. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3488) Choat, J.H., L.M. Axe and D.C. Lou 1996 Growth and longevity in fishes of the family Scaridae. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 145:33-41. FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-02-07 00:00:00 2003-07-22 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4979 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy reef-associated; marine