FB-5748 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5748 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Kurtiformes Apogonidae Pristicon Pristicon trimaculatus (Cuvier, 1828) Bagsang Parangan Pangan Cardinalfish Three-spot cardinal Threespot cardinalfish Three-spot cardinalfish Misuji-akahire-ishimochi Sangkarang Sebekah Sebekah kelam Semangka Seriding Fo Dangat Suga Cá Sơn ba chấm Gogombel Karangka aka Kungkungan Marnaong Moong 三斑天竺鯛 三斑天竺鲷 大目侧仔 大目側仔 大面侧仔 Amia koilomatodon (Bleeker, 1853) Apogon koilomatodon Bleeker, 1853 Apogon trimaculatus Cuvier, 1828 1992-06-11 2021-07-21 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Thresher, R.E.0 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) Herre, A.W.C.T.0 Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. (20):1-977. (Ref. 280) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Munro, I.S.R.0 The fishes of New Guinea. Department of Agriculture, Stock and Fisheries, Port Moresby, New Guinea. 651 p. (Ref. 561) Wass, R.C.0 An annotated checklist of the fishes of Samoa. Natl. Ocean. Atmos. Adminis. Tech. Rept., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rept. Fish. (781). (Ref. 592) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene0 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) Herre, A.W.C.T. and A.F. Umali0 English and local common names of Philippine fishes. U. S. Dept. of Interior and Fish and Wildl. Serv. Circular No. 14, U. S. Gov't Printing Office, Washington. 128 p. (Ref. 2857) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Schuster, W.H. and R. Djajadiredja0 Local common names of Indonesian fishes. W.V. Hoeve, Bandung, Indonesia. 276 p. (Ref. 6107) Kailola, P.J.0 The fishes of Papua New Guinea: a revised and annotated checklist. Vol. II Scorpaenidae to Callionymidae. Research Bulletin No. 41, Research Section, Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua New Guinea. (Ref. 6192) Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley0 Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300) Kuiter, R.H.0 Tropical reef-fishes of the western Pacific Indonesia and adjacent waters. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta. 314 p. (Ref. 8631) Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen0 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137) Shao, K.-T. and J.-P. Chen0 Ten new records of cardinalfishes from Taiwan, with a synopsis of the family Apogonidae. J. Taiwan Mus. 39(2):61-104. (Ref. 9147) Allen, G.R. and W.F. Smith-Vaniz0 Fishes of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Atoll Res. Bull. 412:21 p. (Ref. 9399) Lieske, E. and R. Myers0 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937) Allen, G.R.0 Cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of three new species. Rev. Fr. Aquariol. 20(1):9-20. (Ref. 11890) Kulbicki, M., J.E. Randall and J. Rivaton0 Checklist of the fishes of the Chesterfield Islands (Coral Sea). Micronesica 27(1/2):1-43. (Ref. 11897) Nguyen, H.P., P. Le Trong, N.T. Nguyen, P.D. Nguyen, N. Do Thi Nhu and V.L. Nguyen0 Checklist of marine fishes in Vietnam. Vol. 3. Order Perciformes, Suborder Percoidei, and Suborder Echeneoidei. Science and Technics Publishing House, Vietnam. (Ref. 12846) Kulbicki, M. and J.T. Williams0 Checklist of the shorefishes of Ouvea Atoll, New Caledonia. Atoll Res. Bull. 444:26 p. (Ref. 13236) Letourneur, Y., M. Kulbicki and P. Labrosse0 Length-weight relationships of fish from coral reefs and lagoons of New Caledonia, southwestern Pacific Ocean: an update. Naga, ICLARM Q. 21(4):39-46. (Ref. 26587) Kunzmann, A., J.E. Randall and I. Suprihanto0 Checklist of the shore fishes of the Mentawai Islands, Nias Island and the Padang region of West-Sumatra. Naga, ICLARM Q. 22(1):4-10. (Ref. 27157) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's tank photos. Collection of 10,000 large-format photos (slides) of dead fishes. Unpublished. (Ref. 28618) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's underwater photos. Collection of almost 2,000 underwater photos (slides). Unpublished. (Ref. 28620) Allen, G.R. and P.L. Munday0 Kimbe Bay rapid ecological assessment: the coral reefs of Kimbe Bay (West New Britain, Papua New Guinea), Volume 3: Fish diversity of Kimbe Bay. The Nature Conservancy, South Pacific program Office, Auckland, New Zealand. 107 p. (Ref. 28888) Ganaden, S.R. and F. Lavapie-Gonzales0 Common and local names of marine fishes of the Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Philippines. 385 p. (Ref. 31411) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BPBM). Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai`I, 96817-0916 USA. (Ref. 31667) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Kami, H.T.0 Check-list of Guam fishes, supplement II. Micronesica 11(1):115-121. (Ref. 35720) Kuo, S.-R. and K.