FB-5537 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5537 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Scaridae Bolbometopon Bolbometopon muricatum (Valenciennes, 1840) Berdebed Chesengel Kemedukl Matirai Papagaio verde Ramkop-papegaaivis Angol Bulepapegøjefisk Bumphead parrotfish Double-headed parrotfish Green humphead parrotfish Humphead parrotfish Napoleon's fish Muhkpea Filambase Perroquet bossu vert Perroquet à bosse Kanmuribudai Angke Bayan Bayan bonggol Perencong Galo uluto'i Laea-uluto'i Uloto'i Pono Loro Mulmol Loro cototo verde Aliyakyak Angke Boila Combessi nundu Gwa'ela Gwaila Hiru ru Huro Korotong Kurubulu Mamiligemasegul Mas cuapaka Mul-mul Niru rentos ruk Paila Paira Perroquet bumphead Puputan Tofoula Togoba 隆头鹦哥鱼 隆頭鸚哥魚 駝峰大鸚嘴魚 驼峰大鹦嘴鱼 鹦哥 Bolbomatopon muricatum (Valenciennes, 1840) Bolbometopon muricantum (Valenciennes, 1840) Bolbometopon muricatus (Valenciennes, 1840) Bulbometopon muricatum (Valenciennes, 1840) Callyodon muricatus (Valenciennes, 1840) Scarus muricatus Valenciennes, 1840 1992-06-05 2023-06-15 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Bomur_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Bomur_u3.jpg Locality: Seribu Island, Java, Indonesia. FB-pic-5537-17919 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-08-24 2018-11-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Bomur_m0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Bomur_m0.jpg FB-pic-5537-17920 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-08-24 2019-02-01 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats mangrove http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Bomur_j0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Bomur_j0.jpg FB-pic-5537-34682 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2002-11-19 2002-11-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Bomur_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Bomur_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-5537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-05 00:00:00 2023-06-15 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Juveniles are found in lagoons while adults inhabit clear outer lagoon and seaward reefs up to depths of at least 30 m (Ref. 9710). They ‘sleep’ in caves and often in shipwrecks at night (Ref. 48636). They are usually in small groups feeding on benthic algae, live corals (Ref. 9710) and shellfishes (Ref. 58784). They sometimes ram their head against corals to facilitate feeding (Ref. 9710). The largest and wariest of the parrotfishes. Assessments showed their vulnerability to overfishing (Ref. 9710). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797. Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1995-07-05 00:00:00 2019-02-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5537 This species is distinguished by the following characters: median predorsal scales 2-4 (may be obscured by hump); 3 scale rows on cheek, 1 (4-6), 2 (3-6), 3 (1-2); pectoral-fin rays 16 or 17; steep profile distinctive; nodules on teeth unique (Ref. 9793); prominent bump on forehead of adult (evident at least 25 cm TL); deep body 2.0-2.5 in SL, with depth increasing with growth; Colour of juveniles brownish to green with 5 vertical rows of whitish spots on side, the primary phase is a dull gray with scattered white spots, gradually becoming uniformly dark green (Ref. 90102, 1602). Bellwood, D.R. 2001 Scaridae. Parrotfishes. p. 3468-3492. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9793) FB-Morphology-5537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1995-07-05 00:00:00 2019-02-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9 Bellwood, D.R. 2001 Scaridae. Parrotfishes. p. 3468-3492. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9793) FB-Distribution-5537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-05 00:00:00 2025-11-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Samoa and the Line Islands, north to the Yaeyama and Wake islands, south to the Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia. Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) FB-Uses-5537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-05 00:00:00 2023-06-15 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen 1993 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137) Burgess, W.E., H.R. Axelrod and R.E. Hunziker III 1990 Dr. Burgess's atlas of marine aquarium fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. 768 p. FB-LifeCycle-5537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-05 00:00:00 2023-06-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=5537&StockCode=5827 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Also Ref. 103751. Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-5537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-12-02 00:00:00 2018-05-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ muricatum Occur inshore (Ref. 75154). Juveniles found in lagoons; adults in clear outer lagoon and seaward reefs up to depths of at least 30 m (Ref. 9710). Sleeps in caves and often in shipwrecks at night (Ref. 48636). Usually in small groups and feeds on benthic algae, live corals (Ref. 9710) and shellfishes (Ref. 58784). May ram its head against corals to facilitate feeding. The largest and wariest of the parrotfishes (Ref. 9710). Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) FB-Size-5537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-05 00:00:00 2023-06-15 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 130 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710)); max. published weight: 46.0 kg (Ref. 2334) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-05 00:00:00 2023-06-15 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 40 m (Ref. 90102) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann 2012 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102)