FB-5147 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5147 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Anabantiformes Channidae Channa Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793) Gorissa ثُعبانيّ الرأس المُبقَّع Gorissa Goroi Lata Lati Taki Nga yan-panaw Nga-thilon Nga-yan-lon Plettet slangehovedfisk Punktierter Schlangenkopf Spotted snakehead Pilkkukäärmeenpää Tête de serpent tachetée Girai Murral Saap Phool-dhok फुल धोक Belikorava Korava Kuchi Soal Khathlei Araccan Kayichal Kayichil കായിചില്  പുള്ളി വരാല് Maral Bhote Garai Helae Змееголов пятнистый Prickig Ormhuvudfisk Korava Koravai Para koravai கொரவ  கொரவை பர கொரவை பாரைக் கொரவை Burada matta Kurra meenu Matta gudisa Mitta Muttah మిట్ట  Cabeza de serpiente moteada Daula Dulloonga Duloora Korang Mada kanaya Ngamu-bogra ਦੁਲੌੰਗਾ ਸੋਲ 翠鱧 翠鳢 Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793) Channa sp. Not applicable Ophicephalus indicus McClelland, 1842 Ophicephalus karruwey Lacepède, 1801 Ophicephalus punctatus Bloch, 1793 Ophiocephalus affinis Günther, 1861 Ophiocephalus indicus McClelland, 1842 Ophiocephalus karrouveri Lacepède, 1801 Ophiocephalus lata Hamilton, 1822 Ophiocephalus punctatus Bloch, 1793 1992-03-02 2014-02-27 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Rahman, A.K.A.0 Freshwater fishes of Bangladesh. Zoological Society of Bangladesh. Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka. 364 p. (Ref. 1479) Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 1104 p. (Ref. 2059) Thurston, R.V. and P.C. Gehrke0 Respiratory oxygen requirements of fishes: description of OXYREF, a data file based on test results reported in the published literature. p. 95-108. In R.C. Russo & R.V. Thurston (eds.) Fish Physiology, Toxicology, and Water Quality Management. Proceedings of an International Symposium, Sacramento, California, USA, September 18-19, 1990. US Environmental Protection Agency EPA/600/R-93/157. (Ref. 2120) Gopal, K., M. Anand, S. Mehrotra and P.K. Ray0 Neurobehavioural changes in freshwater fish <i>Channa punctatus</i> exposed to endosulfan. J. Adv. Zool. 6:74-80. (Ref. 2431) Hakim, A., J.S.D. Munshi and G.M. Hughes0 Oxygen-uptake from water through the respiratory organs in <i>Channa punctata</i> (Bloch) in relation to body weight. Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad. B49:73-85. (Ref. 2435) Munshi, J.S.D., A.K. Patra, N. Biswas and J. Ojha0 Interspecific variations in the circadian rhythm of bimodal oxygen uptake in four species of murrels. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 26(1):69-74. (Ref. 2541) Singh, R.P., M.S. Prasad, A.P. Mishra and B.R. Singh0 Oxygen uptake through water during early life in <i>Channa punctatus</i> (Bloch) (Pisces; Ophicephaliformes). Hydrobiologia 87:211-215. (Ref. 2607) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran0 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833) Banerjee, S.K., K.K. Misra, S. Banerjee and S.P. Ray-Chaudhuri0 Chromosome numbers, genome sizes, cell volumes and evolution of snake-head fish (family Channidae). J. Fish Biol. 33(5):781-789. (Ref. 4854) Hla Win, U.0 Checklist of fishes of Burma. Ministry of Livestock Breeding and Fisheries, Department of Fisheries, Burma. (Ref. 5736) Pethiyagoda, R.0 Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo. 362 p. (Ref. 6028) Shrestha, T.K.0 Resource ecology of the Himalayan waters. Curriculum Development Centre, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. 645 p. (Ref. 6351) Khin, U.0 Fisheries in Burma. Gov't. Printing, Rangoon. 180 p. (Ref. 7100) Khuda-Bukhsh, A.R. and S. Tiwary0 Localization of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in the metaphase chromosomes of 9 species of teleosts (Pisces) from India. p. 27-39. In Systematics and Evolution of Indo-Pacific Fishes. Proceedings of the Fourth Indo-Pacific Fish Conference. 502 p. Bangkok, Thailand. 28 November-4 December. (Ref. 8941) Manna, G.K. and R. Prasad0 Chromosomes in three species of fish (<i>Channa</i>). Nucleus. 16:150-157. (Ref. 8945) Rishi, K.K.0 A preliminary report on the karyotypes of eighteen marine fishes. Res. Bull. Punjab Univ. 24:161-162. (Ref. 8970) Vasil'ev, V.P.0 Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38. (Ref. 8973) Chatterjee, K.0 Cytotaxonomic and electrophoretic investigations on Indian air-breathing fishes. p. 83-99. In P. Das and A.G. Jhingran (eds.) Fish genetics in India. Today and Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, New Delhi. (Ref. 8982) FAO-FIDI0 International Standard Statistical Classification of Aquatic Animals and Plants (ISSCAAP). Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Service, Fisheries Department, FAO, Rome, Italy. (Ref. 9156) Shrestha, J.0 Fishes, fishing implements and methods of Nepal. Smt. M.D. Gupta, Lalitpur Colony, Lashkar (Gwalior), India. 