-T. Shao0 Species composition of fish in the coastal zones of the Tsengwen estuary, with descriptions of five new records from Taiwan. Zool. Stud. 38(4):391-404. (Ref. 36073) Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. (Ref. 37816) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Randall, J.E. and T.H. Fraser0 Clarification of the western Pacific cardinalfish species <i>Apogon trimaculatus</i> and <i>A. rhodopterus</i>, with description of a similar new species. Raffles Bull. Zool. 47(2):617-633. (Ref. 40889) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Allen, G.R.0 Reef fishes of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. In T. Werner and G. Allen (eds). A rapid biodiversity assessment of the coral reefs of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. RAP Working Papers 11, Conservation International, Washington, D.C. (Ref. 41464) Dantis, A.L. and P.M. Aliño (comps.)0 Checklist of Philippine reef fishes. p. 208-226. In Aliño, P.M.,E.F.B.Miclat,C.L.Nañola Jr.,H.A.Roa-Quiaoit and R.T.Campos(eds.) Atlas of Philippine coral reefs.Philippine Coral Reef Information (Philreefs). Goodwill Trading Co.,Inc.(Goodwill Bookstore),Quezon City,Philippines. xvi + 264p. (Ref. 45419) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Allen, G.R. and M. Adrim0 Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72. (Ref. 47567) Huang, Z.0 Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843) Chen, J.-P., R.-Q. Jan and K.-T. Shao0 Checklist of reef fishes from Taiping Island (Itu Aba Island), Spratly Islands, South China Sea. Pac. Sci. 51(2):143-166. (Ref. 48445) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Werner, T.B. and G.R. Allen0 A rapid marine biodiversity assessment of the Calamianes Islands, Palawan province, Philippines. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 17. Washington, D.C.:Conservation International. (Ref. 48613) Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka0 Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 1. Eels- Snappers, Muraenidae - Lutjanidae. Zoonetics, Australia. 1-302. (Ref. 48635) Randall, J.E.0 Reef and shore fishes of the South Pacific. New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 720 p. (Ref. 54980) Chen, C.-H.0 Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI Special Publication No. 4. 175 p. (Ref. 55073) Nghia, N.V.0 Fishes of Viet Nam. Unpublished compilation of Nguyen Viet Nghia. (Ref. 55784) Kulbicki, M., N. Guillemot and M. Amand0 A general approach to length-weight relationships for New Caledonian lagoon fishes. Cybium 29(3):235-252. (Ref. 55787) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen0 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534) Broad, G.0 Fishes of the Philippines. Anvil Publishing, Inc., pasi City. 510 pp. (Ref. 58652) Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154) Department of Fisheries Malaysia0 Valid local name of Malaysian marine fishes. Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. 180 p. (Ref. 85449) Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez0 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942) May, D.0 Folk taxonomy of reef fish and the value of participatory monitoring in Wakatobi National Park, southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. SPC Traditional Marine Resource Management and Knowledge Information Bulletin 18: 18-35. (Ref. 87848) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) Mabuchi, K., T.H. Fraser, H. Song, Y. Azuma and M. Nishida0 Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters. Zootaxa 3846(2):151-203. (Ref. 96888) Kerr, V.C.0 A rapid marine biodiversity assessment of the coral reefs of the northwest lagoon, between Koumac and Yandé, Province Nord, New Caledonia. BioOne Research Evolved:160-178. (Ref. 101627) Samaniego, B.R.0 Changes in the fish and benthic communities within marine protected areas of difference ages in Batangas, Verde Island Passage, and the perceived benefit of reef fishers. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna. 151 pp. (Ref. 107629) Cabansag, J.B. and L.A. Meñez0 Assessment and monitoring of coral and reef fish communities aroung Nasugbu and Calatagan, Batangas. (Final Draft). Sulu-Sulawesi Seascape Program. Conservation International Philippines, 45 p. (Ref. 107853) Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2. <https://www.iucnredlist.org/>. Downloaded 10 Jan 2023. (Ref. 126983) Hazes, B.0 Hazes' underwater photos. Collection of Philippine underwater photos. Unpublished. (Ref. 127519) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) Yalindua, F.Y., A. Faricha, P.S. Ibrahim and R. Huwae0 Length-weight relationship of seven Apogonidae species in Lembeh Strait. The 5th International Marine and Fisheries Symposium: IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 10 p. (Ref. 132169) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-5748-2090 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-02 2014-09-18 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5748 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases (night) Locality: Maumere, Flores, Indonesia. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Aptri_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Aptri_u0.jpg Locality: Maumere, Flores, Indonesia. FB-pic-5748-7896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-06 2002-09-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5748 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Aptri_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Aptri_u3.jpg FB-pic-5748-16737 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-03-19 2002-09-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5748 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Waipare Locality: Maumere, Flores, Indonesia. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Aptri_j0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Aptri_j0.jpg Locality: Maumere, Flores, Indonesia. FB-GeneralDescr-5748 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-11 00:00:00 2021-07-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5748 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Inhabits inshore coral reefs (Ref. 40889). Nocturnal species (Ref. 7300). Solitary, also found in reef crevices and ledges in 1-35 m (Ref 90102). Randall, J.E. and T.H. Fraser 1999 Clarification of the western Pacific cardinalfish species <i>Apogon trimaculatus</i> and <i>A. rhodopterus</i>, with description of a similar new species. Raffles Bull. Zool. 47(2):617-633. (Ref. 40889) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5748 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1995-04-04 00:00:00 2013-04-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5748 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Juveniles have intense dark markings on a light background (Ref. 37816). Adults dusky (Ref. 48635).Description: Characterized by pale grey body color with dusky brown scale margins; narrow blackish bar extending to middle of side under first dorsal fin, similar bar under posterior most part of second dorsal fin; short black bar at level of origin of second dorsal fin; rear edge of gill cover with dark spot; greatest depth of body 2.5-2.7 in SL (Ref. 90102). Randall, J.E. and T.H. Fraser 1999 Clarification of the western Pacific cardinalfish species <i>Apogon trimaculatus</i> and <i>A. rhodopterus</i>, with description of a similar new species. Raffles Bull. Zool. 47(2):617-633. (Ref. 40889) FB-Morphology-5748 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1995-04-04 00:00:00 2013-04-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5748 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Dorsal spines (total): 7; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 8 Randall, J.E. and T.H. Fraser 1999 Clarification of the western Pacific cardinalfish species <i>Apogon trimaculatus</i> and <i>A. rhodopterus</i>, with description of a similar new species. Raffles Bull. Zool. 47(2):617-633. (Ref. 40889) FB-Distribution-5748 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-11 00:00:00 2023-01-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5748 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Western Pacific: Ryukyu Islands to Western Australia and the southern Great Barrier Reef, east to Samoa and the Marshall Islands. Randall, J.E. and T.H. Fraser 1999 Clarification of the western Pacific cardinalfish species <i>Apogon trimaculatus</i> and <i>A. rhodopterus</i>, with description of a similar new species. Raffles Bull. Zool. 47(2):617-633. (Ref. 40889) FB-LifeCycle-5748 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-11 00:00:00 2021-07-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=5748&StockCode=6041 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Mouthbrooders (Ref. 240). Distinct pairing during courtship and spawning (Ref. 205). Thresher, R.E. 1984 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) FB-TrophicStrategy-5748 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2001-06-11 00:00:00 2008-11-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public trimaculatus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution An uncommon species found in coral-rich areas of lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 9710), in caves and other projections (Ref. 9137). Nocturnal species (Ref. 75154). Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen 1993 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137) FB-Size-5748 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-11 00:00:00 2021-07-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5748 14.2 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 40889)) Randall, J.E. and T.H. Fraser 1999 Clarification of the western Pacific cardinalfish species <i>Apogon trimaculatus</i> and <i>A. rhodopterus</i>, with description of a similar new species. Raffles Bull. Zool. 47(2):617-633. (Ref. 40889) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5748 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-11 00:00:00 2021-07-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5748 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 35 m (Ref. 90102) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann 2012 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102)