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	<dc:identifier>FB-61150</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=61150</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Stomiiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Stomiidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Bathophilus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Bathophilus proximus Regan &amp; Trewavas, 1930</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Aden torpedo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Adeni elektrirai</commonName>
	<dcterms:created>2003-09-16</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2021-09-09</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=61157'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='3-925919-33-3' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41394&amp;speccode=61157'>Hennemann, R.M.0 Sharks &amp; rays: elasmobranch guide of the world. IKAN-Unterwasserarchiv, Frankfurt, Germany, 304 p. (Ref. 41394)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=46206&amp;speccode=61157'>Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of March 2003. Database dump. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in March 2003. (Ref. 46206)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50449&amp;speccode=61157'>Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83892&amp;speccode=61157'>de Carvalho, M.R., M.F.W. Stehmann and L.G. Manilo0 &lt;i&gt;Torpedo adenensis&lt;/i&gt;, a new species of electric ray from the Gulf of Aden, with comments on nominal species of Torpedo from the western Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and adjacent areas (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae). Am. Mus. Novit. 3369:1-34. (Ref. 83892)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=61157'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=114953&amp;speccode=61157'>Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor0 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-61157</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-09-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2018-08-20 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder> FAO</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=61157</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Poorly known. Maturity size of males reported at 39 cm TL, still adolescent at 28 cm TL (Ref. 114953).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83892&amp;speccode=61157'>de Carvalho, M.R., M.F.W. Stehmann and L.G. Manilo 2002 &lt;i&gt;Torpedo adenensis&lt;/i&gt;, a new species of electric ray from the Gulf of Aden, with comments on nominal species of Torpedo from the western Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and adjacent areas (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae). Am. Mus. Novit. 3369:1-34. (Ref. 83892)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-61157</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2010-05-24 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-11-15 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=61157</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>This species is distinguished from all congeners its unique dorsal coloration, uniform reddish-, rusty-, or orange-brown and no any distinctive spots, blotches, or reticulations. Further distinct in having the following characters:  spiracles with few, knoblike, and somewhat inconspicuous spiracular papillae (at least in sexually mature or almost mature specimens); spiracles and eyes relatively close together (no large gap in between); base of first dorsal fin extending just posterior to level of pelvic fin axil (not entirely positioned over bases of pelvic fins); distance between second dorsal and caudal fin greater than distance between first and second dorsal fins; claspers with fleshy integumental flap in clasper glans region (Ref. 83892).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83892&amp;speccode=61157'>de Carvalho, M.R., M.F.W. Stehmann and L.G. Manilo 2002 &lt;i&gt;Torpedo adenensis&lt;/i&gt;, a new species of electric ray from the Gulf of Aden, with comments on nominal species of Torpedo from the western Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and adjacent areas (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae). Am. Mus. Novit. 3369:1-34. (Ref. 83892)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-61157</dc:identifier>
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	<dcterms:created>2003-09-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=61157</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>Western Indian Ocean:  Yemen, Gulf of Aden.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83892&amp;speccode=61157'>de Carvalho, M.R., M.F.W. Stehmann and L.G. Manilo 2002 &lt;i&gt;Torpedo adenensis&lt;/i&gt;, a new species of electric ray from the Gulf of Aden, with comments on nominal species of Torpedo from the western Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and adjacent areas (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae). Am. Mus. Novit. 3369:1-34. (Ref. 83892)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-LifeCycle-61157</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-09-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2018-08-20 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=61157&amp;StockCode=50939</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=61157'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-61157</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-09-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2018-08-20 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=61157</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>10.7 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 83892)); 39 cm TL (female)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83892&amp;speccode=61157'>de Carvalho, M.R., M.F.W. Stehmann and L.G. Manilo 2002 &lt;i&gt;Torpedo adenensis&lt;/i&gt;, a new species of electric ray from the Gulf of Aden, with comments on nominal species of Torpedo from the western Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and adjacent areas (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae). Am. Mus. Novit. 3369:1-34. (Ref. 83892)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-61157</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-09-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2018-08-20 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=61157</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; marine; depth range 125 - 230 m (Ref. 83892)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83892&amp;speccode=61157'>de Carvalho, M.R., M.F.W. Stehmann and L.G. Manilo 2002 &lt;i&gt;Torpedo adenensis&lt;/i&gt;, a new species of electric ray from the Gulf of Aden, with comments on nominal species of Torpedo from the western Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and adjacent areas (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae). Am. Mus. Novit. 3369:1-34. (Ref. 83892)</reference></dataObject>
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