150 p. (Ref. 9496) Lindsey, C.C.0 Form, function and locomotory habits in fish. p. 1-100. In W. S. Hoar and D. J. Randall (eds.) Fish Physiology VII. Academic Press, New York. (Ref. 9574) De, S.0 The undulatory movements of fishes. Sci. & Cult. 51:344-346. (Ref. 9969) Narayanan, K. and A.A. Khan0 Electron microscopic studies on the retinal photoreceptors of the spotted snakedhead, <i>Channa punctatus</i>. J. Fish Biol. 46(3):541-544. (Ref. 10407) Anctil, M. and M.A. Ali0 Cone droplets of mitochondrial origin in the retina of <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i> (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae). Zoomorphology 84:103-111. (Ref. 10557) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937) Garibaldi, L.0 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108) FAO0 Aquaculture production statistics 1985-1994. FAO Fish. Circ. 815. 189 p. (Ref. 12228) Gopakumar, K. (ed.)0 Biochemical composition of Indian food fish. Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, India. 44 p. (Ref. 27117) Narcisco Fernandes, M.0 Morpho-functional adaptations of gills in tropical fish. p. 181-190. In A.L. Val, V.M.F. Almeida-Val and D.J. Randall (eds.) Physiology and biochemistry of the fishes of the Amazon. INPA, Manaus, Brazil. 402 p. (Ref. 27796) NBFGR0 Fish chromosome atlas. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Special Publication, No. 1. Lucknow, India, 332 p. (Ref. 28174) Rishi, K.K. and S. Rishi0 Giemsa banding in fish chromosome. Proc. 3rd All Indian Congress of Cytology and Genetics. In G.K. Manna and U. Sinha (Eds.). Perspective in Cytology and Genetics. Hindasia Publishers, Delhi 3:103-106. (Ref. 28208) Rao, K.V.R.0 Pisces. p. 483-506. In Fauna of Chilka Lake. Wetland Ecosystem Series 1. Zool. Surv. India. 673 p. (Ref. 29108) Nayyar, R.P.0 Karyotype studies in thirteen species of fishes. Genetica. 37(1):78-92. (Ref. 29199) Dhar, N.J. and K. Chatterjee0 Chromosomal evolution in Indian murrels (Channiformes: Channidae). Caryologia. 37(4):359-371. (Ref. 29493) Arkhipchuk, V.V.0 Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk. (Ref. 30184) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) De Silva, K.H.G.M.0 Population ecology of the paddy field-dwelling fish <i>Channa gachua</i> (Günther) (Perciformes, Channidae) in Sri Lanka. J. Fish Biol. 38(4):497-508. (Ref. 32692) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of November 1999. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in November 1999. (Ref. 33021) Sharma, O.P. and A. Agarwal0 Cytogenetic studies on two species of genus <i>Channa</i>. Persp. Cyt. & Genet. 3:57-61. (Ref. 34349) Dhar, N.J. and K. Chatterjee0 A distinctive chromosomal race of channid fish, <i>Channa punctata</i>. Microbios Letters 33:15-18. (Ref. 34353) Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche and H. Greven0 Database of fish chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften. (Ref. 34370) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Nichols, J.T.0 The freshwater fishes of China. Natural history of Central Asia: Volume IX. The American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA, 322 p. (Ref. 35840) Reddy, P.B.0 Food and feeding habits of <i>Channa punctata</i> (Bloch) from Guntur. Indian J. Fish. 27(5):123-129. (Ref. 37089) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Qasim, S.Z. and V.S. Bhatt0 The growth of the freshwater murrel, <i>Ophicephalus punctatus</i> Bloch. Hydrobiologia 36:165-177. (Ref. 39627) Parameswaran, S. and V.K. Murugesan0 Breeding season and seed sources of murrels in swamps of Karnataka State. J. Inland Fish. Soc. India 8:60-67. (Ref. 39630) Coad, B.W.0 Fishes of Afghanistan, an annotated check-list. Publ. Zool. Natl. Mus. Can. 14:23p. (Ref. 39701) Ahmed, M.0 A model to determine benefits obtainable from the management of riverine fisheries of Bangladesh. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 28, 133 p. (Ref. 39989) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Akhtar, N.0 Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Cold water fisheries development interim report. Report for Project PAK/88/048. FAO, Rome. 25 p. (Ref. 40982) Ali, S.R., M. Ahmad, M.A.S. Ansari and M.R. Mirza0 Hydrobiological studies of the Indus river and its tributaries above and below Tarbela dam. Pakistan J. Sci. Studies 2(1+2):15-30. (Ref. 41033) Menon, A.G.K.0 Check list - fresh water fishes of India. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Misc. Publ., Occas. Pap. No. 175, 366 p. (Ref. 41236) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed0 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) Archarya, P. and M.B. Iftekhar0 Freshwater ichthyofauna of Maharashtra State. p.136-144. In Ponniah, A.G. and A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1, 347 p. (Ref. 43634) Chandrashekhariah, H.N., M.F. Rahman and S. Lakshmi Raghavan0 Status of fish fauna in Karnataka. p. 98-135. In Ponniah, A.G. and A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1, 347 p. (Ref. 43636) Rema Devi, K. and T.J. Indra0 Freshwater ichthyofaunal resources of Tamil Nadu. p. 77-97. In Ponniah, A.G. and A. Gopalakrishnan . Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1, 347 p. (Ref. 43637) Shaji, C.P., P.S. Easa and A. Gopalakrishnan0 Freshwater fish diversity of Western Ghats. p. 33-35. In Ponniah, A.G. and A. Gopalakrishnan. (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1, 347 p. (Ref. 43640) Arunachalam, M. and A. Manimekalan0 Economically important and cultivable fishes of the Nilgiri biosphere reserve. p. 237-239. In A.G. Ponniah and A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.) Endemic fish diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1,347 p. (Ref. 44148) Arunachalam, M., J.A. Johnson, A. Sankaranarayanan, R. Soranam, A. Manimekalan and P.N. Shanthi0 Cultivable and ornamental fishes of Manimuthar river, Tamil Nadu. p. 247-253. In A.G. Ponniah and A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.) Endemic fish diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1,347 p. (Ref. 44151) Haniffa, M.A.0 Induced breeding of tropical air breathing fishes with natural and synthetic hormones. p. 295-298. In A.G. Ponniah and A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic fish diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1,347 p. (Ref. 45162) Kapoor, D., R. Dayal and A.G. Ponniah0 Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, India.775 p. (Ref. 45255) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service0 Injurious wildlife species: snakeheads (family Channidae). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Register Environmental Documents 67(193). (Ref. 45309) Chandy, M.0 Fishes. New Delhi, National Book Trust India. (Ref. 47569) Nath, P. and S.C. Dey0 Fish and fisheries of North East India. Arunachal Pradesh Vol. 1, 1-143p. (Ref. 47932) de Graaf, G.0 The flood pulse and growth of floodplain fish in Bangladesh. Fish. Manage. Ecol. 10:241-247. (Ref. 50795) Anonymous0 Assessment of mangrove degradation and resilience in the Indian subcontinent: the cases of Godavari estuary and south-west Sri Lanka. Final Report ICO-DC: IC18-CT98-0295. (Ref. 51036) Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086) Mirza, M.R.0 Checklist of freshwater fishes of Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. (3):1-30. (Ref. 51161) Riede, K.0 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Mirza, M.R.0 Checklist of freshwater fishes of Pakistan. Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan. (Ref. 52665) Daniels, R.J.R.0 Freshwater fishes of Peninsular India. Madhav Gadgil (ed) India-A lifescape 2. Universities Press, Hyderabad. (Ref. 54602) Oo, W.0 Inland fisheries of the Union of Myanmar. In T. Petr and D.B. Swar (eds.) Cold Water Fisheries in the Trans-Himalayan Countries. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 431. (Ref. 57739) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Haniffa, M.A., M. Nagarajan and A. Gopalakrishnan0 Length-weight relationships of <i>Channa punctata</i> 9Bloch, 1793) from Western Ghats rivers of Tamil Nadu. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 22:308-309. (Ref. 59093) Hossain, M.Y., Z.F. Ahmed, P.M. Leunda, A.K.M. Roksanul Islam, S. Jasmine, J. Oscoz, R. Miranda and J. Ohtomi0 Length-weight and length-length relationships of some small indigenous fish species from the Mathabhanga River, soutwestern Bangladesh. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 22:301-303. (Ref. 59095) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Mustafa, M.G. and G. de Graaf0 Population parameters of important species in inland fisheries of Bangladesh. Asian Fish. Sci. 21:147-158. (Ref. 76867) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Shrestha, T.K.0 Ichthyology of Nepal: a study of fishes of the Himalayan waters. Kathmandu : Himalayan Ecosphere, 388 p., [104] p. of plates : col. ill., col. maps ; 23 cm. (Ref. 85009) Qasim, S.Z. and A. Qayyum0 Fecundities of some freshwater fishes. Proc. natn. Inst. Sci. India, 29(4):373-382. (Ref. 86694) Rajan, P.T., C.R. Sreeraj and T. Immanuel0 Fish fauna of coral reef, mangrove, freshwater, offshore and seagrass beds of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Haddo, Port Blair. (Ref. 87596) Pal, M. and N. Kundu0 Freshwater ecosystem services and biodiversity values at Nainital, Uttrakhand. p. 191-250. In Report on highland aquatic ecosystem services and biodiversity values, including livelihoods, trade, policy and conservation oriented inputs to two global online databases. Highland Aquatic Resources Conservation and Sustainable Development (HighARCS) Project. Deliverable 3.1, Project No. 213015 of the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme. 363 p. Work Package 3 Report. Centre For Environmental Management And Participatory Development, and Institute Of Environmental Studies And Wetland Management, Kolkata, India. (Ref. 89721) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Radhakrishnan, K.V., B.M. Kurup, B.R. Murphy and S.-G. Xie0 Status of alien fish species in the Western Ghats (India) as revealed from 2000-2004 surveys and literature analyses. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 28:778-784. (Ref. 92228) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Lipton, A.P.0 Fish fauna of Tripura. Matsya 9-10: 110-118. (Ref. 97593) Galib, S.M., S.M. Abu Naser, A.B.M. Mohsin, N. Chaki and F.H. Fahad0 Fish diversity of the River Choto Jamuna, Bangladesh: present status and conservation needs. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 5(6):389-395. (Ref. 100698) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Karna, S.K., G.N. Katselis and L.A. Jawad0 Length-weight relations of 24 fish species (Actinopterygii) from Hirakud reservoir, Odisha state of India. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 48(1):83-86. (Ref. 118195) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Halwart, M. and M.V. Gupta0 Culture of fish in rice fields. FAO and The WorldFish Center, 83 p. (Ref. 119549) Sandhya, K.M., G. Karnatak, Lianthuamluaia, U.K. Sarkar, S. Kumari, P. Mishal, V. Kumar, D. Panda, Y. Ali and B. Naskar0 Length-weight relationships of eighteen species of freshwater fishes from Panchet Reservoir in Ganges basin, Jharkland, India. Indian J. Fish. 67(1):47-55. (Ref. 125929) Mian, S., Md.A. Hossain and A.W. Shah0 Sex ratio, fecundity and gonado somatic index of spotted snakehead, <i>Channa punctatus</i> (Channidae) from a lentic ecosystem. Int. J. Fish. Aquat. 5(1):360-363. (Ref. 126914) Ramani Shirantha, R R.A.0 A field guide to the fishes in freshwaters in Sri Lanka. Department of Wildlife Conservation, Colombo. XV + 502 pp. (Ref. 127520) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-5147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-03-02 00:00:00 2014-02-27 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5147 Found in ponds, swamps, brackish water (Ref. 6028), ditches and beels (Ref. 1479). Adults prefer stagnant waters in muddy streams (Ref. 4833). Feed on worms, insects and small fish (Ref. 6028). Accept chopped fish and shrimp in the aquarium. Breed throughout the year. Mitochondrial hypertrophy, noted in the double cone of the retina of this species, is considered a basic process in oil droplet formation (Ref. 10557) believed to be an adaptation for enhanced visual contrast detection in turbid waters (Ref. 10407). Used as live bait for angling larger snakeheads. Pethiyagoda, R. 1991 Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo. 362 p. (Ref. 6028) FB-Distribution-5147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-03-02 00:00:00 2019-07-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5147 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Asia: Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Yunnan in China. Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran 1991 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833) FB-Uses-5147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-03-02 00:00:00 2014-02-27 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5147 fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: commercial; bait: occasionally Pethiyagoda, R. 1991 Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo. 362 p. (Ref. 6028) Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108) Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl 1991 Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 1104 p. (Ref. 2059) Pethiyagoda, R. 1991 Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo. 362 p. (Ref. 6028) FB-Migration-5147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-03-02 00:00:00 2014-02-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5147 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-5147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-03-02 00:00:00 2014-02-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Spawning usually takes place at night in shallow water with a silty substrate. Eggs are laid in nests through elaborate tunnels in vegetated areas which look like vertical columns of water with the eggs floating in the center (Ref. 205). The male and female move towards the center of the nest during spawning where the male entwines his body to the female moving upward while releasing the eggs to be fertilised (Ref. 45309). Eggs are guarded by one or both parents. Hatching takes place in a day (Ref. 6028). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-5147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 2000-05-25 00:00:00 2019-07-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public punctata http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Recorded as having been or being farmed in rice fields (Ref. 119549). Pethiyagoda, R. 1991 Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo. 362 p. (Ref. 6028) FB-Size-5147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-03-02 00:00:00 2014-02-27 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5147 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 31.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4833)) Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran 1991 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-5147-678 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-20 00:00:00 2003-03-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 Allocreadium Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-20 00:00:00 2003-07-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Anchistrocephalus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-14 00:00:00 2003-03-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 Anchor worm Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-720 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-14 00:00:00 2003-03-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Ascaridia Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-14 00:00:00 2003-03-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Ascaris Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-823 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-14 00:00:00 2003-03-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Robbie N. Cada General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 Camallanus Infection 11. