FB-5741 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5741 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Kurtiformes Apogonidae Apogonichthys Apogonichthys perdix Bleeker, 1854 Tatabig Gespikkelde kardinaal Bagsang Flores cardinalfish Perdix cardinalfish Speckled cardinal Waikiki cardinalfish 'Upāpalu Hawai-mato-ishimochi Fohmo-apaka Fomho-apaka Dangat Suga Ibis pula Mamaong 夏威夷天竺魚 夏威夷天竺鱼 大面侧仔 鳩斑原天竺鯛 鳩斑天竺魚 鸠斑原天竺鲷 鸠斑天竺鱼 Apogon perdix (Bleeker, 1854) Apogonichthys waikiki Jordan & Evermann, 1903 Mionurus waikiki (Jordan & Evermann, 1903) 1992-06-11 2013-03-22 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Thresher, R.E.0 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) Herre, A.W.C.T.0 Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. (20):1-977. (Ref. 280) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith0 The fishes of Seychelles. Rhodes University, Grahamstown. 215 p. (Ref. 1623) Herre, A.W.C.T. and A.F. Umali0 English and local common names of Philippine fishes. U. S. Dept. of Interior and Fish and Wildl. Serv. Circular No. 14, U. S. Gov't Printing Office, Washington. 128 p. (Ref. 2857) Gon, O.0 Apogonidae. p. 546-561. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4329) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Randall, J.E.0 106 new records of fishes from the Marshall Islands. Bull. Mar. Sci. 38(1):170-252. (Ref. 5439) Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley0 Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300) Randall, J.E., J.L. Earle, T. Hayes, C. Pittman, M. Severns and R.L.F. Smith0 Eleven new records and validations of shore fishes from the Hawaiian Islands. Pac. Sci. 47(3):222-239. (Ref. 7490) Allen, G.R. and W.F. Smith-Vaniz0 Fishes of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Atoll Res. Bull. 412:21 p. (Ref. 9399) Zug, G.R., V.G. Springer, J.T. Williams and G.D. Johnson0 The vertebrates of Rotuma and surrounding waters. Atoll Res. Bull. 316:25 p. (Ref. 10708) Thollot, P.0 Les poissons de mangrove du lagon sud-ouest de Nouvelle-Calédonie. ORSTOM Éditions, Paris. (Ref. 11889) Kulbicki, M., J.E. Randall and J. Rivaton0 Checklist of the fishes of the Chesterfield Islands (Coral Sea). Micronesica 27(1/2):1-43. (Ref. 11897) Shao, K.-T.0 A checklist of fishes recorded in Taiwan and their distribution around Taiwan. Unpublished database, version of April 1997. (Ref. 12711) Goo, F.C.C. and A.H. Banner0 A preliminary compilation of animal and plant names of the Mariana Islands. Hawaii Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. 30 p. (Ref. 13763) Winterbottom, R. and R.C. Anderson0 A revised checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Chagos Archipelago, Central Indian Ocean. Ichthyol. Bull. Smith. Inst. (66):1-28. (Ref. 27307) Randall, J.E.0 Review of the cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) of the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of two new species. aqua, J. Ichthyol. Aquat. Biol. 3(1):25-38. (Ref. 27665) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's tank photos. Collection of 10,000 large-format photos (slides) of dead fishes. Unpublished. (Ref. 28618) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BPBM). Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai`I, 96817-0916 USA. (Ref. 31667) Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. (Ref. 37816) Barlow, G.W.0 Patterns of parental investment, dispersal and size among coral-reef fishes. Environ. Biol. Fishes 6(1):65-85. (Ref. 38625) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of March 2003. Database dump. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in March 2003. (Ref. 46206) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Allen, G.R. and M. Adrim0 Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72. (Ref. 47567) Huang, Z.0 Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka0 Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 1. Eels- Snappers, Muraenidae - Lutjanidae. Zoonetics, Australia. 1-302. (Ref. 48635) Gon, O. and J.E. Randall0 A review of the cardinalfishes (Perciformes: Apogonidae) of the Rea Sea. Smithiana Bull. 1:1-47. (Ref. 50837) Whiteman, E.A. and I.M. Côté0 Monogamy in marine fishes. Biol. Rev. 79:351-375. (Ref. 52884) Randall, J.E.0 Reef and shore fishes of the South Pacific. New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 720 p. (Ref. 54980) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Mundy, B.C.0 Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704. (Ref. 58302) Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen0 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534) Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Golani, D. and S. V. Bogorodsky0 The fishes of the Red Sea - reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa 2463:1-135. (Ref. 84159) Seeto, J. and W.J. Baldwin0 A checklist of the fishes of Fiji and a bibliography of Fijian fish. Division of Marine Studies Technical Report 1/2010. The University of the South Pacific. Suva, Fiji. 102 p. (Ref. 85272) Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez0 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942) Rajan, P.T., C.R. Sreeraj and T. Immanuel0 Fish fauna of coral reef, mangrove, freshwater, offshore and seagrass beds of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Haddo, Port Blair. (Ref. 87596) Bacchet, P., T. Zysman and Y. Lefèvre0 Guide des poissons de Tahiti et ses îles. Tahiti (Polynésie Francaise): Éditions Au Vent des Îles. 608 p. (Ref. 89972) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Mabuchi, K., T.H. Fraser, H. Song, Y. Azuma and M. Nishida0 Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters. Zootaxa 3846(2):151-203. (Ref. 96888) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Vagelli, A.A.0 The reproductive biology and embryology of <i>Quinca mirifica</i>, an apogonid with direct development that produces non-functional oocytes. Copeia 107(1):36-60. (Ref. 127593) FB-pic-5741-7898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-06 2000-02-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5741 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Apper_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Apper_u1.jpg FB-pic-5741-7899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-06 2000-02-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5741 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Apper_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Apper_u2.jpg FB-pic-5741-7900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-06 2000-02-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5741 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Apper_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Apper_u3.jpg FB-pic-5741-7901 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-06 2000-02-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5741 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Apper_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Apper_u4.jpg FB-pic-5741-27557 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 2000-08-31 2010-07-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5741 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Apper_u5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Apper_u5.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-5741 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-11 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5741 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Adults occur inshore (Ref. 7300). Found among rubble of reef flats and 'dead' reefs (Ref. 1602, 58302). Benthic and benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Secretive (Ref. 48635), nocturnal species (Ref. 7300). Eggs are incubated orally (Ref. 205). Monogamous and always in home-ranging pairs, that is they do not defend an exclusive territory (Ref. 52884). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 57178. Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5741 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-01 00:00:00 2013-04-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5741 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Olive brown with irregular dark spots and streaks; speckled fins; normally with a dark line from eye to origin of LL and stripe from eye to angle of preopercle (Ref. 4329, 48635). Developed gill rakers 5-7. A distinctive small white spot centrally at base of caudal fin (Ref. 48635).Description: Characterized by small eighth spine usually covered by skin; greatest depth of body 2.4-2.6 in SL (Ref. 90102). Gon, O. 1986 Apogonidae. p. 546-561. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4329) FB-Morphology-5741 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-01 00:00:00 2013-04-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5741 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Dorsal spines (total): 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 8 Gon, O. 1986 Apogonidae. p. 546-561. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4329) FB-Distribution-5741 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-11 00:00:00 2024-07-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5741 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Indo-Pacific: Red Sea south to Inhambane (Ref. 4329) and east to the Hawaiian Islands and Rapa, north to southern Japan; throughout Micronesia. Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-LifeCycle-5741 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-11 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=5741&StockCode=6034 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Displays obligate monogamy where a one-to-one pair is established irrespective of resource abundance (Ref. 52884). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-5741 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Auda Kareen Ortañez 2007-08-09 00:00:00 2008-11-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ perdix Occurs inshore (Ref. 7300). Found among rubble of reef flats and 'dead' reefs (Ref. 1602, 58302). Benthic and benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Secretive (Ref. 48635). Nocturnal species (Ref. 7300). Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen 2006 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534) FB-Size-5741 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-11 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5741 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 6.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 90102)) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann 2012 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5741 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-11 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5741 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat reef-associated; non-migratory (Ref. 52884); marine; depth range 1 - 65 m (Ref. 37816), usually 1 - 4 m (Ref. 90102) Whiteman, E.A. and I.M. Côté 2004 Monogamy in marine fishes. Biol. Rev. 79:351-375. (Ref. 52884) Myers, R.F. 1999 Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. (Ref. 37816) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann 2012 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102)