FB-5348 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5348 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Epinephelus Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775) Temekai Granik obrzezek Cherne Garoupa amarela Garoupa bandeireira Garoupa castanha Garoupa Garoupa-amarela Garoupa-badejo Garoupa-castanha Mero Mero amarelo Mero-amarelo Nero-amarelo Rooibalk-klipkabeljou Kern i arte Kerni i artë Abadèche Badécha Badèche Bayajo Daghma Hamour Hamoor Kushar Lokkos sakhri Mennani Wakar لُؤز أسود الرَّأس Baraka Inid Kigting Kugtung Rana Taga-rinas na baraka' Lapu-lapu Pugapo Gylden havaborre Baskenmutzenbarsch Baskenmützen-Zackenbarsch Banded reef cod Banded rock cod Black tipped cod Blacktip grouper Blacktip rockcod Blacktipped cod Black-tipped cod Black-tipped grouper Black-tipped rockcod Black-tipped rock-cod Footballer cod Golden grouper Grouper Red banded grouper Red banned grouper Redbanded grouper Red-banded grouper Red-barred cod Redbarred rockcod Red-barred rockcod Reef cod Rock cod Rockcod Scarlet rock-cod Sea bass Seabass Stone bass Striped grouper Weathered rock-cod Punavööt-kivikoha senicauca ni nubu Badèche Grisette Loche écarlate Loche rouge Mérou à capuchon Mérou badèche Mérou oriflamime Mérou oriflamme Mérou six raies Rouge de côte Rougette Sorte de loche Vieille rouge Lokos דקר החישוקים Cernia dorata Jatta Lupessa 'e funnali Precchia di mari 'mperiali Smirdo Tenca Akahata 홍바리 Sag-mutsut Sagsag Chammam ചമ്മം ചാമ്മാം Teda तेदा Kerapu Kerapu bara Kerapu karang Kerapu merah Kerapu sirip hitam Lu gu hou Senderong Alovo Tarataka Dott Talaao Kirnja ligaca Fausi Wayeer Rékott Guldgrouper Mata pu'u Tarao matapuu Alatan Kaltang Kulapo Lapu lapu Lapu-lapu Lapu-lapung lupot Lubo Sigapo Uwak-uwak Orfoz balığı Taşhanisi Taşhanisi balığı Cá Song sọc đen Cá Song sọc ngang đen Doy Doï Ndoy Falso abadejo Jabali Mero banderilla Abo-abo Ako mea Bantol Barangbang Bato-bato Batol Buklak Bulang Bwaloi Garopa kinu aka makerek Gerape sendok Geurape bungong kala Goujon Iner Jahong Jin ce-gen Jin-yaak Kakab Kau kolikoli Kerapu bara Kerapu sendok Kiapu matekuli Kué Kuëë bwii Kugtong Kulapo Kurapo Kurapu La kerekere Labungan Lapulapu Lilug Madanm dilo Mahang Mamonbong Mantis Maskad Matait Matkad Mbwe Mero ratllat Metail Metáyin Metel Mvoue Ogaw Okke Pugayo Pwaatraa Raiy galhi faana Rari Ryfana Salingukod Sibog Sono Stira Subla Tabadlo Tabuldlo Tamudlo Tangkaan Tangk-an Te ngatala Te nimako Ting-ad Tingag Vieille rouge Vye rouz Yawanap Στήρα Σφυρίδα Σφυριδίτσα Σφυριδοπούλα 橫帶石斑魚 橫條石斑魚 石斑 紅汀 紅石汀 紅釘 縱紋石斑魚 纵纹石斑鱼 赤石斑魚 赤石斑鱼 过鱼 鲙 黑边石斑鱼 黑邊石斑魚 Cerna alexandrina (Valenciennes, 1828) Cerna chrysotaenia (non Döderlein, 1882) Epinephalus alexandrinus (Valenciennes, 1828) Epinephalus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775) Epinephelus alexandrinus (Valenciennes, 1828) Epinephelus emoryi Schultz, 1953 Epinephelus goreensis (non Valenciennes, 1830) Epinephelus marginalis Bloch, 1793 Epinephelus spiramen (non Whitley, 1945) Epinephelus tsirimenara (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) Epinephelus variolosus (Valenciennes, 1828) Epinephelus zapyrus Seale, 1906 Epinephelus zaslavskii (non Poll, 1949) Epinephilus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775) Holocentrus erythraeus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Holocentrus forskael Lacepède, 1802 Holocentrus marginatus Lacepède, 1802 Holocentrus oceanicus Lacepède, 1802 Holocentrus rosmarus Lacepède, 1802 Perca fasciata Forsskål, 1775 Perca maculata Forster, 1844 Plectropoma fasciata (Forsskål, 1775) Serranus alexandrinus Valenciennes, 1828 Serranus cruentus De Vis, 1884 Serranus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775) Serranus geometricus De Vis, 1884 Serranus marginalis (Bloch, 1793) Serranus oceanicus (Lacepède, 1802) Serranus subfasciatus De Vis, 1884 Serranus tsirimenara Temminck & Schlegel, 1842 Serranus variolosus Valenciennes, 1828 1992-03-28 2023-03-30 Coppola, S.R., W. 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(Ref. 107958) Misselis, C.0 La biodiversité du pélagos et du benthos profond dans l'archipel des Australes. p. 69-79 Salvat, B.; Bambridge, T.; Tanret, D.; Petit, J. 2015 Environnement marin des îles Australes, Polynésie française. Institut Récifs Coralliens Pacifique, CRIOBE et The Pew Charitable Trusts Polynésie française. Polynésie française, Tahiti, p. 342. (Ref. 108053) Stein, A.0 La pêche côtière aux Australes. p. 215-225 Salvat, B.; Bambridge, T.; Tanret, D.; Petit, J. 2015 Environnement marin des îles Australes, Polynésie française. Institut Récifs Coralliens Pacifique, CRIOBE et The Pew Charitable Trusts Polynésie française. Polynésie française, Tahiti, p. 342. (Ref. 108064) Torres, F. Jr.0 Species list for the five municipalities in Southern Palawan. Personal Communication [31/03/17]. (Ref. 114805) Anderson, E.S.0 The response of a predatory fish, <i>Ophiodon elongatus</i>, to a marine protected area: variation in diet, catch rates, and size composition. California Polytechnic State University. (Ref. 115074) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Clough, J.M.0 Demersal fish assemblages of South Passage and Blind Strait, Western Australia: a unique subtropical embayment in a World Heritage Property - RAW DATA in excel file.. University of Western Australia, 6 worksheets (Ref. 115274) Nacorda, H.M.E., R.M. Dizon, L.A.B. Meñez, C.L. Nañola Jr., P.B.L. Roa-Chio, D.O. De Jesus, H.B. Hernandez, F.T.R. Quimpo, W.R.Y. Licuanan, P.M. Aliño and C.L. Villanoy0 Beneath 50 m of NW Pacific water: coral reefs on the Benham Bank Seamount off the Philippine Sea. J. Environ. Sci. Mgmt. 20(2):110-121. (Ref. 116796) Currey, L.M., C. Simpfendorfer and A.J. Williams0 Resilience of reef fish species on the Great Barrier Reef and in Torres Strait. Project Milestone Report to the Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility. Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited, Cairns. 32 p. (Ref. 116899) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82. In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds). A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793) Palla, H.P., H.B. Pagliawan, E.F. Rodriguez, B.S.M.G.T. Cacho, B.J. Gonzales, C. Bonnell and T. Fowler0 Length-weight relationship of marine fishes from Palawan, Philippines. The Palawan Scientist 10:17-28. (Ref. 118794) Friedlander, A.M., J.E. Caselle, E. Ballesteros, E.K. Brown, A. Turchik and E. Sala0 The real bounty: marine biodiversity in the Pitcairn Islands. PLoS ONE 9(6):e100142. (Ref. 121505) Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) Situ, Y.Y. and Y.J. Sadovy0 A preliminary study on local species diversity and seasonal composition in a Hong Kong wet market. Asian Fish. Sci. 17:235-248. (Ref. 125552) Tilley, A.0 Timor-Leste common names. Personal communication [accessed 15/08/2022]. (Ref. 127010) Hazes, B.0 Hazes' underwater photos. Collection of Philippine underwater photos. Unpublished. (Ref. 127519) To, A.W.L., K.S.H. Ching and S.K.H. Shea0 Hong Kong reef fish photo guide. Eco-Education and Resources Centre (Ref. 128523) Lai, N.-W.0 Hong Kong market marine fish. Original title: 香港街市海魚圖鑑. Hua Qianshu Publishing Co., Ltd., p. 440. (Ref. 129440) Rongo, T. and R. van Woesik0 Ciguatera poisoning in Rarotonga, southern Cook Islands. Harmful Algae 10(2011):348-355. (Ref. 130160) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) Fadli, N., A. Damora, Z.A. Muchlisin, I. Dewiyanti, M. Ramadhaniaty, N.M. Razi, J.A.F. Jamaluddin, E.D. Macusi and M.N. Siti-Azizah0 Phylogeographic insights of five co-habiting grouper species in the Indo-Malaya archipelago. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 30(4):743-756. (Ref. 130855) Delrieu-Trottin, E., S. Mona, J. Maynard, V. Neglia, M. Veuille and S. Planes0 Population expansions dominate demographic histories of endemic and widespread Pacific reef fishes. Sci. Rep. 7(40519):1-13. (Ref. 130991) Muallil, R.N., A.M. Tambihasan, M.J. Enojario, R.T. Tarabasa, A.A. Habibuddin, A.S. Injani, M.A.T. Ammang, A.S. Aksa and C.L. Nañola Jr.0 Data on the length-weight relationship of 161 species of commercially important coral reef fishes in Tawi-Tawi islands, Southern Philippines. Data in Brief 50. (Ref. 132177) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Petit-Marty, N., M. Vázquez-Luis and I.E. Hendriks0 Use of the nucleotide diversity in COI mitochondrial gene as an early diagnostic of conservation status of animal species. Conserv. Lett. 14(1):1-7. (Ref. 138103) FB-pic-5348-2257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-06 2010-07-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epfas_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epfas_u1.jpg FB-pic-5348-4775 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-06-28 2017-09-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. 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Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epfas_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Epfas_u1.gif FB-pic-5348-9533 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 2000-11-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epfas_u6.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epfas_u6.jpg FB-pic-5348-9534 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 2000-11-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epfas_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epfas_u3.jpg FB-pic-5348-9535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 1999-07-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epfas_u7.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epfas_u7.jpg FB-pic-5348-9536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 1999-06-23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epfas_u8.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epfas_u8.jpg FB-pic-5348-44317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Information Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2006-04-07 2006-04-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epfas_uj.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epfas_uj.