FB-5355 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5355 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Clupeiformes Alosidae Alosa Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) Stamsild Aloza finta Aloza parposz Parposz Saboga Sável Saveleta Savelha Kubla Sardine Kecher Finta Placka finta Placka malá Placka skvrnitá Gwangen Stamsild Stavsild Abzeln Bajeckens Boje Elben Elf Elft Finke Finte Goldfisch Gurre Mutterhering Parpel Perpel Staffhering Tabarre Killarney shad Shad Twait shad Twaite Twaite shad Vintaloosa vinträim Stavsild Täpläsilli Alauze Alose feinte Astouna Caluyau Couvreux Feinte Finte Gatte Lacia Loza Pucelle Vérot Ćepa Lojka Augnasíld Cheppia palede perpelė Alosa Lacci Lacci tat-tbajja Finta Сельдь-финта финта Cepa Lojka Staksill Tirsi Tirsi balığı Alosa Saboga An tsead fhallasach Čepa Èepa Fint Fríssa Meivis Saboga vera Sardelomana Scrumbie Κέππα Σαρδελομάνα Φρίσσα 芬塔西鯡 芬塔西鲱 葡萄牙鯡 葡萄牙鲱 Alosa fallax balticus Kukuev & Orlov, 2018 Alosa fallax fallax (Lacepède, 1803) Alosa fallax nilotica (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809) Alosa fallax rhodanensis Roule, 1924 Alosa ficta Duhamel du Monceau, 1772 Alosa finta (Cuvier, 1829) Alosa finta algeriensis (non Regan, 1916) Alosa finta nilotica (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809) Alosa finta rhodanensis Roule, 1924 Alosa minor Bonaparte, 1846 Alosa squamopinnata Couch, 1865 Clupea alosa elongata De la Pylaie, 1835 Clupea fallax Lacepède, 1803 Clupea finta Cuvier, 1829 Clupea nilotica Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809 Clupea rufa Lacepède, 1803 Clupea sardinella Vallot, 1837 1990-10-17 2024-01-25 Coppola, S.R., W. 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García-González and R. Cabrera-Castro0 Every fish counts: Challenging length-weight relationship bias in discards. Fishes 8(222)1-18. (Ref. 128593) Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación0 III. Otras disposiciones: 9026 - Resolución de 24 de mayo de 2019, de la Secretaría General de Pesca por la que se publica el listado de denominaciones comerciales de especies pesqueras y de acuicultura admitidas en España. [Resolution of May 24, 2019, of the General Secretariat for Fisheries, which publishes the list of commercial denominations of fishing and aquaculture species admitted in Spain]. Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE):(143):82 pp. (Ref. 128983) Davies, P., J. Britton, D. Andreou, A.D. Nunn, J. Dodd, C. Crundwell, R. Velterop and J.D. Bolland0 Movement, space use and spatial fidelity of threatened anadromous twaite shad Alosa fallax during their spawning migrations. not available. (Ref. 130085) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Lassalle, G., M. Béguer, L. Baulaton and E. Rochard0 Learning from the past to predict the future: Responses of European diadromous fish to climate change. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:175-193. (Ref. 138126) FB-pic-5355-11409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-06-29 1996-06-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5355 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Alfal_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Alfal_u1.gif FB-pic-5355-11410 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-06-29 1996-06-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5355 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Alfal_u2.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Alfal_u2.gif FB-GeneralDescr-5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5355 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Amphihaline species (Ref. 51442), schooling and strongly migratory, but apparently not penetrating far up rivers (Ref. 188, 6683). Adults are usually found in open waters along the coast (Refs. 59043, 89486); juveniles are usually found along estuaries and near the shore (Ref. 59043), possibly making vertical diurnal movements synchronized with the tides; they remain in estuaries for over one year (Ref. 89630). Several landlocked (lake) non-migratory populations exist (Ref. 10541). Mostly anadromous, entering river mouths in March (Italy) or early June (northenr European rivers) to spawn in or above the tidal reaches; adults probably return to sea not long after spawning (Ref. 188, 6683). Eggs are demersal and widely scattered among sand or gravel on river bed (Ref. 118, 6683). Ichthyophagous, feeds on small fishes and crustaceans, the young taking the fry of herrings, sprats and gobies (Ref. 188, 51442). Females grow faster and are always larger than males of the same age (Ref. 10541). Very locally distributed due to pollution and impoundment of large rivers throughout Europe and most populations declined during the first decade of the 20th century, but seem to have stabilized at a low level since then (Ref. 59043). It has been suggested that members of the genus Alosa are hearing specialists with the American shad (Alosa sapidissima) having been found to detect and respond to sounds up to at least 180 kHz (Ref. 89631). This may aid in predator avoidance (e.g. cetaceans) (Ref. 89632). Hybridization between this species and the allis shad (Alosa alosa) has been reported from the Rhine (Ref. 89633) as well as rivers in France and Algeria (Ref. 10541). There is some evidence that indicates that shad hybrids may reproduce (Ref. 27567). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2020-10-02 21:55:35 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5355 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Diagnosis: Body somewhat compressed, moderately deep with depth at pectoral fin less than head length, scutes apparent along belly (Ref. 188). Upper jaw notched, lower jaw fitting into it; no teeth on palatine and vomer; gillrakers fairly short and stout, total 30 to 80, shorter than gill filaments (Ref. 188, 59043). Usually a series of 4-8 black blotches behind gill opening, but sometimes a single blotch, the others faint or absent (Ref. 188, 40476, 59043). Alosa fallax resembles Alosa alosa, which has more and longer gillrakers and at most only 3 dark spots on flank (Ref. 188).Description: Body fusiform, a little compressed, the head wedge-shaped in cross-section (Ref. 2945). Dorsal profile curved (Ref. 59043). Gill cover with radiating bony striae; gillrakers fairly short and stout, total 30 to 80, as long as or shorter than gill filaments; lower gill rakers 20 to 40 (Ref. 188, 2945, 59043). Upper jaw with a distinct notch to receive tip of lower jaw (Ref. 2945). Dorsal fin origin a little before midpoint of body; anal fin origin well behind dorsal fin base; dorsal fin with 4-6 unbranched and 12-16 branched rays; anal fin with 3-4 unbranched and 16-22 branched rays; pectoral fin with 15-17 rays; pelvic fin with 1 unbranched and 8 branched rays (Ref. 2945, 89637). Large, thin cycloid scales; 54-71 scales on a longitudinal line; 16-20 transverse scales; scales regularly arranged on flank (Ref. 51442, 59043, 89637). Belly with a keel of scutes; 18-23 pre-pelvic scutes and 12-18 post-pelvic scutes, a total of 32-41 scutes (Ref. 2945, 89637).Colouration: Deep blue dorsally, becoming greenish brown or golden on the sides and silvery ventrally; usually a series of 4-8 black blotches behind gill opening, sometimes a single blotch (Ref. 188, 59043, 88187). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Morphology-5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2020-10-02 21:55:35 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5355 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 22; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 19 - 26; Vertebrae: 49 - 59 Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Distribution-5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-11-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5355 Northeast Atlantic: Atlantic coasts from southern and western Iceland to northern Morocco (Ref. 188, 6683), including North Sea (Ref. 6683), Baltic Sea (Ref. 188, 6683); also Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 188, 3397, 6683) and Black Sea (Ref. 188, 3397, 26334). Several subspecies have been recognized based on the number of gill rakers and geographical location (Ref. 10541); some have since been given species-status (Ref. 59043). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Uses-5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5355 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: minor commercial; price category: low; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) FB-Migration-5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5355 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Lassalle, G., M. Béguer, L. Baulaton and E. Rochard 2009 Learning from the past to predict the future: Responses of European diadromous fish to climate change. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:175-193. (Ref. 138126) FB-LifeCycle-5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=5355&StockCode=1772 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Adults in the sea begin to congregate near mouths of estuaries in April. Enter estuaries and ascend rivers in May and June when water temperature is between 10-14 °C (Refs. 188, 51442, 59043, 89636). Males begin such movements at 2-3 years, females at 3-4 years (Ref. 59043). Although movement upstream is usually limited to a few kilometres above the brackish zone (Refs. 59043, 89486), spawning has also been reported in non-tidal freshwater areas up to 400 km upstream (Ref. 89637). Gametogenesis occurs in the estuaries. Early arrivals in the rivers are mostly males, with the sex ratio becoming more equal with the later arrivals (Ref. 42360). Spawning movements occur with spring tides and peak when river discharge levels are high (Refs. 89636, 89638). However, when flows are too high, movements upstream become limited (Refs. 89636, 89639). Spawn when water temperature is anywhere between 12-22 °C (Ref. 10541). Move to riverine spawning grounds at night; spawn in large, very noisy schools near surface and leave these areas before daybreak (Ref. 10541). Spawning sites consist of sand and gravel areas with flowing water (Ref. 10541). Spent adults return to the sea and may spawn for 3-4 seasons throughout their lifetime (Refs. 30578, 51442, 59043). Most individuals will have lost 22 % of their body weight after spawning (Ref. 89640). There is some evidence that most individuals return to their natal rivers to spawn (Refs. 10541, 59043). Eggs either drift with the current or sink to the bottom (Ref. 59043, 89641). Eggs hatch after 2-8 days, depending on water temperature (optimal 15-25 °C) (Refs. 35387, 41851). Larvae and juveniles move towards the estuaries and river mouths during their first summer and to the sea at the end of their second year (Ref. 59043). Males mature mainly between the ages of 2-5 years, females between 3-7 years (Ref. 188, 2163, 10541). Length at maturity is between 30-40 cm total length (Ref. 88187). Allardi, J. and P. Keith 1991 Atlas préliminaire des poissons d'eau douce de France. Coll. Patrimoines Naturels, vol. 4. Secrétariat Faune Flore, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. 234 p. (Ref. 2163) FB-TrophicStrategy-5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2012-03-09 00:40:41 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public fallax http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription In freshwater, juveniles feed on planktonic crustaceans, rotifers and insects (Ref. 35387). In estuaries they consume mysids, isopods, and amphipods (Ref. 42360).In the sea, adults feed mainly on small fishes and on crustaceans, including euphausiids (Refs. 188, 42360). Although feeding generally ceases during spawning migrations (Ref. 59043), some male individuals were found to feed on copepods, isopods, fishes and insects (Ref. 89633). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Size-5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5355 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 60.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 35388)); max. published weight: 1,500 g (Ref. 188); max. reported age: 25 years (Ref. 556) Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström 1968 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5355 pelagic-neritic; anadromous (Ref. 138126); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 10 - 400 m (Ref. 2945) Lassalle, G., M. Béguer, L. Baulaton and E. Rochard 2009 Learning from the past to predict the future: Responses of European diadromous fish to climate change. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:175-193. (Ref. 138126) Whitehead, P.J.P. 1981 Clupeidae. In W. Fischer, G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atlantic; fishing areas 34, 47 (in part). Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada and FAO. Vol. 2. pag. var. (Ref. 2945)