FB-59775 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=59775 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Kurtiformes Apogonidae Apogonichthys Apogonichthys landoni Herre, 1934 Balk-juweelvis Liulyungu Banded jewel cichlid Banded jewelfish Five spot Jewel cichlid Hohtotimanttiahven 長體伴麗魚 长体伴丽鱼 Chromichthys elongatus Guichenot, 1861 Hemichromis auritus Gill, 1862 Hemichromis fasciatus (non Peters, 1857) 2002-08-27 2024-06-21 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Boulenger, G.A.0 Les poissons du bassin du Congo. Bruxelles. 532 p. (Ref. 1879) Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien atlas. Band 2. Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde GmbH, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. (Ref. 2060) van der Bank, F.H., W.S. Grant and J.T. Ferreira0 Electrophoretically detectable genetic data for fifteen southern African cichlids. J. Fish Biol. 34(4):465-483. (Ref. 3091) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Daget, J. and G.G. Teugels0 Hemichromis. p. 187-194. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa, CLOFFA, ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5644) Skelton, P.H.0 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248) Poll, M.0 Contribution à la faune ichthyologique de l'Angola. Diamang Publ. Cult., nr. 75:381 p. (Ref. 11970) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Skelton, P.H.0 Diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes in East and Southern Africa. p.95-131. In G.G. Teugels, J.F. Guégan and J.J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh-and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 November 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr. Zool. 275. (Ref. 13332) Bell-Cross, G. and J.L. Minshull0 The fishes of Zimbabwe. National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. 294 p. (Ref. 13337) Roberts, T.R. and S.O. Kullander0 Endemic cichlid fishes of the Fwa River, Zaire: systematics and ecology. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 5(2):97-154. (Ref. 13455) Merron, G.S. and M.N. Bruton0 Community ecology and conservation of the fishes of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Environ. Biol. Fishes 43(2):109-119. (Ref. 27501) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Hay, C.J., B.J. van Zyl, F.H. van der Bank, J.T. Ferreira and G.J. Steyn0 The distribution of freshwater fish in Namibia. Cimbebasia 15:41-63. (Ref. 33857) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Zimbabwe. National Museum of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box 240, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. (Ref. 36653) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Matthes, H.0 Les poissons du lac Tumba et de la région d'Ikela. Étude systématique et écologique. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., série in-8°, Sci. Zool. 126:204 p. (Ref. 41580) Poll, M.0 Recherches sur la faune ichthyologique de la région du Stanley-Pool. Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge, Sér. In-8°, Sci. Zool., 71:75-174. (Ref. 41585) David, L. and M. Poll0 Contribution à la faune ichthyologique du Congo Belge: collections du Dr. H. Schouteden (1924-1926) et d'autres récolteurs. Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Zool. (1), 3(5):189-294. (Ref. 41590) Pellegrin, J.0 Poissons du Chiloango et du Congo recueillis par l'expédition du Dr. Schouteden (1920-1922). Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Zool. (1), 3(1):1-50. (Ref. 41591) Boulenger, G.A.0 Poissons recueillis au Congo belge par l'expédition du Dr. C. Christy. Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Zool. (1), 2(4):1-39. (Ref. 42480) Loiselle, P.V.0 A revision of the genus <i>Hemichromis</i> Peters 1858 (Teleostei: Cichlidae). I. - The <i>Hemichromis fasciatus</i> species group. II. - The <i>Hemichromis bimaculatus</i> species group. III. - The <i>Hemichromis guttatus</i> species group. IV - The <i>Hemichromis letourneauxi</i> species group. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Cent. Ser. 8, Zool., 228:1-124. (Ref. 43352) Yamamoto, M.N. and A.W. Tagawa0 Hawai'i's native and exotic freshwater animals. Mutual Publishing, Honolulu, Hawaii. 200 p. (Ref. 44091) Daget, J. and A. Stauch0 Poissons de la rive droite du Moyen-Congo. Mission A. Stauch (février-avril 1961). Bull. Inst. Rech. Sci. Congo 2:41-48. (Ref. 44840) Gosse, J.-P.0 Les poissons du bassin de l'Ubangi. