FB-5024 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5024 Animalia Chordata Cladistii Polypteriformes Polypteridae Polypterus Polypterus senegalus Cuvier, 1829 Wielopletwiec senegalski Abshir Abshire Bichir Dabib el hut Emsir Bichir senegalský Senegal-bikir Senegal-Flösselhecht Bichir Gray bichir Sail-fin Sénégal bichir Senegali hulkuim Adeke Alideka Dégé Deka Viherniilinhauki Sanmeki Gwando Jeyei Khâb Khabé Sannka Adagba Agada Agwer Akata Ding Gbaranga Gong kakarte Gong kekerte Juath Kambanioka Keskia Keskla Kuilwaafo Kuku Kusakpa Kutenkellie Mtonta Nagir Nagiri Otel Otell Otwel Sajigɛ Sayo 塞內加爾多鰭魚 塞内加尔多鳍鱼 梅里多鰭魚 梅里多鳍鱼 Polypterus arnaudi Duméril, 1870 Polypterus arnaudii Duméril, 1870 Polypterus bichir (non Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1802) Polypterus delhezi (non Boulenger, 1899) Polypterus lapradei (non Steindachner, 1869) Polypterus senagalus Cuvier, 1829 Polypterus senegalensis Steindachner, 1870 Polypterus senegallus Cuvier, 1829 Polypterus senegalus meridionalis Poll, 1941 Polypterus senegalus senegalus Cuvier, 1829 1992-02-11 2024-01-23 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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(Ref. 128374) FB-GeneralDescr-5024 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tess Cruz 1992-02-11 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5024 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution This species inhabits marginal swamps and freshwater lagoons (Ref. 3066) and it appears to favor sheltered inshore habitats (Ref. 3034); it inhabits the muddy regions at the sides of rivers and swampy waters, where it lies quiet or glides about with snake-like movements (Ref. 49805). During the hottest hours of the day, it comes to the surface just on the outer edge of the vegetation, and it goes back to the bottom when disturbed (Ref. 45962). It feeds on insects, crustaceans, mollusks, frogs and fishes (Ref. 4903, Ref. 28714). Polypterus senegalus senegalus is mainly insectivorous (Ref. 367). Longevity of Polypterus senegalus in captivity can be 34 years and more (Ref. 48954).Larval fish 1.1-3.8 cm SL were found in papyrus root mat and juveniles up to 10 cm SL retaining external gills were found in fringing water hyacinth. Feeds mainly on fishes (Ref. 9695), insects, crustaceans, mollusks, frogs as well as on plant fragments and seeds. Gosse, J.P. and J. Daget 2003 Polypteridae. p. 101-112. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81263) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5024 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1992-03-02 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5024 Diagnosis: Polypterus senegalus is characterized by jaws of equal length or an upper jaw slightly longer than lower jaw and a pectoral fin not reaching the first dorsal ray (Ref. 2756, 2835, 42908, 43035, 81263).Description: Polypterus senegalus senegalus has a cylindrical or faintly depressed body; its height comprised 7,1 to 10,6 times in body length and head length 5 to 7 times in body length (Ref. 2835, 42908, 81263). Head not flattened, 1,6 to 2 times longer than broad; snout acuminate and upper jaw faintly prominent or jaws of equal length; interorbital region convex; eye diameter comprised 5 to 8 times in head length (Ref. 1989, 2756, 2835, 81263). Dorsal fin with 8-11 rays, anteriorly separated from each other when folded, followed by 16-18 dorsal and caudal articulated rays; anal fin with 14-17 rays; pectoral fin rounded, not getting the level of the first dorsal ray (Ref. 2835, 42908, 81263). Ganoid scales (Ref. 42904): 53-61 in lateral line, 34-40 around body in front of dorsal fin and 14-21 predorsal scales; lateral line scales simply perforated, not grooved, without posterior notched border (Ref. 2835, 42908, 81263). Polypterus senegalus meridionalis has a cylindrical or subcylindrical body; its height comprised 7 to 9 times in body length and head length 4,5 to 6,8 times in body length (Ref. 43035). Head not flattened, 1,5 to 1,75 times longer than broad; snout acuminate and upper jaw faintly prominent or jaws of equal length; eye diameter comprised 4,25 to 8 times in head length (Ref. 43035). Dorsal fin with 9-10 rays, anteriorly separated from each other when folded; anal fin with 14-17 rays; pectoral fin not getting the level of the first dorsal ray (Ref. 42908, 43035). Ganoid scales (Ref. 42904): 55-58 in lateral line, 34-36 around body in front of dorsal fin and 15-20 predorsal scales; lateral line scales perforated, not grooved, without posterior notched border (Ref. 42908, 43035).Colouration: In alcohol, Polypterus senegalus senegalus with upper part of body uniformly grey or olive-coloured, belly whitish; young specimens with three longitudinal dark stripes on the flanks, which disappear at an early age; fins grey-coloured (Ref. 367, 2835, 81263). Polypterus senegalus meridionalis with upper part of body uniformly olive-grey coloured; juveniles with three longitudinal black stripes on the flanks (Ref. 43035, 44841). Gosse, J.P. and J. Daget 2003 Polypteridae. p. 101-112. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81263) FB-Morphology-5024 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1992-03-02 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5024 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 811; Analspines: 1417; Vertebrae: 53 - 59 Gosse, J.P. and J. Daget 2003 Polypteridae. p. 101-112. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81263) FB-Distribution-5024 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tess Cruz 1992-02-11 00:00:00 2022-02-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5024 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Africa: subspecies Polypterus senegalus senegalus known from West Africa, in Senegal, Gambia, Niger, Volta and Chad basins (Ref. 2835, 3188, 81263), up to Nile River basin (Ref. 2835, 3188) and lakes Turkana (Ref. 3188) and Albert (Ref. 41590, 48922, 48960). Subspecies Polypterus senegalus meridionalis known from middle and upper Congo River basin (Ref. 2835, 3188, 4910, 45434). Gosse, J.P. and J. Daget 2003 Polypteridae. p. 101-112. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81263) FB-Uses-5024 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tess Cruz 1992-02-11 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5024 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: commercial Reed, W., J. Burchard., A.J. Hopson, J. Jenness and I. Yaro 1967 Fish and fisheries of Northern Nigeria. Ministry of Agriculture Northern Nigeria, Nigeria. 226 p. (Ref. 9695) Nigrelli, R.F. 1959 Longevity of fishes in captivity, with special reference to those kept in the New York Aquarium. p. 212-230. In G.E.W. Wolstehnolmen and M. O'Connor (eds.) Ciba Foundation Colloquium on Ageing: the life span of animals. Vol. 5., Churchill, London. (Ref. 273) FB-Migration-5024 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tess Cruz 1992-02-11 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5024 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-5024 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 1992-02-11 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=5024&StockCode=5259 In Polypterus senegalus courtship starts with a series of leaps from the surface by usually only one of the pair at a time, followed by a slow descent through the water; after a while the male stays very close to the female and at times the female will remain motionless in the water and the male will come up to her from behind and nudge her with sidewise movements of his head; the enlarged and swollen anal fin of the male is folded in a cup-like fashion and is used to brush the female (Ref. 42791). No nest is constructed, but the eggs are laid a few at a time throughout the thick vegetation (Ref. 42791). The larvae, which move about with the male parent in a dense school, are provided with accessory gills and appear very salamander-like (Ref. 42791). Burgess, W.E. 1983 Bichirs and rope fish. Trop. Fish Hobbyist 31(5):14-17. (Ref. 42791) FB-TrophicStrategy-5024 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1997-02-28 00:00:00 2005-01-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public senegalus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size It inhabits marginal swamps and freshwater lagoons (Ref. 3066). It feeds on insects, crustaceans, molluscs, fish and frogs; plant fragments and seeds are also ingested (Ref. 28714). But Polypterus senegalus senegalus is mainly insectivorous (Ref. 367). Also Ref. 52840. Hickley, P. and R.G. Bailey 1987 Food and feeding relationships of fish in the Sudd swamps (River Nile, southern Sudan). J. Fish Biol. 30(2):147-159. (Ref. 6160) FB-Size-5024 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tess Cruz 1992-02-11 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5024 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 70.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 3188)); max. published weight: 207 g (Ref. 3013) Gosse, J.-P. 1984 Polypteridae. p. 18-29. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). Volume I. ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. 410 p. (Ref. 3188) Daget, J. and A. Stauch 1963 Poissons de la partie camerounaise du bassin de la Bénoué. Mém. I.F.A.N. 68:85-107. (Ref. 3013) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-5024-1562 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-06-28 00:00:00 2005-06-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5024&StockCode=5259 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Macrogyrodactylus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) FB-Habitat-5024 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tess Cruz 1992-02-11 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5024 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses demersal; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19 Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)