FB-4989 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4989 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Gadiformes Macrouridae Malacocephalus Malacocephalus laevis (Lowe, 1843) Småskjellet skolest Bulawik zlotawy Batage Lagartixa Lagartixa-do-mar Peixe-rato Ratage Rato Rato redondo Småskællet skolæst Armed grenadier Smooth headed rattail Smooth whiptail Softhead grenadier Harilik pehmepea Smáskrubbuta langasporl Grenadier barbu Silfurhali Småfjällig skoläst Abámbolo de bajura Pez rata negro Grenadier 滑軟首鱈 滑软首鳕 軟頭條鱈 软头条鳕 Macrourus laevis Lowe, 1843 Macrurus laevis Lowe, 1843 1992-02-10 2000-11-14 Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba0 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371) Schneider, W.0 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. 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(Ref. 137577) FB-pic-4989-6558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-12-13 1996-04-03 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4989 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Malae_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Malae_u0.gif FB-pic-4989-6774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-12-27 1996-04-03 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4989 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Malae_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Malae_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-4989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-10 00:00:00 2000-11-14 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4989 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Found on continental slopes (Ref. 1371). Utilized mainly for fishmeal and oil (Ref. 1371). In the past, fishers in the North Atlantic were reported to have used the luminescent excretion from the ventral light organ to enhance baits used for cod fishing (Ref. 1371). Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-01-28 00:00:00 1994-09-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4989 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Head uniformly scaled, including the mandibles and the ventral aspects of the snout and suborbital. Snout blunt, its tip with a conical tubercle. The trunk is short, the body tapers abruptly from behind the first dorsal fin. The caudal fin is absent. Iwamoto, T. 1986 Macrouridae. p. 330-341. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 2800) FB-Morphology-4989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-01-28 00:00:00 1994-09-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4989 Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 229; Analspines: 0 Iwamoto, T. 1986 Macrouridae. p. 330-341. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 2800) FB-Distribution-4989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-10 00:00:00 2010-03-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4989 Atlantic, Indian and Pacific: Western Atlantic: Strait of Florida to Brazil, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Eastern Atlantic: Iceland (Ref. 12462) and Faroes to South Africa. Indian Ocean: Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, off Maldives and off East African coast. Western Pacific: Indonesian area and Australia. Eastern Central Pacific (Ref. 9315). Malacocephalus hawaiiensis, Malacocephalus luzonensis, and Malacocephalus nipponensis are closely related to Malacocephalus laevis and may eventually prove to represent populations of this species, if a comprehensive comparison of material from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans is done (Ref. 1371). Geistdoerfer, P. 1990 Macrouridae. p. 541-563. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3587) FB-Uses-4989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-10 00:00:00 2000-11-14 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4989 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371) FB-TrophicStrategy-4989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-10 00:00:00 2023-02-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public laevis http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Found on continental slopes (Ref. 1371, 75154). Feeds on pelagic crustaceans (Ref. 58748). Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Ref. 2683) FB-Size-4989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-10 00:00:00 2000-11-14 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4989 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 60.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2800)) Iwamoto, T. 1986 Macrouridae. p. 330-341. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 2800) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-10 00:00:00 2000-11-14 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4989 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size bathydemersal; non-migratory; marine; depth range 200 - 1000 m (Ref. 1371), usually 300 - 750 m (Ref. 3587) Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371) Geistdoerfer, P. 1990 Macrouridae. p. 541-563. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3587)