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-206 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-14 00:00:00 2003-07-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 Contracaecum Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-747 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-20 00:00:00 2003-03-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 Euclinostomum Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-20 00:00:00 2003-03-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 Euclinostomum Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-824 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-20 00:00:00 2003-03-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Eucreadium Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-636 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-20 00:00:00 2003-03-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Genarchopsis Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-638 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-20 00:00:00 2003-03-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Genarchopsis Infestation 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-640 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-20 00:00:00 2003-03-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Genarchopsis Infestation 5. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-641 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-20 00:00:00 2003-03-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration Genarchopsis Infestation 6. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-632 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-20 00:00:00 2003-07-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Isoparorchis Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-821 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-14 00:00:00 2003-07-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Neocamallanus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-445 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-14 00:00:00 2003-07-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Neocamallanus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-752 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-20 00:00:00 2003-03-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Neopecoelina Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-751 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-20 00:00:00 2003-03-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Neopecoelina Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-666 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-20 00:00:00 2003-03-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Palaeorchis Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-656 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-14 00:00:00 2003-03-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Pallisentis Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-722 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-14 00:00:00 2003-03-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Pallisentis Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-790 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-14 00:00:00 2003-07-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Pallisentis Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-822 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-14 00:00:00 2003-03-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Pallisentis Infestation 5. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-754 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-20 00:00:00 2003-03-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 Philopinna Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-702 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-20 00:00:00 2003-03-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 Phyllodistomum Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-14 00:00:00 2003-03-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 Procamallanus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-5147-58 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-03-20 00:00:00 2003-03-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5147&StockCode=5385 Trichodinosis. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Habitat-5147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-03-02 00:00:00 2014-02-27 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5147 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription benthopelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)