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Doc. Zool., 13:56 p. (Ref. 45441) Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086) Vivien, J.0 Faune du Cameroun. Guide des mammifères et poissons. GICAM et Ministère de la Coopération et du Développement, Yaoundé/Paris. 271 p. (Ref. 51193) Lamboj, A.0 The cichlid fishes of Western Africa. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany. 255 p. (Ref. 52307) Okeyo, D.O.0 On the biodiversity and the distribution of freshwater fish of Namibia: an annotated update. p.156-194. In M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily and D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14:281 p. (Ref. 52863) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Mundy, B.C.0 Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704. (Ref. 58302) Bartley, D.M. (comp./ed.)0 DIAS. Introduced species in fisheries and aquaculture: information for responsible use and control. CD-ROM. Rome (Italy): FAO. (Ref. 74657) Stiassny, M.L.J., A. Lamboj, D. De Weirdt and G.G. Teugels0 Cichlidae. p. 269-403. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa Volume 2. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 42. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 603p. (Ref. 81260) Næsje, T.F., C.J. Hay, N. Nickanor, J.H., Strand, R. Koekemoer and E.B. Thorstad0 Fish populations, gill net catches and gill net selectivity in the Kwando River, Namibia. NINA Project Report 27. 64 p. (Ref. 81703) Hedianto, D.A. and S.E. Purnamaningtyas0 Aspek biologi reproduksi ikan golsom (<i>Hemichromis elongatus</i>, Guichenot 1861) di Waduk Cirata, Jawa Barat. BAWAL (in press). (Ref. 93845) Monsembula Iyaba, R.J.C. and M.L.J. Stiassny0 Fishes of the Salonga National Park (Congo basin, central Africa): a list of species collected in the Luilaka, Salonga, and Yenge Rivers (Equateur Province, Democratic Republic of Congo). Check List 9(2):246-256. (Ref. 93897) Moelants, T.0 Diversity and ecology of the ichthyofauna of the Middle and Upper Congo basin: a case-study in the region of the Wagenia falls (Democratic Republic of the Congo). KULeuven, Faculty of Science, Leuven (Belgium), 320p. (Ref. 106245) Decru, E.0 The ichthyofauna in the Central Congo basin: diversity and distribution in the north-eastern tributaries. KULeuven, Faculty of Science, Leuven (Belgium), 303p. (Ref. 106290) Peyton, K.A., T.S. Sakihara, L.K. Nishiura, T.T. Shindo, T.E. Shimoda, S. Hau, A. Akiona and K. Lorance0 Length-weight relationships for common juvenile fishes and prey species in Hawaiian estuaries. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 32:499-502. (Ref. 111300) Poll, M.0 Descriptions de Cichlidae nouveaux recueillis par le Dr. J. Schwetz dans la Rivière Fwa (Congo belge). Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 41(1):91-104. (Ref. 111543) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Skelton, P.H.0 Chapter 11. The freshwater fishes of Angola. p. 207-242. In B.J. Huntley, V. Russo, F. Lages and N. Ferrand (eds.) Biodiversity of Angola. Science & conservation: a modern synthesis. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, Switzerland. 549 p. (Ref. 120641) Bitja-Nyom, A.R., J.-F. Agnèse, A. Pariselle, C.F. Bilong-Bilong, A. Gilles and J. Snoeks0 A systematic revision of the five-spotted <i>Hemichromis</i> complex (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) from West Africa and Lower Guinea, with the description of a new species from Cameroon. Hydrobiologia 848:3779-3803. (Ref. 123791) Zamba, A.I., E. Vreven, V. Mamonekene, T. Musschoot, H.F.P. Ngot and J. Snoeks0 Length-weight relationships of 37 freshwater fish species from the Lefini river, middle Congo River basin (Republic of the Congo). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 36:352-357. (Ref. 124477) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante0 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-59782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2002-09-05 00:00:00 2025-12-18 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=59782 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Adults are found in shallow lakes and streams (Ref. 58302). Highly predaceous and thus used in some areas for tilapia control; feeds on fish, shrimp and aquatic insects; very aggressive and territorial (Ref. 44091); Parents guard the nest and larvae (Ref. 7248). Pair-bonding, substrate brooder (Ref. 81260). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Daget, J. and G.G. Teugels 1991 Hemichromis. p. 187-194. