FB-5492 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5492 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rajiformes Rajidae Raja Raja microocellata Montagu, 1818 Raja drobnooka Arrai Paia-zimbreira Raia Raia-zimbreira شِفنين بحري مَمزُوجة Morgath lygaid-bach Småøjet rokke Hellfleckiger Rochen Kleinäugiger Rochen Owl ray Painted ray Painted skate Smalleyed ray Small-eyed ray Smalleyed skate Peentäpp-rai Palettirausku Raie mêlée Razza Raza Småögd rocka Raia colorada Raya colorada Raya Raya de ojos Drobnooka raža Kleinoogrog Salahi 小睛斑鰩 小睛斑鳐 Raia microocellata Montagu, 1818 Raja microcellata Montagu, 1818 1992-05-22 2024-01-25 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Nijssen, H. and S.J. de Groot0 Catalogue of fish species of the Netherlands. Beaufortia 21(285):173-207. (Ref. 1756) Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel0 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. 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(Ref. 118717) Carneiro, M., R. Martins, F. Reiner and I. Batista0 Ichthyofauna of Portugal: taxonomic diversity, common and scientific names of marine fishes. Volume 1. [Ictiofauna de Portugal: Diversidade taxonómica, nomes comuns e nomes científicos dos peixes marinhos]. Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Lisboa:1-376. (Ref. 123731) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Biton-Porsmoguer, S.0 Fisheries and ecology of the skates (Rajiformes: Rajidae) in the English Channel. Vie et Milieu - Life and Environment 70(2):133-140. (Ref. 138271) Stéphan, E., C. Hennache, A. Delamare, V. Legrand and N. Leblanc0 The French RECOAM project : study of the biology and ecology of five skate (Rajidae) species present in the coastal waters of the western English Channel and central Bay of Biscay. Working Document for ICES WGEF 1-8. (Ref. 138272) FB-pic-5492-28604 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2001-02-01 2001-02-23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5492 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ramic_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Ramic_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-5492 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-05-22 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5492 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Found on sandy bottoms, from inshore waters to about 100 m in tidal areas (Ref. 3167). Feed on fishes (Ref. 3167). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 6.6-10.0 cm long and 4.1-6.3 cm wide (Ref. 41250). About 54-61 eggs are laid by an individual in a year (Ref. 41250). McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5492 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2001-07-12 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5492 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Eyes conspicuously small; dorsal fins close-set, no thorns between; upper surface predominantly spinulose, underside almost smooth in young, but head and centre of disc prickly in larger specimens; orbital thorns separate, a regular row of about 50 thorns from nape to first dorsal fin; upper surface greyish, olive to light brown with light blotches and long bands, underside white (Ref. 3167). Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Morphology-5492 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2001-07-12 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5492 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0 Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Distribution-5492 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-05-22 00:00:00 2025-11-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5492 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Northeast Atlantic, from the British Isles southwards to Gibraltar and north-western Africa (Western Sahara and Mauritania). Carneiro, M., R. Martins, F. Reiner and I. Batista 2019 Ichthyofauna of Portugal: taxonomic diversity, common and scientific names of marine fishes. Volume 1. [Ictiofauna de Portugal: Diversidade taxonómica, nomes comuns e nomes científicos dos peixes marinhos]. Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Lisboa:1-376. (Ref. 123731) FB-Uses-5492 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-05-22 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5492 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: medium; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-LifeCycle-5492 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1992-05-22 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=5492&StockCode=5768 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Oviparous (Ref. 3167). Paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-Size-5492 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-05-22 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5492 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 87.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 6014)); max. published weight: 4,500 g (Ref. 4699) Dorel, D. 1986 Poissons de l'Atlantique nord-est relations taille-poids. Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer. Nantes, France. 165 p. (Ref. 6014) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5492 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-05-22 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5492 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size demersal; marine; depth range ? - 100 m (Ref. 4426) Stehmann, M. 1990 Rajidae. p. 29-50. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic. Junta Nacional de Investigaçao Cientifica e Tecnológica, Lisbon, Portugal. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4426)