FB-5510 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5510 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rhinopristiformes Rhinobatidae Acroteriobatus Acroteriobatus leucospilus (Norman, 1926) Gryskol-sandkruiper Gråplettet guitarfisk Blue-spotted guitarfish Grayspot guitarfish Grayspottted guitarfish Greyspot guitarfish Greyspot sandshark Heletäpiline logardrai Raie guitare à taches bleues Soroboa Grijsgestippelde gitaarrog 灰斑犁头鳐 灰斑犁頭鰩 Rhinobatos blochi (non Müller & Henle, 1841) Rhinobatos leucospilus Norman, 1926 Rhinobatus leucospilus Norman, 1926 1992-06-02 2021-07-08 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) van der Elst, R.0 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670) Torres, F.S.B. Jr.0 Tabular data on marine fishes from Southern Africa, Part I. Length-weight relationships. Fishbyte 9(1):50-53. (Ref. 3678) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Rhinobatidae. p. 128-131. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3919) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale0 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) Fritzsch, B. and P. Moller0 A history of electroreception. p. 39-55. In P. Moller (ed.) Electric fishes:history and behavior. Fish and Fisheries Series 17. Chapman & Hall, London. (Ref. 10311) Heemstra, P.C.0 Additions and corrections for the 1995 impression. p. v-xv. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Revised Edition of Smiths' Sea Fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 11228) van der Elst, R.0 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. (3rd Ed.). Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 398 p. (Ref. 12484) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. 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(Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Weigmann, S., D.A. Ebert, B. Séret0 Resolution of the <i>Acroteriobatus leucospilus</i> species complex, with a redescription of <i>A. leucospilus</i> (Norman, 1926) and descriptions of two new western Indian Ocean species of <i>Acroteriobatus</i> (Rhinopristiformes, Rhinobatidae). Marine Biodiversity (2021):51:58. (Ref. 124452) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 11 January 2023 and 25 November 2023. UNEP. (Ref. 128078) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III. UNEP. (Ref. 131153) Groeneveld, M.J., J.D. Klein, M. van Staden, R.H. Bennett, M.L. Dicken, D.A. Ebert, B.Q. Mann, K. Perumal, R.G.A. Watson and A.E. Bester-van der Merwe0 Molecular taxonomy of guitarfishes (Rhinobatidae: Acroteriobatus). Research Square online. 2025. (Ref. 138356) FB-GeneralDescr-5510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2021-07-08 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5510 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Found inshore from the surf line to a depth of 100 m (Ref. 5578, 11228). Feeds on bivalves, gastropods, shrimps, crabs and small bony fishes (Ref. 5578). Common length 92-96 cm TL; males and females mature at about 56 cm TL and birth size ca. 25 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Flesh esteemed (Ref. 3919). Weigmann, S., D.A. Ebert, B. Séret 2021 Resolution of the <i>Acroteriobatus leucospilus</i> species complex, with a redescription of <i>A. leucospilus</i> (Norman, 1926) and descriptions of two new western Indian Ocean species of <i>Acroteriobatus</i> (Rhinopristiformes, Rhinobatidae). Marine Biodiversity (2021):51:58. (Ref. 124452) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2021-07-08 00:00:00 2021-07-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5510 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats This medium-sized species is distinguished by the following set of characters: dorsal surface smooth, no prominent thorns or tubercles, except for slightly enlarged granular denticles partially around orbital rims, and rather regularly distributed along midline from nape to near first dorsal-fin origin, none between dorsal fins and upper caudal fin; snout semi-translucent with elongated bluish spots giving stripe-nosed appearance, numerous small bluish spots covering the snout, pectoral, pelvic, dorsal, and caudal fins but not the central disc, on a sandy brown background with darker brown spots of varying sizes covering the disc, tail, fin bases, and fins, and sometimes giving the caudal peduncle a striped appearance, the outer edges of pectoral- and pelvic-fin margins blue, while lateral tail folds white or striped blue and brown and ventral surface white; nasal lamellae 37-41; upper jaw tooth row count ca. 60-75; post-synarcual centra 187-192; total vertebral segments 200-205; total pectoral skeleton radials 63-70 (Ref. 124452). Weigmann, S., D.A. Ebert, B. Séret 2021 Resolution of the <i>Acroteriobatus leucospilus</i> species complex, with a redescription of <i>A. leucospilus</i> (Norman, 1926) and descriptions of two new western Indian Ocean species of <i>Acroteriobatus</i> (Rhinopristiformes, Rhinobatidae). Marine Biodiversity (2021):51:58. (Ref. 124452) FB-Morphology-5510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2021-07-08 00:00:00 2021-07-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5510 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Vertebrae: 200 - 205 Weigmann, S., D.A. Ebert, B. Séret 2021 Resolution of the <i>Acroteriobatus leucospilus</i> species complex, with a redescription of <i>A. leucospilus</i> (Norman, 1926) and descriptions of two new western Indian Ocean species of <i>Acroteriobatus</i> (Rhinopristiformes, Rhinobatidae). Marine Biodiversity (2021):51:58. (Ref. 124452) FB-Distribution-5510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2024-07-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5510 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Western Indian Ocean: South Africa, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Weigmann, S., D.A. Ebert, B. Séret 2021 Resolution of the <i>Acroteriobatus leucospilus</i> species complex, with a redescription of <i>A. leucospilus</i> (Norman, 1926) and descriptions of two new western Indian Ocean species of <i>Acroteriobatus</i> (Rhinopristiformes, Rhinobatidae). Marine Biodiversity (2021):51:58. (Ref. 124452) FB-Uses-5510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2021-07-08 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5510 fisheries: subsistence fisheries; gamefish: yes van der Elst, R. 1993 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. (3rd Ed.). Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 398 p. (Ref. 12484) Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) FB-LifeCycle-5510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2021-07-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=5510&StockCode=5799 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Bears 2 to 4 young (Ref. 5578). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-Size-5510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2021-07-08 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5510 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 56.5 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 124452)); 96 cm TL (female) Weigmann, S., D.A. Ebert, B. Séret 2021 Resolution of the <i>Acroteriobatus leucospilus</i> species complex, with a redescription of <i>A. leucospilus</i> (Norman, 1926) and descriptions of two new western Indian Ocean species of <i>Acroteriobatus</i> (Rhinopristiformes, Rhinobatidae). Marine Biodiversity (2021):51:58. (Ref. 124452) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2021-07-08 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5510 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution demersal; marine; depth range 0 - 100 m (Ref. 124452), usually ? - 37 m (Ref. 124452) Weigmann, S., D.A. Ebert, B. Séret 2021 Resolution of the <i>Acroteriobatus leucospilus</i> species complex, with a redescription of <i>A. leucospilus</i> (Norman, 1926) and descriptions of two new western Indian Ocean species of <i>Acroteriobatus</i> (Rhinopristiformes, Rhinobatidae). Marine Biodiversity (2021):51:58. (Ref. 124452) Weigmann, S., D.A. Ebert, B. Séret 2021 Resolution of the <i>Acroteriobatus leucospilus</i> species complex, with a redescription of <i>A. leucospilus</i> (Norman, 1926) and descriptions of two new western Indian Ocean species of <i>Acroteriobatus</i> (Rhinopristiformes, Rhinobatidae). Marine Biodiversity (2021):51:58. (Ref. 124452)