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa, CLOFFA, ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5644) FB-DiagnosticDescr-59782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 2002-11-08 00:00:00 2022-07-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=59782 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Diagnosis: Hemichromis elongatus can be distinguished from H. camerounensis by the presence of a single red opercular spot or a mixture of reddish and yellowish spots dorsally of the large black opercular spot instead of two red opercular spots on the both sides of the black spot in H. camerounensis (Ref. 123791). It can be distinguished from H. fasciatus by the absence of small black dots between the first three dark stripes on the sides of the body of adults (Ref. 123791). With 4-5 distinct blotches or ovoid bars along lateral mid-line (Ref. 44091, 81260), but bands not obvious in large males which assume a very dark to almost black coloration (Ref. 44091). Scales olive to yellow; series of thin red dots often forming horizontal lines along the mid-portion of flanks; normally 2 rows of teeth on upper jaw (Ref. 81260). Magenta spot on gill cover (Ref. 44091).Description: General body shape moderately deep and elongated, body depth 31.3-39.4% of standard length ; dorsal and anal fins reaching caudal fin origin; dorsal fin straight or slightly convex, soft rays 5 to 7 longest; length of pectoral and pelvic fin rays decreasing from first to last branched rays; caudal fin emarginate or truncate, caudal peduncle almost as long as deep; cycloid scales (Ref. 81260, 123791). Head narrow and long, its length 35.5-39.0% of standard length, with straight or moderate concave profile, premaxillary pedicel long; snout long and acute; mouth (almost) isognathous, prominent with highly protrusile upper jaw; lower jaw markedly prognathous; lower lip fold broad, completely covers upper lip at corner of mouth; eye diameter intermediate; lower pharyngeal jaw moderately broader than long and V-shaped, somewhat convex, with 19-26 marginal teeth; upper jaw with two rows of teeth, outer row with a few slightly enlarged canines near symphysis, inner row of tiny unicuspids separated from outer row by a wide gap (Ref. 81260, 123791). Rakers near ceratobranchial-epibranchial angle often distally flattened and anvil-shaped; first pelvic ray longest in both sexes; some dorsal and anal fin rays elongated; chest scales smaller than body scales (Ref. 81260). Upper lateral line scales 16-19, lower lateral line scales 8-12, longitudinal line scales 28-30, upper transverse line scales 3-5, lower transverse line scales 8-10, pectoral to pelvic fins range scales 4-7, caudal peduncle rows scales 15-16, cheek scales 4-6 (Ref. 123791).Colouration: Colour of living specimens: general colour pattern grey-silverish, with five large dark vertical stripes, rarely six, on the flanks, sometimes condensed as large dark blotches; scales on the flanks marked at edges by grey or silver colour and at centre by yellow or goldenish colour; a short dark band sometimes present between the two first large stripes on flanks; operculum with a single red opercular spot or a mixture of a few red and yellowish spots dorsally of the large black opercular spot; dorsum grey-silver to yellowish intersected by large dark vertical stripes; ventral parts of body and head, chin and cheeks red; dark lachrymal stripe extending over iris and above eye; fins grey or whitish (Ref. 81260, 123791). Opercular spot very well-developed and prominent (Ref. 81260). With 4-5 prominent black blotches (Ref. 52307, 81260), or elongated ovoid bars along lateral mid-line to caudal peduncle base (Ref. 81260). Throat and venter normally creamy or rosy (Ref. 52307). In breeding, colouration of most of the venter dusky grey to black while flanks are often flushed deep red (Ref. 81260), and black spots on body disappear, replaced by pale blotches (Ref. 52307). A series of small red dots, often forming thin red lines, run along the flanks (Ref. 52307, 81260). These are mostly concentrated in the mid-lateral region, becoming less intense dorsally and ventrally; dorsal fin, and sometimes upper part of caudal fin, with thin red margin and often a thin white submargin; pectorals hyaline, other fins yellowish to dusky grey; a narrow dark lachrymal stripe usually present; juveniles (< 15 mm) yellow or pale brownish with a very strong and prominent mid-lateral black band (Ref. 81260). Young and non-territorial individuals sometimes with off-white cheeks, opercles and throat; pelvics blackish, other fins rather colorless, sometimes with pale dots in anal and dorsal fins (Ref. 52307). Colour of preserved specimens: general body colour yellowish-brown with five large dark stripes, sometimes blotches, on the flanks; not well visible in decolourised old specimens; large black opercular spot; yellow opercular spot dorsally of black spot in some specimens freshly preserved, remnants of red opercular spot invisible in others (Ref. 123791). Bitja-Nyom, A.R., J.