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-5348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-03-28 00:00:00 2023-03-30 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Common in outer reef slopes at depths below 15 m, also occurs in protected bays and lagoons as shallow as 4 m. May also be found down to a depth of 160 m. At Madagascar it feeds night and day on brachyuran crabs, fishes, shrimps, and galatheid crabs (Ref. 6774). In Kenyan waters it feeds on crabs, stomatopods, fishes, ophiuroids, and octopus (Ref. 6448). In the Red Sea, mostly fishes and some crustaceans (mainly crabs) are consumed (Ref. 6699). Readily caught with hook-and-line, spear, traps, and gill nets (Ref. 39231).. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-10 00:00:00 2019-02-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat This species is distinguished by the following characters: body depth 2.8-3.3 in SL (for specimens 10-26 cm SL); head length 2.3-2.6 in SL; flat interorbital area, convex dorsal head profile; snout length 4.3-5.1 in HL; preopercle rounded, rear edge serrate, with lower most serrae slightly enlarged; upper edge of operculum straight; midlateral part of lower jaw with 2-4 rows of teeth; gill rakers of first gill arch 6-8 + 15-17; pyloric caeca 10-16; caudal fin slightly to moderately rounded (Central-Pacific often with truncate caudal fins); ctenoid scales on body except cycloid anterodorsally above lateral line and on thorax and ventrally on abdomen, with numerous auxiliary scales; nape and dorsoposterior part of head densely covered with minute auxiliary scales; lateral-line scales 49-75. Colour variable, ranging from pale greenish grey to pale reddish yellow to scarlet; body often with 5 or 6 faint dark bars, the last on peduncle; body scales (except ventrally) with pale centre and dark rear margin, producing a faint checked pattern; the outer triangular part of interspinous membranes of dorsal fin black (dark red in fish from Western Australia and in some specimens from deep water), with pale yellow or white spot behind tip of each spine (Ref. 39231, 89707, 90102). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Morphology-5348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-10 00:00:00 2019-02-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 17; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Distribution-5348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-03-28 00:00:00 2021-11-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to South Africa and eastward to the Pitcairn Group, north to Japan and Korea, south to the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819), southern Queensland (Australia) and Lord Howe Island. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-5348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-03-28 00:00:00 2023-03-30 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene 1988 Fishes of Christmas Island Indian Ocean. Christmas Island Natural History Association, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, 6798, Australia. 197 p. (Ref. 30874) FB-LifeCycle-5348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Daniel Pauly 1992-03-28 00:00:00 2023-03-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=5348&StockCode=5587 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size This species exhibits a combination of simultaneous and sequential hermaphroditism. Smaller individuals within a social group are simultaneous hermaphrodites, while the largest often lose female function and reproduce exclusively as a male (Ref. 103751). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-TrophicStrategy-5348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-11-14 00:00:00 2008-11-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public fasciatus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Common in outer reef slopes at depths below 15 m, also occurs in protected bays and lagoons as shallow as 4 m. May also be found down to a depth of 160 m. At Madagascar it feeds night and day on brachyuran crabs, fishes, shrimps, and galatheid crabs. In Kenyan waters it feeds on crabs, stomatopods, fishes, ophiuroids, and octopus. In the Red Sea, mostly fishes and some crustaceans (mainly crabs) are consumed (Ref. 5222). In rocky and coral reefs of the Indo-Pacific Region (Ref. 9137). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Size-5348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-03-28 00:00:00 2023-03-30 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 52.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 1238)); max. published weight: 2,000 g (Ref. 30874) Rafail, S.Z. 1972 A statistical study of length-weight relationship of eight Egyptian fishes. Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. Fish. (Cairo) 2:136-156. (Ref. 1238) Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene 1988 Fishes of Christmas Island Indian Ocean. Christmas Island Natural History Association, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, 6798, Australia. 197 p. (Ref. 30874) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-03-28 00:00:00 2023-03-30 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses reef-associated; brackish; marine; depth range 4 - 160 m (Ref. 5222), usually 20 - 45 m (Ref. 5222) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)