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	<dc:identifier>FB-54621</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=54621</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Tetraodontiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Monacanthidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Paraluteres</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Paraluteres arqat Clark &amp; Gohar, 1953</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Yantai stingray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Yantai astelrai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Yantaipijlstaartrog</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>光魟</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Dasyatis laevigata Chu, 1960</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Dasyatis laevigatus Chu, 1960</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1999-12-08</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>1999-12-08</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=54629'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7445&amp;speccode=54629'>Nishida, K. and K. Nakaya0 Taxonomy of the genus &lt;i&gt;Dasyatis&lt;/i&gt; (Elasmobranchia, Dasyatidae) from the North Pacific. In: Pratt Jr., H. L., S. H. Gruber and T. Taniuchi (eds.): Elasmobranchs as living resources: advances in the biology, ecology, systematics, and the status of the fisheries. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Tech. Rept. NMFS 90:327-346. (Ref. 7445)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=54629'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-8018-6048-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35766&amp;speccode=54629'>Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36648&amp;speccode=54629'>Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43454&amp;speccode=54629'>Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47843&amp;speccode=54629'>Huang, Z.0 Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50449&amp;speccode=54629'>Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=54629'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=54629'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=108874&amp;speccode=54629'>Wang, J.Q., L.M. Huang, J. Li, Y.Z. Zhang, G.P. Zhu and X.J. Chen0 Length-weight relationships of 45 fish species in the Min River Estuary, East China Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 32:131-133. (Ref. 108874)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=114953&amp;speccode=54629'>Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor0 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1999-12-09 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>A demersal species,  inshore on continental shelf over soft bottoms to ca. 60 m.  In the summer, juveniles are found in estuaries and coastal shallows  (Ref. 114953).  Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=114953&amp;speccode=54629'>Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Northwest Pacific:  Taiwan to southern Japan.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=114953&amp;speccode=54629'>Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-LifeCycle-54629</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1999-12-09 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=54629&amp;StockCode=45227</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).  Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=54629'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-54629</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1999-12-09 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=54629</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>37.0 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 114953))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=114953&amp;speccode=54629'>Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>demersal; marine; depth range ? - 60 m (Ref. 114953)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=114953&amp;speccode=54629'>Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)</reference></dataObject>
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