-F. Agnèse, A. Pariselle, C.F. Bilong-Bilong, A. Gilles and J. Snoeks 2021 A systematic revision of the five-spotted <i>Hemichromis</i> complex (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) from West Africa and Lower Guinea, with the description of a new species from Cameroon. Hydrobiologia 848:3779-3803. (Ref. 123791) FB-Morphology-59782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 2002-11-08 00:00:00 2022-07-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=59782 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Dorsal spines (total): 13 - 16; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 13; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 7 - 10 Bitja-Nyom, A.R., J.-F. Agnèse, A. Pariselle, C.F. Bilong-Bilong, A. Gilles and J. Snoeks 2021 A systematic revision of the five-spotted <i>Hemichromis</i> complex (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) from West Africa and Lower Guinea, with the description of a new species from Cameroon. Hydrobiologia 848:3779-3803. (Ref. 123791) FB-Distribution-59782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2002-09-05 00:00:00 2023-05-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=59782 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Africa: widely distributed in the coastal rivers of Lower Guinea, from the Ntem in Cameroon to Kouilou basin in Republic of Congo, including the Woleu, Ogowe and Nyanga rivers (Ref. 81260, 123791). Also in the Dja River, an affluent of the Middle Congo basin (Ref. 123791). Populations from entire Congo River basin and southern African basins, including Okavango, Zambesi and Cuanza (Ref. 11970, 120641), are also considered as conspecific (Ref. 123791), and may represent a distinct species (Ref. 81260). Also reported from West Africa in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Togo, Benin and Nigeria (Ref. 43352, 81260), but this needs confirmation (Ref. 53405). Daget, J. and G.G. Teugels 1991 Hemichromis. p. 187-194. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa, CLOFFA, ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5644) FB-LifeCycle-59782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 2002-09-05 00:00:00 2025-12-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=59782&StockCode=49519 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Oviparous (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-59782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2005-07-15 00:00:00 2005-07-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public elongatus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Highly predaceous and thus used in some areas for tilapia control; feeds on fish, shrimp and aquatic insects; very aggressive and territorial (Ref. 44091); the parents guard the nest and larvae (Ref. 7248). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Daget, J. and G.G. Teugels 1991 Hemichromis. p. 187-194. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa, CLOFFA, ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5644) FB-Size-59782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2002-09-05 00:00:00 2025-12-18 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=59782 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases 18.7 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 81260)) Stiassny, M.L.J., A. Lamboj, D. De Weirdt and G.G. Teugels 2008 Cichlidae. p. 269-403. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa Volume 2. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 42. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 603p. (Ref. 81260) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-59782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2002-09-05 00:00:00 2025-12-18 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=59782 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases benthopelagic; non-migratory (Ref. 126106); freshwater; pH range: 7.0; dH range: 15 Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106)